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MHD compressor---expander conversion system integrated with GCR inside a deployable reflector (open access)

MHD compressor---expander conversion system integrated with GCR inside a deployable reflector

This work originates from the proposal MHD Compressor-Expander Conversion System Integrated with a GCR Inside a Deployable Reflector''. The proposal concerned an innovative concept of nuclear, closed-cycle MHD converter for power generation on space-based systems in the multi-megawatt range. The basic element of this converter is the Power Conversion Unit (PCU) consisting of a gas core reactor directly coupled to an MHD expansion channel. Integrated with the PCU, a deployable reflector provides reactivity control. The working fluid could be either uranium hexafluoride or a mixture of uranium hexafluoride and helium, added to enhance the heat transfer properties. The original Statement of Work, which concerned the whole conversion system, was subsequently redirected and focused on the basic mechanisms of neutronics, reactivity control, ionization and electrical conductivity in the PCU. Furthermore, the study was required to be inherently generic such that the study was required to be inherently generic such that the analysis an results can be applied to various nuclear reactor and/or MHD channel designs''.
Date: April 20, 1989
Creator: Tuninetti, G. (Ansaldo S.p.A., Genoa (Italy). Research Div.); Botta, E.; Criscuolo, C.; Riscossa, P. (Ansaldo S.p.A., Genoa (Italy). Nuclear Div.); Giammanco, F. (Pisa Univ. (Italy). Dipt. di Fisica) & Rosa-Clot, M. (Florence Univ. (Italy). Dipt. di Fisica)
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fire and explosion hazards of oil shale (open access)

Fire and explosion hazards of oil shale

The US Bureau of Mines publication presents the results of investigations into the fire and explosion hazards of oil shale rocks and dust. Three areas have been examined: the explosibility and ignitability of oil shale dust clouds, the fire hazards of oil shale dust layers on hot surfaces, and the ignitability and extinguishment of oil shale rubble piles. 10 refs., 54 figs., 29 tabs.
Date: January 1, 1989
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
An MS-DOS-based program for analyzing plutonium gamma-ray spectra (open access)

An MS-DOS-based program for analyzing plutonium gamma-ray spectra

A plutonium gamma-ray analysis system that operates on MS-DOS-based computers has been developed for the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to perform in-field analysis of plutonium gamma-ray spectra for plutonium isotopics. The user interacts with the system by means of menus and screens that allow the user to select various applications and to enter information pertinent to a measurement. This information, along with the plutonium weight-percent-abundance results from the data analysis, is stored in dBASE III files. The spectral-data-analysis program, IAEAPU, determines the relative plutonium isotopic abundances from gamma-ray peaks in the 110- to 390-keV region of the spectral data. The program is compact so that it may be used on a portable, battery-operated, laptop, personal computer (PC) that uses a 3-1/2-in. floppy diskette. This is intended to be the final report on this work. We describe in detail the data-analysis methodology, the software, and the operation of the plutonium gamma-ray analysis system. 10 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.
Date: September 7, 1989
Creator: Ruhter, W. D. & Buckley, W. M.
System: The UNT Digital Library
A historical review of portable health physics instruments and their use in radiation protection programs at Hanford, 1944 through 1988 (open access)

A historical review of portable health physics instruments and their use in radiation protection programs at Hanford, 1944 through 1988

This historical review covers portable health physics instruments at Hanford from an applications viewpoint. The review provides information on specific instruments and on the general kinds of facility work environments in which the instruments have been and are being used. It provides a short, modestly technical explanation of the types of nuclear radiations, the way radiation units are quantified, and the types of nuclear radiations, the way radiation units are quantified, and the types of detection media used in portable health physics instruments. This document does not, however, cover the history of the entire Hanford program that was required to develop and/or modify the subject instruments. 11 refs., 34 figs., 2 tabs.
Date: September 1, 1989
Creator: Howell, W. P.; Kenoyer, J. L.; Kress, M. L.; Swinth, K. L.; Corbit, C. D.; Zuerner, L. V. et al.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Methane oxidation over dual redox catalysts (open access)

Methane oxidation over dual redox catalysts

The objective of this research is to develop approaches to direct catalytic oxidation of methane over oxides that are doubly doped with transition metal ions. The desired process aims at employing a double redox mechanism, where one redox couple is utilized for activation of oxygen and another for the trapping of CH{sub 3} radicals. The methyl radicals can either recombine, giving C{sub 2} hydrocarbons, or be converted, via electron transfer reaction, to carbocations. The latter species can react with surface OH{sup {minus}} groups to form methanol or formaldehyde. To choose from several possible catalytic systems, this research initially involved the characterization of the micromorphology and crystalline dimensions of zinc oxide catalysts doped with Cu, Fe, and Sn by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the determination of surface composition and oxidation states by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was carried out. A newly constructed high temperature catalytic testing system has been calibrated (flow meters and temperature controllers), tested for possible gas leaks and integrated with a gas chromatographic analytical unit. A preliminary catalytic test study over a Cu/Fe/ZnO sample was performed. The following products of the methane coupling reaction was found: C{sub 2}H{sub 6}, C{sub 2}H{sub 4} and H{sub 2}O together with CO{sub …
Date: September 1, 1989
Creator: Klier, Kamil; Herman, Richard G. & Sojka, Zbigniew
System: The UNT Digital Library
Modeling of Integrated Environmental Control Systems for Coal-Fired Power Plants Quarterly Report: June-September 1989 (open access)

Modeling of Integrated Environmental Control Systems for Coal-Fired Power Plants Quarterly Report: June-September 1989

The general goal of this research project is to enhance, and transfer to DOE, a new computer simulation model for analyzing the performance and cost of environmental control systems for coal-fired power plants. Systems utilizing pre-combustion, combustion, or post-combustion control methods, individually or in combination, may be considered. A unique capability of this model is the probabilistic representation of uncertainty in model input parameters. This stochastic simulation capability allows the performance and cost of environmental control systems to be quantified probabilistically, accounting for the interactions among all uncertain process and economic parameters. This method facilitates more rigorous comparisons between conventional and advanced clean coal technologies promising improved cost and/or effectiveness for SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x} removal. Detailed modeling of several pre-combustion and post-combustion processes of interest to DOE/PETC have been selected for analysis as part of this project.
Date: October 1, 1989
Creator: Rubin, E. S.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of filter media for clarification of partially dissolved residues containing plutonium (open access)

Evaluation of filter media for clarification of partially dissolved residues containing plutonium

A common process in the chemical industry employs the leaching of a desirable component from an insoluble substrate, followed by filtration to produce a clarified solution of the desirable component and a discardable residue. The work described here involved evaluating sintered metal filter media for separating dissolved plutonium from undissolved residues generated at various locations owned by the Department of Energy throughout the United States. The work was performed during a six-week assignment at the Savannah River Laboratory as part of a high school science enrichment program conducted in the summer of 1989. The leach step used included dissolving the plutonium-containing solids in a solution of nitric-hydrofluoric acid. To simulate the partial solubility of the actual plutonium-containing residues, a non-radioactive power plant flyash was used. 6 refs., 14 figs., 1 tab.
Date: October 9, 1989
Creator: Foley, E.S.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Compendium of federal and state radioactive materials transportation laws and regulations: Transportation Legislative Database (TLDB) (open access)

Compendium of federal and state radioactive materials transportation laws and regulations: Transportation Legislative Database (TLDB)

The Transportation Legislative Database (TLDB) is an on-line information service containing detailed information on legislation and regulations regarding the transportation of radioactive materials in the United States. The system is dedicated to serving the legislative and regulatory information needs of the US Department of Energy and other federal agencies; state, tribal, and local governments; the hazardous materials transportation industry; and interested members of the general public. In addition to the on-line information service, quarterly and annual Legal Developments Reports are produced using information from the TLDB. These reports summarize important changes in federal and state legislation, regulations, administrative agency rulings, and judicial decisions over the reporting period. Information on significant legal developments at the tribal and local levels is also included on an as-available basis. Battelle's Office of Transportation Systems and Planning (OTSP) will also perform customized searches of the TLDB and produce formatted printouts in response to specific information requests.
Date: October 1, 1989
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
High accuracy electron-impact photoemission cross section measurements for the EUV radiometric standard (open access)

High accuracy electron-impact photoemission cross section measurements for the EUV radiometric standard

This project was concerned with high-accuracy measurements of electron-impact photoemission cross sections for transitions of atoms and molecules in the EUV spectral region (30 nm to 200 nm). The spectrometer-detector system that was employed in the measurements was calibrated using well-parameterized synchrotron radiation. The 58.4 resonance line of He was chosen to establish the overall accuracy of the apparatus and data collection procedures. The measurement of this line can be compared to accurate theoretical calculations and to one other experimental cross section measurement in which a different excitation channel was observed.
Date: January 1, 1989
Creator: Risley, J. S.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Upgrade of the Proton West secondary beamline (open access)

Upgrade of the Proton West secondary beamline

As originally designed and operated, protons entering PW6 were steered by a series of EPB dipoles into a single interaction length beryllium target, some 43 feet from the enclosure wall. Ensuing secondary beams, either p{sup +}/{pi}{sup +} or p{sup -}/{pi}{sup -}, were collected by a string of quadrupoles following the target, steered westward, away from the Proton Center line, through PW6 and PW7, and ultimately focussed on experiment production targets located within the large PW8 hall. Around the Spring of 1988 it was decided to upgrade the existing Proton West secondary beamline to allow for transport of a primary proton beam, anticipated to be either 800 or 900 GeV/c, through PW8. This upgrade project, which is now nearing completion, was largely motivated by the then recent approval of E-771, a hadronic beauty production experiment located in PW8. E-771 represents the third in a series of experiments for the large-acceptance dimuon spectrometer presently located at the end of the Proton West beamline. This Technical Memo is a summary of the upgrade --- an explanation of the underlying strategy and a documentation of the final locations of the secondary beamline elements. 6 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.
Date: October 10, 1989
Creator: Spiegel, L.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Development and process evaluation of improved Fischer-Tropsch slurry catalysts (open access)

Development and process evaluation of improved Fischer-Tropsch slurry catalysts

The objective of this contract is to develop a consistent technical data base on the use of iron-based catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis reactions. This data base will be developed to allow the unambiguous comparison of the performance of these catalysts with each other and with state-of-the-art iron catalyst compositions. Particular attention will be devoted to generating reproducible kinetic and selectivity data and to developing reproducible improved catalyst compositions.
Date: January 1, 1989
Creator: Withers, H.P. (Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, PA (United States)); Bukur, D.B. & Rosynek, M.P. (Texas A and M Univ., College Station, TX (United States))
System: The UNT Digital Library
Raman microprobe investigation of molecular structure and organization in the native state of woody tissue (open access)

Raman microprobe investigation of molecular structure and organization in the native state of woody tissue

Although the primary emphasis of our program has remained with the application of Raman spectroscopy to the study of native tissue, the scope of the work has been expanded to include a number of complementary approaches. These have included Solid State 13C NMR, autoradiography of radiolabeled woody tissue sections, and the generation of biomimetic tertiary aggregates which simulate states of aggregation characteristic of cell walls. Our Raman spectroscopic studies have resulted in progress in the areas of interpretation of the spectral features, and confirmation of the variability of the patterns of orientation of lignin reported earlier. We have assembled and made operational our new microprobe and spectrometer systems acquired under the DOE-URIP program. We have also demonstrated that, operating with gated detection and pulsed laser excitation, we can discriminate against the laser-excited fluorescence characteristic of most woody tissue. Our studies of celluloses, which combine Raman spectroscopy and 13C NMR have shown that all native celluloses are composites of two forms which have the same secondary structure but different tertiary structures.
Date: August 1, 1989
Creator: Atalla, R.H.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Combustion characterization of beneficiated coal-based fuels (open access)

Combustion characterization of beneficiated coal-based fuels

This three-year research project at Combustion Engineering, Inc. (CE) will assess the potential economic and environmental benefits derived from coal beneficiation by various advanced cleaning processes. The objectives of this program include the development of a detailed generic engineering database, comprised of fuel combustion and ash performance data on beneficiated coal-based fuels (BCFs), which is needed to permit broad application. This technical database will provide detailed information on fundamental fuel properties influencing combustion and mineral matter behavior as well as quantitative performance data on combustion, ash deposition, ash erosion, particulate collection, and gaseous and particulate emissions. Program objectives also address the application of this technical database to predict performance impacts associated with firing BCFs in various commercial boiler designs as well as assessment of the economic implications of BCF utilization. Additionally, demonstration of this technology, with respect to large-scale fuel preparation, firing equipment operation, fuel performance, environmental impacts, and verification of prediction methodology, will be provided during field testing. Twenty fuels will be characterized during the three-year base program: three feed coals, fifteen BCFs, and two conventionally cleaned coals for the field test. Approximately nine BCFs will be in dry ultra fine coal (DUC) form, and six BCFs will be …
Date: December 1, 1989
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Arsenic Removal From Gaseous Streams (open access)

Arsenic Removal From Gaseous Streams

Uranium feed materials, depending on the production process, have been found to contain arsenic (As) as a contaminant. Analyses show the As to be present as As pentafluoride (AsF{sub 5}) and/or hexafluoroarsenic acid (HAsF{sub 6}) and enter the enrichment cycle through contaminated hydrogen fluoride (HF). Problems related to corrosion of cylinder valves and plugging of feed lines and valves have been attributed to the As. Techniques to separate AsF{sub 5} from uranium hexafluoride (UF{sub 6}) using sodium fluoride (NaF) as a trapping media were successful and will be discussed. Procedures to significantly reduce (up to 97%) the level of As in HF will also be reported. 5 figs., 9 tabs.
Date: November 22, 1989
Creator: Russell, R. G. & Otey, M. G.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction Project Monthly Report (open access)

Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction Project Monthly Report

This monthly report summarizes the technical progress and project status for the Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction Project being conducted at Pacific Northwest Laboratory under the direction of a Technical Steering Panel.
Date: December 1, 1989
Creator: Dennis, B.S. (comp.)
System: The UNT Digital Library
Results of the radiological survey at 15 John Street, Lodi, New Jersey (LJ087) (open access)

Results of the radiological survey at 15 John Street, Lodi, New Jersey (LJ087)

Maywood Chemical Works (MCW) of Maywood, New Jersey, generated process wastes and residues associated with the production and refining of thorium and thorium compounds from monazite ores from 1916 to 1956. MCW supplied rare earth metals and thorium compounds to the Atomic Energy Commission and various other government agencies from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s. Area residents used the sandlike waste from this thorium extraction process mixed with tea and cocoa leaves as mulch in their yards. Some of these contaminated wastes were also eroded from the site into Lodi Brook. At the request of the US Department of Energy (DOE), a group from Oak Ridge National Laboratory conducts investigative radiological surveys of properties in the vicinity of MCW to determine whether a property is contaminated with radioactive residues, principally {sup 232}Th, derived from the MCW site. The survey typically includes direct measurement of gamma radiation levels and soil sampling for radionuclide analyses. The survey of this site, 15 John Street, Lodi, New Jersey (LJ087), was conducted during 1988. 5 refs., 3 figs., 3 tabs.
Date: December 1, 1989
Creator: Foley, R.D. & Floyd, L.M.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Enhanced durability and reactivity for zinc ferrite desulfurization sorbent (open access)

Enhanced durability and reactivity for zinc ferrite desulfurization sorbent

AMAX Research Development Center (AMAX R D) has been investigating methods for enhancing the reactivity and durability of the zinc ferrite desulfurization sorbent. Zinc ferrite sorbents are intended for use in desulfurization of hot coal gas in integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) or molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) applications. For the present program, the reactivity of the sorbent may be defined as its sulfur sorption capacity at the breakthrough point and at saturation in a bench-scale, fixed-bed reactor. Durability may be defined as the ability of the sorbent to maintain important physical characteristics such As size, strength, and specific surface area during 10 cycles of sulfidation and oxidation.
Date: May 2, 1989
Creator: Jha, M. C. & Berggren, M. H.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Pulse atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (open access)

Pulse atmospheric fluidized bed combustion

The overall objective of the program is the development of a pulsed atmospheric fluidized-bed combustion (PAFBC) technology to burn coal and to provide heat and steam to commercial, institutional, and small industrial applications at a reasonable price in an environmentally acceptable manner. During this reporting period, a total of eight shakedown and debugging coal combustion tests were performed in the AFBC. A start-up procedure was established, system improvements implemented, and preliminary material and heat balances made based on these tests. The pulse combustor for the AFBC system was fabricated and installed and a series of tests was conducted on the system. 17 figs., 5 tabs.
Date: March 1, 1989
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Aromatics oxidation and soot formation in flames (open access)

Aromatics oxidation and soot formation in flames

Work during this contract period has been concerned with the mechanisms through which aromatics are formed and destroyed in flames, and the processes responsible for soot formation. Recent progress has been primarily in two areas: experiments and modeling of the soot nucleation process in low pressure benzene flames and preparation for experiments on the destruction mechanisms of benzene. In addition, we have incorporated weak collision'' formalisms into a fall-off computer code.
Date: January 1, 1989
Creator: Howard, J. B.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Establishment and maintenance of a coal sample bank and data base (open access)

Establishment and maintenance of a coal sample bank and data base

During the current reporting period a total of 139 samples (46 DOE Sample Bank samples and 93 other Penn State samples) of various sizes were distributed. Sixty-three of the samples were distributed to DOE or its contractors; 76 were distributed to other agencies. A total of 88 data printouts were distributed. In addition, seven special data requests were fulfilled by either search/sort and printout or creation of a data disk. Several preliminary requests for Sample Bank and Data Base information have also been handled.
Date: April 19, 1989
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Characterizing source regions with signal subspace methods: Theory and computational methods (open access)

Characterizing source regions with signal subspace methods: Theory and computational methods

A mathematical approach is developed for empirically characterizing a given source region using waveforms from a collection of calibration events. A region is considered to be adequately characterized if the waveforms from any event in the source region can be represented as a linear combination of calibration event waveforms. The purpose of such characterizations is to build waveform recognizers'' for specific regions for precision location applications, and to provide a means of separating superimposed waveforms from multiple events in different source regions. The particular form of characterization used is insensitive to variations in the source time function and to anything but changes from the normal range of source mechanisms encountered in the source region. The standard waveform correlation coefficient used to estimate event clustering is generalized to estimate separation between single events and event clusters, and between two clusters of events. The generalized correlation coefficient is insensitive to variations in source time function and, to some extent, mechanism. The statistics of waveform correlation coefficients are developed, and show that conventional estimates made from single station data are often developed for network or array data removes the ambiguity. 23 refs., 4 figs.
Date: December 1, 1989
Creator: Harris, D. B.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Seismic fragility analysis of buried steel piping at P, L, and K reactors (open access)

Seismic fragility analysis of buried steel piping at P, L, and K reactors

Analysis of seismic strength of buried cooling water piping in reactor areas is necessary to evaluate the risk of reactor operation because seismic events could damage these buried pipes and cause loss of coolant accidents. This report documents analysis of the ability of this piping to withstand the combined effects of the propagation of seismic waves, the possibility that the piping may not behave in a completely ductile fashion, and the distortions caused by relative displacements of structures connected to the piping.
Date: October 1, 1989
Creator: Wingo, H.E.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Modeling of Integrated Environmental Control Systems for Coal-Fired Power Plants: Conventional Froth Flotation for the IEC Coal Cleaning Plant Model (open access)

Modeling of Integrated Environmental Control Systems for Coal-Fired Power Plants: Conventional Froth Flotation for the IEC Coal Cleaning Plant Model

This report describes the addition of a conventional froth flotation circuit into the FORTRAN coal cleaning module of the Integrated Environmental Control (IEC) model. The purpose of this modification is to include froth flotation as an option to clean the coal fines. The current model has three beneficiation: levels (2, 3, and 4) in which different streams are washed by specific gravity equipment. Level 2 washes only the coarse stream. Level 3 washes the coarse and medium streams. Level 4 washes the coarse, medium, and fine streams. This modification adds a fifth level, which uses specific gravity equipment to wash the coarse and medium streams and froth flotation equipment for the fine stream. The specific size fractions in each stream are specified by the model user. As before, the model optimizes the yield of each circuit in order to achieve a target coal quality for the cleaned coal product.
Date: January 1, 1989
Creator: Rubin, E. S.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Surface electrochemical control for the fine coal and pyrite separation (open access)

Surface electrochemical control for the fine coal and pyrite separation

Ongoing work includes the characterization of coal pyrites, the floatability evaluation of typical US coal samples, the flotation behavior of coal pyrites, the electrochemical measurement of the surface properties of coal pyrites, and the characterization of species produced at pyrite surfaces.
Date: January 1, 1989
Creator: Chen, Wanxiong; Hu, Weibai; Wann, Jyi-Perng; Zhu, Ximeng & Wadsworth, M. E.
System: The UNT Digital Library