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Establishment of viscometer capability for geopressured fluids. Project 61024 final report, November 19, 1978-December 31, 1979
The feasibility of modifying the IGT capillary viscometer for the measurement of methane-saturated brines at 10,000 psi and 200/sup 0/C was evaluated. The viscometer was cleaned, modified, reassembled and pressure treated. The density cells were calibrated to a precision of approximately 7%. The viscosity of pure value was measured and the best value obtained was 6% below values reported in the literature. The operation of the viscometer was time-consuming and required meticulous cleaning between experiments. Some corrosion at the mercury surface interfered with the efficient operation of the timing device. Other problems were encountered due to gas bubbles trapped in the capillary flow path. Consequently, data on methane-saturated brine could not be obtained within the funding limitations of this program. It is concluded that further work on the existing viscometer would not be cost-effective.
Date:
October 1, 1980
Creator:
Rockar, E. & Randolph, P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Final Report of Modeling of CWM Droplet Combustion
The objective of the present study was to develop a one-dimensional, unsteady state model for coal-water mixture droplet combustion, and to compare the characteristic times for the various processes, such as water vaporization, devolatilization and char oxidation with available experimental data. A water film surrounding a spherical coal particle is considered to undergo vaporization by heat transfer from the hot air. After the water vaporization is complete, devolatilization begins. This process is assumed to be kinetically controlled. Water vaporization and devolatilization processes are modeled by using a hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian method to obtain the properties of the gas-phase and the condensed-phase. An explicit finite difference scheme is used to solve the Eulerian gas-phase equation where as a Runga-Kutta scheme is employed to solve the Lagrangian condensed-phase equations. The predicted characteristic times for water vaporization is in good agreement with values proposed in the literature. At the present time there is insufficient data to draw any conclusions on the model. Methods are proposed to refine the simple kinetic model which takes into account pore diffusion and mass transfer for devolatilization and char oxidation. 9 references, 12 figures.
Date:
October 1, 1983
Creator:
Pandalai, Krish; Aggarwal, Suresh & Sirignano, William
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Joining of ceramics for high performance energy systems. Mid-term progress report, August 1, 1979-March 31, 1980
The subject program is primarily an exploratory and demonstration study of the use of silicate glass-based adhesives for bonding silicon-base refractory ceramics (SiC, Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/). The projected application is 1250 to 2050/sup 0/F relaxing joint service in high-performance energy conversion systems. The five program tasks and their current status are as follows. Task 1 - Long-Term Joint Stability. Time-temperature-transformation studies of candidate glass adhesives, out to 2000 hours simulated service exposure, are half complete. Task 2 - Environmental and Service Effects on Joint Reliability. Start up delayed due to late delivery of candidate glass fillers and ceramic specimens. Task 3 - Viscoelastic Damping of Glass Bonded Ceramics. Promising results obtained over approximately the same range of glass viscosity required for joint relaxation function (10/sup 7.5/ to 10/sup 9.5/ poise). Work is 90% complete. Task 4 - Crack Arrest and Crack Diversion by Joints. No work started due to late arrival of materials. Task 5 - Improved Joining and Fabrication Methods. Significant work has been conducted in the area of refractory pre-glazing and the application and bonding of high-density candidate glass fillers (by both hand-artisan and slip-spray techniques). Work is half complete.
Date:
October 6, 1980
Creator:
Smeltzer, C E & Metcalfe, A G
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Potential for efficient frequency conversion at high average power using solid state nonlinear optical materials
High-average-power frequency conversion using solid state nonlinear materials is discussed. Recent laboratory experience and new developments in design concepts show that current technology, a few tens of watts, may be extended by several orders of magnitude. For example, using KD*P, efficient doubling (>70%) of Nd:YAG at average powers approaching 100 KW is possible; and for doubling to the blue or ultraviolet regions, the average power may approach 1 MW. Configurations using segmented apertures permit essentially unlimited scaling of average power. High average power is achieved by configuring the nonlinear material as a set of thin plates with a large ratio of surface area to volume and by cooling the exposed surfaces with a flowing gas. The design and material fabrication of such a harmonic generator are well within current technology.
Date:
October 28, 1985
Creator:
Eimerl, D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Laser annealing of ion implanted CZ silicon for solar cell junction formation. Quarterly report No. 2
Results on a contract to evaluate the merits of large spot size pulsed laser annealing of ion implanted silicon wafers for junction formation in solar cells are reported. Investigations on homogenization of the laser beam were continued. In addition to the 30 mm diameter fused silica rod with a 90/sup 0/ bend configuration, quartz tubes were obtained and briefly tried. Best results were obtained with the rod homogenizer. Laser annealing experimentation resulted in complete recrystallization of ion implanted silicon substrates as confirmed by TEM and RBS analysis. Single pulse laser annealed, functional cells (2 x 2cm) were fabricated using varying process conditions, yielding conversion efficiencies predominantly in the 13% to slightly less than 15%.
Date:
October 1, 1980
Creator:
Katzeff, J. S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Thermal energy storage for power generation
Studies strongly indicate that the United States will face widespread electrical power constraints in the 1990s, with most regions of the country experiencing capacity shortages by the year 2000. In many cases, the demand for increased power will occur during intermediate and peak demand periods. Much of this demand is expected to be met by oil- and natural gas-fired Brayton cycle turbines and combined-cycle plants. While natural gas is currently plentiful and reasonably priced, the availability of an economical long-term coal-fired option for peak and intermediate load power generation will give electric power utilities an option in case either the availability or cost of natural gas should deteriorate. 54 refs., 5 figs., 17 tabs.
Date:
October 1, 1989
Creator:
Drost, M. K.; Antoniak, Z. I.; Brown, D. R. & Sathyanarayana, K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Continuing development of the DEROB system. Quarterly report, July 1, 1980-September 30, 1980
The last module of the DEROB System has been reprogrammed and recoded in an effort to reduce the computational time and cost associated with using DEROB. Some preliminary tests have been carried out on the new program, and the tentative results show that the time of execution can be reduced anywhere from 7% to 40% of the time required by the previous version of DEROB. The variability in the improvement arises from the options specified by the user. Additional tests are being carried out to debug the program. When these are completed, a copy of the new code will be sent to the technical monitors at SERI. This report outlines the structure of the new program, derives the general form of the heat transfer equations used in this new version, and describes the properties of the convergence accelerator derived for this new version of DEROB.
Date:
October 1, 1980
Creator:
Arumi-Noe, F
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analytical model for a vertical buoyant jet
An analytical model for a round and two-dimensional turbulent buoyant jet which is discharged vertically into a stagnant ambient is developed. The buoyant jet is considered to have three separate zone models which are matched to form a complete solution. The velocity field is determined for the entire jet and plume regions by the use of an eddy viscosity which varies along the axis of the jet. The centerline decay of buoyancy is determined throughout and the results are compared to existing numerical codes. The model is applied to the disposal of carbon dioxide enriched seawater. The results can be used to provide design information for minimizing or maximizing the dilution of a discharge by the receiving environment.
Date:
October 1, 1980
Creator:
Lee, D. W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Performance estimates for personnel access control systems
Current performance estimates for personnel access control systems use estimates of Type I and Type II verification errors. A system performance equation which addresses normal operation, the insider, and outside adversary attack is developed. Examination of this equation reveals the inadequacy of classical Type I and II error evaluations which require detailed knowledge of the adversary threat scenario for each specific installation. Consequently, new performance measures which are consistent with the performance equation and independent of the threat are developed as an aid in selecting personnel access control systems.
Date:
October 1, 1980
Creator:
Bradley, R. G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
FEMWATER: a finite-element model of water flow through saturated-unsaturated porous media
Upon examining the Water Movement Through Saturated-Unsaturated Porous Media: A Finite-Element Galerkin Model, it was felt that the model should be modified and expanded. The modification is made in calculating the flow field in a manner consistent with the finite element approach, in evaluating the moisture-content increasing rate within the region of interest, and in numerically computing the nonlinear terms. With these modifications, the flow field is continuous everywhere in the flow regime, including element boundaries and nodal points, and the mass loss through boundaries is much reduced. Expansion is made to include four additional numerical schemes which would be more appropriate for many situations. Also, to save computer storage, all arrays pertaining to the boundary condition information are compressed to smaller dimension, and to ease the treatment of different problems, all arrays are variably dimensioned in all subroutines. This report is intended to document these efforts. In addition, in the derivation of finite-element equations, matrix component representation is used, which is believed more readable than the matrix representation in its entirety. Two identical sample problems are simulated to show the difference between the original and revised models.
Date:
October 1, 1980
Creator:
Yeh, G.T. & Ward, D.S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Research on human genetics in Iceland. Progress report
Records of the Icelandic Population are being used to investigate the possible inheritance of disabilities and diseases as well as other characters and the effect of environment on man. The progress report of research covers the period 1977 to 1980. The investigation was begun in 1965 by the Genetical Committee of the University of Iceland and the materials used are demographic records from the year 1840 to present and various medical information. The records are being computerized and linked together to make them effective for use in hereditary studies.
Date:
October 31, 1980
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Light-Weight Radioisotope Heater Unit Safety Analysis Report (LWRHU-SAR). Volume I. A. Introduction and executive summary. B. Reference Design Document (RDD)
The orbiter and probe portions of the NASA Galileo spacecraft contain components which require auxiliary heat during the mission. To meet these needs, the Department of Energy's (DOE's) Office of Special Nuclear Projects (OSNP) has sponsored the design, fabrication, and testing of a one-watt encapsulated plutonium dioxide-fueled thermal heater named the Light-Weight Radioisotope Heater Unit (LWRHU). This report addresses the radiological risks which might be encountered by people both at the launch area and worldwide should postulate mission failures or malfunctions occur, which would result in the release of the LWRHUs to the environment. Included are data from the design, mission descriptions, postulated accidents with their consequences, test data, and the derived source terms and personnel exposures for the various events.
Date:
October 1, 1985
Creator:
Johnson, E. W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Summary of HTGR (high-temperature gas-cooled reactor) benchmark data from the high temperature lattice test reactor
The High Temperature Lattice Test Reactor (HTLTR) was a unique critical facility specifically built and operated to measure variations in neutronic characteristics of high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR) lattices at temperatures up to 1000{degree}C. The Los Alamos National Laboratory commissioned Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) to prepare this summary reference report on the HTLTR benchmark data and its associated documentation. In the initial stages of the program, the principle of the measurement of k{sub {infinity}} using the unpoisoned technique (developed by R.E. Heineman of PNL) was subjected to extensive peer review within PNL and the General Atomic Company. A number of experiments were conducted at PNL in the Physical Constants Testing Reactor (PCTR) using both the unpoisoned technique and the well-established null reactivity technique that substantiated the equivalence of the measurements by direct comparison. Records of all data from fuel fabrication, the reactor experiments, and the analytical results were compiled and maintained to meet applicable quality assurance standards in place at PNL. Sensitivity of comparisons between measured and calculated k{sub {infinity}}(T) data for various HTGR lattices to changes in neutron cross section data, graphite scattering kernel models, and fuel block loading variations, were analyzed by PNL for the Electric Power …
Date:
October 1, 1989
Creator:
Newman, D.F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Three novel tokamak plasma regimes in TFTR
Aside from extending ''standard'' ohmic and neutral beam heating studies to advanced plasma parameters, TFTR has encountered a number of special plasma regimes that have the potential to shed new light on the physics of tokamak confinement and the optimal design of future D-T facilities: (1) High-powered, neutral beam heating at low plasma densities can maintain a highly reactive hot-ion population (with quasi-steady-state beam fueling and current drive) in a tokamak configuration of modest bulk-plasma confinement requirements. (2) Plasma displacement away from limiter contact lends itself to clarification of the role of edge-plasma recycling and radiation cooling within the overall pattern of tokamak heat flow. (3) Noncentral auxiliary heating (with a ''hollow'' power-deposition profile) should serve to raise the central tokamak plasma temperature without deterioration of central region confinement, thus facilitating the study of alpha-heating effects in TFTR. The experimental results of regime (3) support the theory that tokamak profile consistency is related to resistive kink stability and that the global energy confinement time is determined by transport properties of the plasma edge region.
Date:
October 1, 1985
Creator:
Furth, H.P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Low-cost solar array project. Task I. Silicon material. Investigation of the hydrogenation of SiCl/sub 4/
Reaction kinetic measurements on the hydrochlorination of SiCl/sub 4/ and m.g. silicon metal were last reported as a function of reaction temperature, reactor pressure, H/sub 2//SiCl/sub 4/ ratio and silicon metal particle size distribution, 3 SiCl/sub 4/ + 2 H/sub 2/ + Si reversible 4 SiHCl/sub 3/. The effect of impurities in the m.g. silicon metal on the rate of this reaction has been investigated in this quarter. The m.g. silicon was replaced with high purity, electronic grade silicon metal in the hydrochlorination reaction. With electronic grade Si, the reaction rate was found to be about one order of magnitude slower than those obtained with m.g. silicon metal. These metallic impurities in the m.g. silicon appear to have a catalytic effect. Addition of 5 wt% cuprous chloride to the electronic grade Si mass bed increased the reaction rate to the same level as those obtained with m.g. silicon with 5% CuCl added. The effect of prolonged reaction time on the hydrochlorination reaction was studied. The plan is to run the reaction for long periods of time with the objective of studying the life of the Si mass bed. No significant change in the reaction rate was observed after about 80 …
Date:
October 7, 1980
Creator:
Mui, J. Y. P. & Seyferth, D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced development of a pressurized ash agglomerating fluidized-bed coal gasification system. Quarterly progress report, April 1-June 30, 1982
The overall objective of the Westinghouse coal gasification program is to demonstrate the viability of the Westinghouse pressurized, fluidized bed, gasification system for the production of medium-Btu fuel gas for syngas, electrical power generation, chemical feedstocks, or industrial fuels and to obtain performance and scaleup data for the process and hardware. Progress reports are presented for the following tasks: (1) operation and maintenance of the process development unit (PDU); (2) process analysis; (3) cold flow scaleup facility; (4) process and component engineering and design; and (5) laboratory support studies. Some of the highlights for this period are: TP-032-1, a single stage, oxygen-steam blown gasifier test was conducted in three operational phases from March 30, 1982 through May 2, 1982; TP-032-2 was conducted in two operational phases from May 20, 1982 through May 27, 1982; TP-032-1 and TP-032-2 successfully served as shakedown and demonstrations of the full cyclone cold wall; no visible deposits were found on the cold wall after processing highly fouling coals; samples of product gas produced during TP-032-1, were passed through four different scrubbing solutions and analyzed for 78 EPA primary organic pollutants, all of which were found to be below detection limits; TP-M004, a CO/sub 2/ tracer …
Date:
October 21, 1982
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Extended characterization of M-Area settling basin and vicinity. Technical data summary. Revision
The Savannah River Plant M-Area settling basin, an unlined surface impoundment, has received process effluents from the M-Area fuel and target fabrication facilities since 1958. The waste effluents have contained metal degreasing agents (chlorinated hydrocarbons), acids, caustics, and heavy metals. Data analyses are provided.
Date:
October 1, 1985
Creator:
Pickett, J B
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Application of the graphical unitary group approach to the energy second derivative for CI wave functions via the coupled perturbed CI equations
Analytic derivatives of the potential energy for Self-Consistent-Field (SCF) wave functions have been developed in recent years and found to be useful tools. The first derivative for configuration interaction (CI) wave functions is also available. This work details the extension of analytic methods to energy second derivatives for CI wave functions. The principal extension required for second derivatives is evaluation of the first order change in the CI wave function with respect to a nuclear perturbation. The shape driven graphical unitary group approach (SDGUGA) direct CI program was adapted to evaluate this term via the coupled-perturbed CI equations. Several iterative schemes are compared for use in solving these equations. The pilot program makes no use of molecular symmetry but the timing results show that utilization of molecular symmetry is desirable. The principles for defining and solving a set of symmetry adapted equations are discussed. Evaluation of the second derivative also requires the solution of the second order coupled-perturbed Hartree-Fock equations to obtain the correction to the molecular orbitals due to the nuclear perturbation. This process takes a consistently higher percentage of the computation time than for the first order equations alone and a strategy for its reduction is discussed.
Date:
October 1, 1983
Creator:
Fox, D.J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Dynamic modeling of transport and positional control of tokamaks
We describe here a numerical model of a free boundary axisymmetric tokamak plasma and its associated control systems. The plasma is modeled with a hybrid method using two-dimensional velocity and flux functions with surface-averaged MHD equations describing the evolution of the adiabatic invariants. Equations are solved for the external circuits and for the effects of eddy currents in nearby conductors. The method is verified by application to several test problems and used to simulate the formation of a bean-shaped plasma in the PBX experiment.
Date:
October 1, 1985
Creator:
Jardin, S. C.; Pomphrey, N. & DeLucia, J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reactor thermal-hydraulic FY 1986 status report for the multimegawatt Space Nuclear Power Program
PNL's 1986 activities can be divided into three basic areas: code assessment, correlation assessment and experimental activities. The ultimate goal of all these activities is developing computer codes and verifying their use to perform the thermal-hydraulic analysis and design of the reactor core and plenum of the various proposed concepts. To perform this task as assessment is made of existing computer codes, models, correlations, and microgravity experimental data.
Date:
October 1, 1986
Creator:
Krotiuk, W.J. & Antoniak, Z.I.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
TRU Waste Management Program cost/schedule optimization analysis
The cost/schedule optimization task is a necessary function to insure that program goals and plans are optimized from a cost and schedule aspect. Results of this study will offer DOE information with which it can establish, within institutional constraints, the most efficient program for the long-term management and disposal of contact handled transuranic waste (CH-TRU). To this end, a comprehensive review of program cost/schedule tradeoffs has been made, to identify any major cost saving opportunities that may be realized by modification of current program plans. It was decided that all promising scenarios would be explored, and institutional limitations to implementation would be described. Since a virtually limitless number of possible scenarios can be envisioned, it was necessary to distill these possibilities into a manageable number of alternatives. The resultant scenarios were described in the cost/schedule strategy and work plan document. Each scenario was compared with the base case: waste processing at the originating site; transport of CH-TRU wastes in TRUPACT; shipment of drums in 6-Packs; 25 year stored waste workoff; WIPP operational 10/88, with all sites shipping to WIPP beginning 10/88; and no processing at WIPP. Major savings were identified in two alternate scenarios: centralize waste processing at INEL and …
Date:
October 1, 1985
Creator:
Detamore, J. A. (Rockwell International Corp., Albuquerque, NM (United States). Joint Integration Office); Raudenbush, M. H.; Wolaver, R. W. & Hastings, G. A. (Stoller (S.M.) Corp., Boulder, CO (United States))
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Screening study on high temperature energy transport systems
The purpose of the study described in this document is to identify the options for transporting thermal energy over long distances. The study deals specifically and exclusively with high temperature (> 400/sup 0/C(752/sup 0/F)) energy for industrial use. Energy transport is seen as a potential solution to: high unit cost of small coal and nuclear steam generators, and opposition to siting of coal or nuclear plants near populated areas. The study is of a preliminary nature but covers many options including steam, molten salts, organics, and chemical heat pipes. The development status and potential problems of these and other energy transport methods are discussed. Energy transport concepts are compared on a fundamental level based on physical properties and also are subjected to an economic study. The economic study indicated that the chemical heat pipe, under a specific set of circumstances, appeared to be the least expensive for distances greater than about 32 km (20 miles). However, if the temperature of the energy was lowered, the heat transfer salt (sodium nitrate/nitrite) system would apparently be a better economic choice for less than about 80 km (50 miles). None of the options studied appear to be more attractive than small coal-fired boilers …
Date:
October 1, 1980
Creator:
Graves, R.L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Optical watthour meter digitizer
As concern about energy conservation and energy-use efficiency increases, a simple and inexpensive instrument that would provide accurate, reliable and high-resolution data on electrical energy usage should find widespread application in research and industrial facilities. An instrument that would also provide one or more outputs compatible with a wide range of digital data acquisition systems would be especially appropriate, since the use of automatic data logging equipment is now common, even in small-scale and low-budget operations. An optical watthour meter digitizer was developed which meets these criteria. Based on the induction-type watthour meter, the digitizer provides an output pulse for a fixed amount of energy use. The digitizer senses the motion of the rotor disc of the meter by optically detecting passage of a nonreflective area painted on the underside of the disc. The passage of such area initiates a logic-compatible output pulse that can be used to measure power or energy usage in a variety of ways. The accuracy of the measurement is determined by the watthour meter. The resolution of the measurement is determined by the K/sub h/ constant (in watthours per revolution) of the meter and the number of equally spaced targets painted on the disc. The …
Date:
October 1, 1980
Creator:
Andrews, W.H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Diamond-turning tool setting by interferogram analysis
A method was developed to establish a numerically controlled tool path with respect to the work spindle centerline. Particularly adapted to the diamond turning of optics, this method is based upon interferogram analysis and is applicable to the establishment of the work spindle centerline relative to the tool path for any center-turned optic having a well-defined vertex radius of curvature. The application reported is for an f/2 concave spherical mirror.
Date:
October 22, 1980
Creator:
Rasnick, W.H. & Yoder, R.C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library