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The Application of the "One Central Reason: Standard in Asylum and Withholding of Removal Cases
This report discusses asylum and withholding of removal immigration cases, and the application of the "one central reason" rule which dictates that asylum claimants demonstrate that an approved persecution grounds is one of the central reason they are claiming asylum. The same standard has been used in withholding of removal claim cases but a recent ruling by the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court stated that the "one central reason" rule does not apply to withholding of removal cases creating a split in opinion among courts.
Date:
December 18, 2017
Creator:
Smith, Hillel R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy
This report outlines the United Arab Emirates (UAE) governmental structure, economy, military, foreign policy, human rights issues and U.S. policies and relations with the UAE. Major areas of U.S. policy concerns discussed are the UAE's participation in the war in Yemen supporting Saudia Arabia and the current standoff with Quatar over alleged sponsorship of terrorism by Quatar in relation to the significant amount of U.S. military personnel based in the UAE.
Date:
August 18, 2017
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Federal Disaster Assistance Response and Recovery Programs: Brief Summaries
This report is designed to assist Members of Congress and their staff as they address the needs of their states, communities, and constituents after a disaster. It includes a summary of federal programs that provide federal disaster assistance to individual survivors, states, territories, local governments, and nongovernmental entities following a natural or man-made disaster.
Date:
July 18, 2017
Creator:
Torsell, Carolyn V. & Nagel, Jared C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Economic Impact of Infrastructure Investment
This report provides an overview of the trends surrounding infrastructure investment in the United States and examines the potential impact of additional infrastructure investments on economic output and employment.
Date:
July 18, 2017
Creator:
Stupak, Jeffrey M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
FY2018 Appropriations for Department of Justice Grant Programs
This report discusses the funding for a variety of grant programs through the Department of Justice (DOJ).
Date:
July 18, 2017
Creator:
James, Nathan
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Remedies for Patent Infringement
This report discusses the current legal system rules for patent infringement cases and current bills introduced in Congress related to patents.
Date:
July 18, 2017
Creator:
Thomas, John R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities-Background and Issues for Congress
This report provides background information and issues for Congress on China's naval modernization effort and its implications for U.S. Navy capabilities. The question of how the United States should respond to China's military modernization effort, including its naval modernization effort, is a key issue in U.S. defense planning and budgeting. Decisions that Congress reaches on this issue could affect U.S. Navy capabilities and funding requirements and the U.S. defense industrial base.
Date:
August 18, 2017
Creator:
O'Rourke, Ronald
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The National Science Foundation: Fiscal Year 2018 Appropriations and Funding History
This report describes selected items from the Trump Administration's FY2018 budget request for the National Science Foundation (NSF) and tracks legislative action on FY2018 appropriations to the agency. It also details selected measures proposed in the 115th Congress to authorize increases in NSF appropriations limits and presents information on historical funding for the agency.
Date:
December 18, 2017
Creator:
Harris, Laurie A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The 2006 U.S.-Canada Softwood Lumber Trade Agreement (SLA): In Brief
This report provides information and analysis on the 2006 Softwood Lumber Agreement (SLA) to provide background for current negotiations over softwood lumber.
Date:
May 18, 2017
Creator:
Hoover, Katie & Fergusson, Ian F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reid Vapor Pressure Requirements for Ethanol
This report discusses legislation (H.R. 1311, S. 517) regarding providing a waiver for ethanol-fuel blends containing greater than 10% ethanol (E15) from the Clean Air Act's (CAA) strict requirements on volatility of gasoline. This requirement currently prevents E15 gas from being sold during the summer. Major points of the legislation, various types of waivers and current rules under the CAA for gasoline and possible options for Congress are discussed.
Date:
May 18, 2017
Creator:
Bracmort, Kelsi
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Workers' Compensation: Overview and Issues
This report discusses workers' compensation programs including common elements and their history. Non-compulsory programs in Texas and Oklahoma are also discussed including the recent ruling that the system in Oklahoma violated their state constitution.
Date:
October 18, 2017
Creator:
Szymendara, Scott D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Factors Related to the Use of Planned Parenthood Affiliated Health Centers (PPAHCs) and Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs)
This report provides background information and data that may be useful for policymakers evaluating the recent debates regarding health services to disadvantaged populations at Planned Parenthood Health Centers (PPAHCs) and whether the same services could be offered at other health centers. Although a number of other facility types could potentially provide similar services as PPAHCs, this report focuses on federally qualified health centers (FQHCs)--a term used interchangeably with health centers or community health centers--because these facilities have been the focus of recent policy discussions, including the American Health Care Act of 2017 (H.R. 1628, AHCA) in the 115th Congress. This report provides information on three central dimensions of health care. For one health facility to begin to provide services to patients that had previously been seen at a different facility, one could argue that the receiving facility should provide similar services, serve a similar population, and be located in a similar geographic area.This report provides national-level data on these three dimensions.
Date:
May 18, 2017
Creator:
Heisler, Elayne J. & Elliott, Victoria L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress
This report provides an overview of Arctic-related issues for Congress, and refers readers to more in-depth CRS reports on specific Arctic-related issues. Some general issues include Arctic territorial disputes; commercial shipping through the Arctic; Arctic oil, gas, and mineral exploration; endangered Arctic species; and increased military operations in the Arctic, which could cause the region in coming years to become an arena of international cooperation or competition.
Date:
September 18, 2017
Creator:
O'Rourke, Ronald
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Temporarily Filling Presidentially Appointed, Senate-Confirmed Positions
This report discusses methods of temporarily filling presidentially appointed positions which require the advice and consent of the Senate through the use of special hiring rules for vacancies under the Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998, recess appointments, consultants, or interim appointments of personnel who were the next level down from the vacant position.
Date:
April 18, 2017
Creator:
Hogue, Henry B.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
OSHA State Plans: In Brief, with Examples from California and Arizona
This report discusses the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) requirements for state created plans that are used instead of the general federal requirements. A state plan from California that exceeds the federal requirements and a proposed state plan from Arizona that does not meet federal requirements are discussed as examples of different types of state plans.
Date:
April 18, 2017
Creator:
Szymendara, Scott D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Field Hearings: Fact Sheet on Purposes, Rules, Regulations, and Guidelines
This report outlines the basic facts on what a Congressional field hearing is and the rules authorizing and regulating them along with current examples of field hearings from the 115th Congress.
Date:
September 18, 2017
Creator:
Heitshusen, Valerie & Petersen, R. Eric
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Venezuela: Background and U.S. Policy
This report discusses the ongoing political, economic, and humanitarian crisis in Venezuela under President Nicolás Maduro and U.S. responses to it. It provides an overview of the political, economic, and social challenges Venezuela faces and analyzes U.S. policy concerns and actions regarding democracy and human rights, drug trafficking and money laundering, terrorism, and energy issues in Venezuela. The section on democracy and human rights includes U.S. support for OAS efforts regarding Venezuela. Proposals in the 115th Congress regarding Venezuela are also discussed.
Date:
October 18, 2017
Creator:
Seelke, Clare Ribando & Nelson, Rebecca M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Kurds in Iraq Propose Controversial Referendum on Independence
This report discusses the proposed Kurdish independence referendum set for September 25, 2017 and the opposition of the Iraqi and U.S. government to holding it at that time.
Date:
September 18, 2017
Creator:
Blanchard, Christopher M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC)
This report provides a brief description of the establishment, purposes, and organization of the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC).
Date:
August 18, 2017
Creator:
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities: Background and Issues for Congress
This report provides background information and issues for Congress on China's naval modernization effort and its implications for U.S. Navy capabilities. The question of how the United States should respond to China's military modernization effort, including its naval modernization effort, is a key issue in U.S. defense planning and budgeting. Many U.S. military programs for countering improving Chinese military forces (particularly its naval forces) fall within the U.S. Navy's budget.
Date:
September 18, 2017
Creator:
O'Rourke, Ronald
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iran Policy and the European Union
This report discusses the European Union's reaction to President Trump's announcement of a new strategy for Iran and that the U.S. would not re-certify Iran under the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act (INARA) which is separate from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) made in 2015. The European Union has expressed dismay with the announcement and urged support for the continued implementation of the JCPOA.
Date:
October 18, 2017
Creator:
Mix, Derek E. & Katzman, Kenneth
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Rescission of the Wet-Foot/Dry-Foot Policy as to Aliens from Cuba Raises Legal Questions
This report provides answers to frequently asked questions about the legal implications of the Obama Administration's changes in policy as to Cuban citizens and nationals with the announcement of the rescission of the wet-foot/dry-foot immigration policy.
Date:
January 18, 2017
Creator:
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
National Health Service Corps: Background, Funding, and Programs
This report discusses the National Health Service Corps (NHSC) a federal program which offers loan repayment and scholarships to physicians and other health professionals who agree to work at an approved clinic in a under-served area for at least two years. The report summarizes the National Health Service Corps's (NHSC) recruitment and retention programs, and the NHSC's funding trends from FY2010 through FY2017.
Date:
April 18, 2017
Creator:
Reyes-Akinbileje, Bernice
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Value of Energy Tax Incentives for Different Types of Energy Resources: In Brief
This report discusses past and current energy tax incentives and their effects. The following sections estimate the value of tax incentives relative to the level of energy produced using fossil and renewable energy resources. Before proceeding with the analysis, some limitations are outlined. The analysis itself requires quantification of energy production and energy tax incentives. Once data on energy production and energy tax incentives have been presented, the value of energy tax incentives can be evaluated relative to current levels of energy production. Trends in tax incentives are also discussed.
Date:
May 18, 2017
Creator:
Sherlock, Molly F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library