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Farming Someone Else's Land: Farm Tenancy in the Texas Brazos River Valley, 1850-1880 (open access)

Farming Someone Else's Land: Farm Tenancy in the Texas Brazos River Valley, 1850-1880

This dissertation develops and utilizes a methodology for combining data drawn from the manuscript census returns and the county tax rolls to study landless farmers during the period from 1850 until 1880 in three Texas Brazos River Valley counties: Fort Bend, Milam, and Palo Pinto. It focuses in particular on those landless farmers who appear to have had no option other than tenant farming. It concludes that there were such landless farmers throughout the period, although they were a relatively insignificant factor in the agricultural economy before the Civil War. During the Antebellum decade, poor tenant farmers were a higher proportion of the population on the frontier than in the interior, but throughout the period, they were found in higher numbers in the central portion of the river valley. White tenants generally avoided the coastal plantation areas, although by 1880, that pattern seemed to be changing. Emancipation had tremendous impact on both black and white landless farmers. Although both groups were now theoretically competing for the same resource, productive crop land, their reactions during the first fifteen years were so different that it suggests two systems of tenant farming divided by caste. As population expansion put increasing pressure on the …
Date: December 1988
Creator: Harper, Cecil
Object Type: Thesis or Dissertation
System: The UNT Digital Library
[News Script: Airplane search] (open access)

[News Script: Airplane search]

Script from the WBAP-TV/NBC station in Fort Worth, Texas, relating a news story.
Date: July 26, 1972, 8:25 a.m.
Creator: WBAP-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
Object Type: Script
System: The UNT Digital Library
Bed-Slat Fastener. (open access)

Bed-Slat Fastener.

Patent for a new and useful bed slat fastener, including instructions and illustrations.
Date: August 16, 1898
Creator: Sonntag, Edwin C.
Object Type: Patent
System: The Portal to Texas History
Automatic Signal System (open access)

Automatic Signal System

Patent for an automatic signal system for use with railways. Illustrations included.
Date: December 14, 1909
Creator: Adams, Powell O.
Object Type: Patent
System: The Portal to Texas History
Clip (open access)

Clip

Patent for a clip that may be used to bind paper, plies of fabric, or as a clothes pin. Illustrations included.
Date: November 26, 1907
Creator: Porter, Louis H.
Object Type: Patent
System: The Portal to Texas History
Cattle-Guard (open access)

Cattle-Guard

Patent for a cattle guard for use at railroad tracks incorporating a depressible platform connected to a closing mechanism which will impede movement of cattle across the track, but allow for unobstructed movement at other times.
Date: March 20, 1906
Creator: Richter, Fred Otto & Richter, Gustav Adolph
Object Type: Patent
System: The Portal to Texas History
Cattle-Guard. (open access)

Cattle-Guard.

Patent for an improved cattle-guard by using a guard that has a plurality of spurs, should an animal step thereon its foot will be directed against one or more of these spurs, thus causing the animal to withdraw its foot and not attempt to pass over the rail. This will prevent the animal from crossing railway-tracks, but the spurs will not interfere with the free passage of trains. (Lines 10-20) Illustration is included.
Date: April 2, 1901
Creator: Steinmann, Herman Werner
Object Type: Patent
System: The Portal to Texas History
Clevis. (open access)

Clevis.

Patent for certain new and useful improvements in clevises, including instructions and illustrations.
Date: June 14, 1898
Creator: Taylor, George H.
Object Type: Patent
System: The Portal to Texas History
Animal-Trap (open access)

Animal-Trap

Patent for a cylinder shaped animal trap for small furry animals.
Date: February 25, 1913
Creator: Fikes, Benjamin M.
Object Type: Patent
System: The Portal to Texas History
Well-Drilling Machine. (open access)

Well-Drilling Machine.

Patent for “a new and improved well-drilling machine adapted to be driven by horse-power and arranged to permit of actuating the drilling tools for drilling purposes and to allow of conveniently and quickly raising the tools from the well…” (lines 8-14) including illustrations.
Date: November 18, 1902
Creator: Moore, Robert Burns
Object Type: Patent
System: The Portal to Texas History
Advertising Device. (open access)

Advertising Device.

Patent for certain new and useful improvements in advertising device, including instructions and illustrations.
Date: August 9, 1898
Creator: Hefley, Jefferson D.
Object Type: Patent
System: The Portal to Texas History
Apparatus for Cooling Milk. (open access)

Apparatus for Cooling Milk.

Patent for a new and useful apparatus for regulating the temperature of milk.
Date: April 26, 1898
Creator: Porter, Louis H.
Object Type: Patent
System: The Portal to Texas History

General Highway Map Milam County, Texas

Highway map of Milam County, Texas, showing rivers, lakes, creeks, streams, cities, towns, outlying buildings (including schools, churches, and post offices), roads, highways (giving mileage between points), bridges, railroads, cemeteries, oil or gas wells, oil fields, utility lines, petroleum pipelines, mines or quarries, urban compacts, and airfields. Map includes a key to counties diagram and an extensive legend indicating geographical and human-made features. Scale [ca. 1:126,720] (2 miles to the inch).
Date: 1961
Creator: Texas. Highway Department. Planning Survey Division.
Object Type: Map
System: The Portal to Texas History

The Cretaceous Area North of the Colorado River

Geologic map of a portion of South Texas, showing Cretaceous rocks divided into two sequences - lower Cretaceous series and upper Cretaceous series. Shows also Tertiary and Paleozoic rocks. The map also includes county lines, cities and towns, roads, railroads, bodies of water, and areas of elevation. Relief shown by contours and spot heights.
Date: unknown
Creator: Taff, J. A.; Leverett, S. & Dumble, Edwin Theodore
Object Type: Map
System: The Portal to Texas History

Milam Co.

Blue line print of survey map of Milam County, Texas, showing rivers, creeks, original land grants or surveys, cities, towns, and railroads. Handwritten notes have been made on the published map in pencil. Scale [ca. 1:200,000] (6000 varas to the inch).
Date: 1918
Creator: McDonald, H. F.
Object Type: Map
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Cameron Herald (Cameron, Tex.), Vol. 85, No. 24, Ed. 1 Thursday, September 28, 1944 (open access)

The Cameron Herald (Cameron, Tex.), Vol. 85, No. 24, Ed. 1 Thursday, September 28, 1944

Weekly newspaper from Cameron, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: September 28, 1944
Creator: White, Jefferson B.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Cameron Herald (Cameron, Tex.), Vol. 85, No. 18, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 10, 1944 (open access)

The Cameron Herald (Cameron, Tex.), Vol. 85, No. 18, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 10, 1944

Weekly newspaper from Cameron, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 10, 1944
Creator: White, Jefferson B.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Cameron Herald (Cameron, Tex.), Vol. 86, No. 1, Ed. 1 Thursday, April 12, 1945 (open access)

The Cameron Herald (Cameron, Tex.), Vol. 86, No. 1, Ed. 1 Thursday, April 12, 1945

Weekly newspaper from Cameron, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: April 12, 1945
Creator: White, Jefferson B.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Cameron Herald and Centinel (Cameron, Tex.), Vol. 86, No. 32, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 6, 1945 (open access)

The Cameron Herald and Centinel (Cameron, Tex.), Vol. 86, No. 32, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 6, 1945

Weekly newspaper from Cameron, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 6, 1945
Creator: White, Jefferson B.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Cameron Herald (Cameron, Tex.), Vol. 85, No. 50, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 29, 1945 (open access)

The Cameron Herald (Cameron, Tex.), Vol. 85, No. 50, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 29, 1945

Weekly newspaper from Cameron, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: March 29, 1945
Creator: White, Jefferson B.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Cameron Herald (Cameron, Tex.), Vol. 86, No. 14, Ed. 1 Thursday, July 26, 1945 (open access)

The Cameron Herald (Cameron, Tex.), Vol. 86, No. 14, Ed. 1 Thursday, July 26, 1945

Weekly newspaper from Cameron, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: July 26, 1945
Creator: White, Jefferson B.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Combined Shaft Holder and Wrench. (open access)

Combined Shaft Holder and Wrench.

Patent for a new and improved shaft-holder and wrench. This design "consist[s] of the arms having their lower ends tapered to form screw-drivers of different sizes, the heads on the upper ends of the arms, the jaws on the heads, and the threaded shaft attached to one of the arms and engaging a tapped aperture in the other arm" (lines 92-98).
Date: January 8, 1889
Creator: Nott, Henry W.
Object Type: Patent
System: The Portal to Texas History
Bird-Cage (open access)

Bird-Cage

Patent for "bird-cages of the circular kind, wherein the main-frame wires have a band at their lower ends and a single tie-wire arranged diametrically across the band. . .to utilize the single diametrical tie-wire as a support for an inverted interiorly screw-threaded connecting-cap, and to combine with such a device a pan" (lines 10-12 and 17-23).
Date: September 3, 1889
Creator: Coffield, Charles Hunter
Object Type: Patent
System: The Portal to Texas History
Clasp. (open access)

Clasp.

Patent for a new and improved clasp. This design "is to make a fastener for pieces of leather by which bridles and other parts of harness may be made with less stitching and riveting, thereby lessening the labor and cost of manufacture" (lines 15-20). To this end, it consists in "two plates, [one] having key-hole slots with beveled side walls, and the [other] carrying studs undercut . . . and provided with top pin, in combination with the spring-plate perforated . . . to receive [the] pin to form the leather clasp or fastening described" (lines 77-83).
Date: December 3, 1889
Creator: Waters, Richard H.
Object Type: Patent
System: The Portal to Texas History