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Effects of Overpressures in Group Shelters on Animals and Dummies
S>Relative biological hazards of blast were studied in two types of communal air-raid shelters during Shots 1 and 8. Dogs, restrained within the shelters during detonation, were studied pathologically and clinically for blast injuries. Two anthropometric dummies were test objects for displacement studies utilizing high-speed photography. Physical data included pressure vs time and air-drag determinations. During Shot 1, animals sustained marked blast damages (hemorrhages in lungs and abdominal organs), three dogs were ataxic. and the dummies were rather violently displaced. In Shot 8, however, no significant injuries were found in the animals, and the dummies were minimally displaced. Analysis of the physical data indicated that blast injuries and violent displacements may occur at much lower static overpressures than previously assumed from conventional explosion data. Furthermore, biological damage appeared to be related to the rate of rise of the overpressure and air drag, as well as the maximum overpressure values. (auth)
Date:
September 1, 1953
Creator:
Roberts, J. E.; White, C. S. & Chiffelle, T. L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
AIRBLAST OVERPRESSURE AND DYNAMIC PRESSURE OVER VARIOUS SURFACES
Static overpressure and dynamic pressure versus time over surfaces processing different physical properties were measured on two tower shots, 6 and 12. On Shot 12, three surfaces were provided: the natural desert, a water surface consisting of a flooded area, and an asphalt surface. On Shot 6, desert and asphalt areas only were available. There were 123 channels of instrumentation installed for Shot 12, and 24 for Shot 6. From the data, a system of wave-form classification was devised for overpressure and dynamic-pressure- versus-time measurements. Incorporation of this system into data analysios indicates that it is possible for an ideal peak pressure to be identified with a nonideal wave form. Introducing both variables, wave form and peak pressure, into analyses reduces ambiguioties associoated with comparing results of different nuclear tests. The data show the effect of the nature of the surface upon airblast phenomena from a nuclear explosion. The effects of surface conditions upon shock phenomena are made more understandable by a review of temperature computatioons, using shock wave parameters in addition to an analysis based upon the arrioval time of the thermal pulse. A phenomenological discussion of precursor formation is presented, and comparisons are made using data from all …
Date:
September 11, 1957
Creator:
Sachs, D. C.; Swift, L. M. & Sauer, F. M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
RECONNAISSANCE FOR URANIUM IN THE PROVINCES OF AYABACA AND HUANCA-BAMBA, DEPARTMENT OF PIURA, PERU
In 1957 a radiometric examination of rock outcrops in the Ayabaca and Huancabamba areas of northwestern Peru was made in conjunction with a geologic search for structures favorable for the occurrence of uranium minerals. No anomalous radioactivity was detected, and the geologic setting is believed to be generally unfavorable for uranium mineralization. (auth)
Date:
September 1, 1957
Creator:
Brown, L.J. & G.S., Morales
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Accidental Radiation Excursion at the Y-12 Plant, June 16, 1958: Final Report
This report describes the circumstances leading to the accident, attempts to reconstruct the nuclear reactivity conditions, and reviews the dosimetric means and results which were used to help determine the exposure of affected employees.
Date:
September 12, 1958
Creator:
Patton, F. S.; Bailey, J. C.; Callihan, A. D.; Googin, J. M.; Jasny, G. R.; McAlduff, H. J. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Uranium Concentration Meter
From abstract; "Two basic instruments were developed for determining the concentration of uranium in solutions. Both instruments detect the gamma activity present in a sample solution, and interpret this analysis into direct presentation as parts per million."
Date:
September 24, 1956
Creator:
Arnett, Orville
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Temperature Entropy Chart of Thermodynamic Properties of Nitrogen
Report issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines on the complete revision of the temperature entropy chart developed 25 years prior. The revised chart presented shows the thermodynamic properties of nitrogen.
Date:
September 1950
Creator:
Burnett, E. S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Estimate of Known Recoverable Reserves of Coking Coal in Mercer County, West Virginia
Report issued by the Bureau of Mines over investigations of coking-coal reserves of Mercer County, West Virginia. Methods used, and measurements of coal reserves are listed. This report includes tables, and maps.
Date:
September 1954
Creator:
Wallace, Joseph J.; Dowd, James J.; Tavenner, William H.; Provost, John M.; Abernethy, R. F. & Reynolds, D. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of the Black Wonder Manganese Deposits, Santa Clara and Stanislaus Counties, California
Report issued by the Bureau of Mines over manganese deposits of Santa Clara and Stanislaus Counties. As stated in the introduction, "the geology is outlined, ore deposits are described and work performed by the Bureau of Mines is covered in detail and supplemented by assay maps and figures" (p. 1). This report includes tables, maps, and illustrations.
Date:
September 1956
Creator:
Volin, M. E.; Matson, E. J. & Trengove, R. R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ENERGY RECEPTION AND TRANSFER IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS
The basic information about the path of carbon in photosynthesis is reviewed together with the methods that were used to discover it. This has led to the knowledge of what is required of the photochemical reaction in the form of chemical species. Attention is then directed to the structure of the photochemical apparatus itself insofar as it is viewable by electron microscopy, and some principoles of ordered structure are devised for the types of molecules to be found in the chloroplasts. From the combination of these, a structure for the grana lamella is suggested and a mode of function proposed. Experimental test for this mode of function is underway; one method is to examine photoproduced unpaired electrons. This is discussed.
Date:
September 23, 1958
Creator:
Calvin, Melvin
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Californium Isotopes From Bombardment of Uranium With Carbonions
The recent production and identification of isotopes of elements with atomic numbers up to six higher than the target element through bombardment with hexapositive 120-Mev carbon ions made it seem worthwhile to apply this technique to the transuranium region. Accordingly, small pieces of natural uranium metal (about 0.5 mil thick and 205 cm by 0.6 cm area) were irradiated in the internal carbon ion beam in the Berkeley 60-inch cyclotron. Following the irradiations, the uranium was dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid containing hydrogen peroxide and a transplutonium fraction was isolated through the use of lanthanum fluoride, and lanthanum hydroxide precipitation steps followed by the ion exchange adsorption column procedure in which concentrated hydrochloric acid is used to separate the tripositive actinide elements from the rare earth elements. The transplutonium fractions in hydrochloric acid were evaporated as weightless films on platinum plates which were placed in the ionization chamber of the 48 channel pulse analyzer apparatus in order to measure the yield and energies of any alpha-particles which might be present. In the best experiment at about one hour after the end of the 90-minute bombardment, some 50 disintegrations per minute of the distinctive 7.1-Mev alpha-particles of Cf{sup 244} were observed …
Date:
September 6, 1950
Creator:
Ghiorso, A.; Thompson, S. G.; Street, Jr., K. & Seaborg, G. T.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Addendum to DC 56-8-167
This document is an addendum to DC 56-8-167 and gives a description of the proposed Navy nuclear seaplane program and the objectives of the X211 engine study program.
Date:
September 17, 1956
Creator:
Harned, M.S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High Energy Excitation Functions in the Heavy Region
The electrostatically deflected beam of the 184-inch cyclotron has been used with the stacked foil and absorber technique to determine the excitation functions for the following reactions: Th{sup 232}(p,6n)Pa{sup 227}, Th{sup 232}(p,3n)Pa{sup 230}, Th{sup 232}(d,7n)Pa{sup 227}, Th{sup 232}({alpha},p8n)Pa{sup 227}, Th{sup 232}({alpha},p5n)Pa{sup 230}, and U{sup 238}(p,{alpha}8n)Pa{sup 227}. The data are presented graphically and discussed individually for each of the reactions. Some rough excitation function data have also been determined for the reactions Th{sup 232}(d,4n)Pa{sup 230}, U{sup 238}(p,{alpha}5n)Pa{sup 230}, Th{sup 232}({alpha},7n)U{sup 229}, and Th{sup 232}({alpha},6n)U{sup 230}. The results are discussed in terms of compound nucleus formation, transparency effects, and other factors in order to arrive at a qualitative picture for the mechanism of high energy nuclear reactions with heavy nuclei.
Date:
September 26, 1950
Creator:
Meinke, W. W.; Wick, G. C. & Seaborg, G. T.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
PHYSICS DIV. QUARTERLY REPORT, MAY, JUNE, JULY, 1950
The X-ray Spectrum Produced by 322 Mev Electrons Striking a Platinum Target. The differential energy spectrum of the photons produced by 322 Mev electrons striking a 20 mil platinum target was measured by observing the energy of 3467 pairs produced in a one mil thick lead foil in a Wilson cloud chamber in a magnetic field of 10,000 gauss. The spectrum is found to agree with that predicted by the Bethe-Heitler bremsstrahlung theory using a Thomas-Fermi model with suitable corrections for the thickness of the target. The energy of the 322 Mev electrons was determined by the spectrum of the photons observed in this experiment. Apparatus used and the experimental data and results obtained are reported fully in UCRL-660.
Date:
September 6, 1950
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Meeting with BUAER September 11, 1956
None
Date:
September 17, 1956
Creator:
Delson, E. B.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electrolytic procedure for the removal of ruthenium and nitrate from alkaline waste solutions
The flowsheet proposed by KAPL for the treatment of alkaline nitrate radiochemical processing waste has been modified to include an ion-exchange step for the decontamination of cesium, strontium, and other cationic fission products. In laboratory studies of the electrolysis steps in a nitrate reduction cell, synthetic alkaline waste, 0.55 to 4.83 M total electrolyte, was decontaminated from ruthenium by factors of > 210. The nitrate of 3.0 M waste was reduced to ammonia with current efficiencies of 100%. Power consumption was 4.7 kwh/lb of nitrate reduced. Significant factors affecting the rate of ruthenium decontamination were temperature, cathode area, cathode current density, and electrolyte concentration. Those affecting nitrate reduction current efficiencies were the cathode current density, electrolyte concentration, and stirring rate. In an acid-base membrane cell, reusable nitric acid as well as sodium hydroxide was regenerated. However, such a cell is less economical to construct and operate than the nitrate reduction cell. At least 5 kwh of power is required to transfer 1 lb of nitrate from ORNL type waste. In addition, the greater complexity of the acid-base cell makes it less adaptable for remote control.
Date:
September 19, 1958
Creator:
Messing, A F & Higgins, I R
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mechanical Properties of Zirconium and Zirconium-Uranium Alloys Containing Tin
Abstract: "The mechanical properties of a large number of zirconium alloys have been investigated. These alloys include zirconium-tin and zirconium-tin-uranium. Tensile tests have been run on these alloys at room temperature, 500 F, and 600 F. Hot-hardness data have been obtained from room temperature to 1600 F, with particular emphasis on the hot-rolling range. Creep tests and fatigue tests have been run on a number of zirconium-tin alloys at 500 F."
Date:
September 29, 1952
Creator:
Schwope, A. D.; Muehlenkamp, G. T. & Chubb, Walston
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mechanical Properties of Zirconium and Zirconium-Uranium Alloys Containing Tin
Abstract: "The mechanical properties of a large number of zirconium alloys have been investigated. These alloys include zirconium-tin and zirconium-tin-uranium. Tensile tests have been run on these alloys at room temperature, 500 F, and 600 F. Hot-hardness data have been obtained from room temperature to 1600 F, with particular emphasis on the hot-rolling range. Creep tests and fatigue tests have been run on a number of zirconium-tin alloys at 500 F."
Date:
September 29, 1952
Creator:
Schwope, A. D.; Muehlenkamp, G. T. & Chubb, Walston
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Application of Ceramics to Hanford Fuel Elements
From introduction: This work is a survey of possible uses of ceramic materials in Hanford-type fuel elements.
Date:
September 4, 1953
Creator:
King, B. W.; Tripp, H. P. & Duckworth, W. H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Final Report on Recovery of Thorium and Uranium From Monazite Sand : Volume 1
Report describing a method for recovery of high yields of thorium and uranium from monazite sand concentrates. Monazite is decomposed into hydrous metal oxides, which are dissolved in an acid. The solution is then separated into a precipitate, which seperates from thorium and uranium. An alternate separation method is evaluated.
Date:
September 15, 1950
Creator:
Calkins, G. D.; Filbert, R. B., Jr.; Bearse, A. E. & Clegg, J. W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Final Report on Recovery of Thorium and Uranium From Monazite Sands, Volume 2
From abstract: "Details are presented on the processing of monazite sand and on separating the rare earths from thorium and uranium. Solvent-extraction and ion-exchange techniques for purifying thorium and uranium are described."
Date:
September 15, 1950
Creator:
Calkins, G. D.; Filbert, R. B., Jr.; Bearse, A. E. & Clegg, J. W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Estimated Manufacturing Costs for the Recovery of Thorium and Uranium from Monazite Sand
Abstract: "Costs have been estimated for the production of uranium and pure thorium from monasite concentrates by a process involving (1) reaction of monasite with caustic soda, (2) dissolution of the hydrous oxides in hydrochloric acid, (3) separation from the bulk of the rare earths by hydroxide precipitation of thorium and uranium, and (4) purification by solvent extraction."
Date:
September 15, 1950
Creator:
Calkins, G. D. & Filbert, R. B., Jr.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Progress Report on Refining of MgX and Other Uranium-Bearing Materials
From abstract: "The effects of solution concentration and acidity on extraction of uranium by diethyl ether have been investigated... The approximate solubility of vanadium pentoxide in nitric acid was determined."
Date:
September 30, 1950
Creator:
Ewing, R. A.; Belcher, R. L.; Kiehl, S. J., Jr. & Bearse, A. E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Progress Report on Refining of MgX and Other Uranium-Bearing Materials
From abstract: "Results are presented which suggest the possibility of satisfactorily extracting uranium from pitchblende feeds with neutral ether, without the necessity of removing sulfate, by the addition of a sufficient quantity of iron to the feed." Other factors' effects on extraction were tested and arsenic was traced throughout extraction.
Date:
September 30, 1951
Creator:
Ewing, R. A.; Kiehl, S. J., Jr.; Bearse, A. E. & Sharpe, R. E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Zirconium Pilot Plant Research and Development Progress Report
The following progress report was compiled by the research and development division of the zirconium pilot plant. This report discusses two iodination and deposition runs that were completed as of August 20, 1951, as well as the third iodination run that uses a vaporizer condenser that condenses approximately 40 pounds of zirconium iodide.
Date:
September 20, 1951
Creator:
Accountius, O. E.; Black, D. G.; Dryden, C. E.; Finney, B. C.; Gruber, B. A.; Jurevic, W. G. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library