This report describes the history of the Federal Income Tax from the first enacted Income Tax in 1861 to when the report was published in 1961.

This report was written in response to the Congressional action of delegating the power of implementing regulations that have the force and effect of law to members of the Executive branch such as federal agencies. The report collects and evaluates material pertinent to a wide range of questions in the area of the legislative practice of imposing criminal sanctions for violations of the administrative regulations which are a product of legislation.

This report discusses diseases which cause kidney failure, dialysis treatment for patients with end-stage kidney failure, and kidney transplants (both the process and financing needs and programs). Legislation in Congress related to medical research and aid for patients in need of kidney transplants is also discussed.

This report provides brief list of references regarding the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks.

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This report was created to provide information in response to Congressional inquiries about Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and to provide a review of Congressional interest in this disease.

This report discusses five different proposals for improving employee-employer relations: profit-sharing, employee stock ownership, cost reduction and productivity sharing plans, plant productivity committees and direct worker participation management.

This report is about the Election campaigns: Organizational Strategies and Techniques: A Select Annotated Bibliography.

This report provides information on political developments in Northern Ireland

This report outlines the question of privacy between doctor and patient and the potential abuse of prescription drugs without state and federal intervention.

This report addresses Legislative Enactment of Parity

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Mounting concern about the payment of social security Benefits to aliens living abroad resulted in the enactment of legislation this year adding new restrictions on the payment of benefits to certain aliens, P.L. 98-21.

On Mar. 24, 1983, the Congress adopted, as part of the Social Security Amendments of 1983 (P.L. 98-21), a measure to preclude virtually all incarcerated felons from receiving social security benefits of any kind, including retirement and survivor benefits. This action expanded previous legislation. In October 1980, legislation had been enacted (P.L. 96-473) that denied only social security disability benefits and student benefits to prisoners convicted of a felony.

This report discusses questions dealing with the number of homeless Americans as well as trends in society's attitudes toward such people. The incidence of mental illness and the appropriateness, or lack thereof, of deinstitutionalization for such patients is another aspect of the problem which is covered in this packet. A CRS report gives an overview of the situation and of the Federal response.

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The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on August 1-2, 1990, set into motion a series of actions by the United Nations Security Council. Between August 2 and December 4, 1990, the Council adopted 12 resolutions. The numbers and votes of those resolutions are listed and the full text of each resolution is included in the this report.

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This report discusses aspects of the process by which House committees mark up and report legislation. Among the subjects discussed are: selecting the text to be marked up, offering and debating amendments, and making motions to conclude debates during markups. The report also discusses relevant rules and practices concerning motions, quorums, votes, points of order, and parliamentary inquiries.

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This report provides background on foreign policy sanctions. It addresses the following questions: Why do we apply sanctions? What objectives does the U.S. government seek to achieve when it imposes sanctions? Who imposes sanctions? What tools are available? How likely is it that sanctions will achieve the stated goal? What secondary consequences might sanctions have? What change is required for the sanctions to be lifted? Would multilateral sanctions be more desirable and achievable? The report also provides an uncomplicated map of where sanctions policies and options currently may be found in U.S. law.

The House of Representatives follows a well established routine on the opening day of a new Congress. The proceedings include election of the Speaker, swearing in its members, election of administrative officers, and adoption of rules of procedure. Also, resolutions assigning its members to committees may be adopted. The House must take these actions at the beginning of each new Congress because it is not a continuing body. Article 1, Section 2 of Constitution sets terms for Members of the House at two years. Thus, the House ends at the conclusion of each two-year Congress and must reconstitute itself at the beginning of a new Congress. This report focuses on the floor activities of the House during its first formal session in a new Congress, and serves as a guide for participating in or watching those proceedings.

The Senate follows a well-established routine on the opening day of a new Congress. The proceedings include swearing in new members, administrative business, and the election of the president pro tempore, the constitutionally mandated officer elected to preside over the chamber in the absence of the Vice President. This report contains information on what is contained in the well-established routine.