BS>Two-group, two-region criticality calculations were made for 10 and 11 ft diameter tanks. The 10 ft tank required a core radius of 102 cm and the 11 ft tank a core radius of 95 cm for criticality. In the calculations, the fluxes were assumed to go to zero at the edge oi the graphite reflector. The fast group of the two-group calculation was broken down into 3 fast groups. The leakage out of the core and reflector for the 4 energy groups is given. (M.C.G.)

The Hanford metal wastes were divided into four categories: supernate - the liquid waste; hard sludge - dense agglomerates of poorly defined crystalline carbonates approximating the hardness of soft blackboard chalk; soft sludge - an easily slurried semi-solid consisting chiefly of needle-like phosphates; and recombined sludge - a representative sample of the solid wastes as received from Hanford, shown to be a mixture of hard and soft sludges in the ratio 2/3 by weight. The density of supernate, in the temperature range 24 to 74/sup 0/C, varied from 1.130 to 1.103 g/ml. Hard sludge density averaged 3.0 g/ml and that of soft sludge averaged 1.84 g/ml. The consistency, or apparent viscosity, as a function of temperature, shear rate, and solids content was measured individually on slurries of recombined, soft, and hard sludges using supernate as the suspending medium. Settling rates were also run on these 3 slurries as a function of solids content.

Techniques involving the use of high-intensity short-duration light pulses have been applied t o the study of the kinetics of photoconductivity in films of metal-free phthalocyanine. These experiments, in conjunction with measurements of steady-state photoconductivity, are consistent with the following scheme. The principal route for the formation of charge carriers is via the first excited singlet state, although the lowest triplet state can, t o some extent, contribute to charge - carrier production. The mobility of the carriers is low and is concentration-dependent, being lower at higher carrier concentration. The decay of the photocurrent is the result of a diffusion-limited bimolecular recombination, with a capture radius of approximately one molecular diameter. The experiments indicate that carriers produced thermally in the dark do not interact with light-produced carriers.

Whence came life on the surface of the earth? Whether or not a complete answer to this question may be found within the context, and content, of modern science, may be a moot question. It is our purpose to see how far we can devise an answer, and how satisfactory it may be, within that context. We trace a path from the primitive molecules of the primeval earth's atmosphere condensed from space through the random formation of more or less complex organic molecules, using the available energy sources of ultraviolet light, ionizing radiation or atmospheric electrical discharge, through the selective formation of complex organic molecules via autocatalysis, finally, to the informatiion-transmitting molecule which is capable of self-reproduction and variation. In addition, somewhere, either during the course of this Chemical Evolution, or perhaps succeeding it, a system has been evolved in which the concentration of the reaction materials was retained in a relatively small volume of space, leading to the formation of cellular structures. Man is about to send back into space some bits of the dust from whence it originally came, It is thus not only timely but more significant than ever before to ask again the question: What are …

The addition of ortho-chloranil to the surface of films of metal-free phthalocyanine has been found (a) to increase the dark conductivity of such films by as much as 10{sup 7}, (b) to increase the steady-state photoconductivity by as much as 10{sup 5}, and (c) to result in the formation of unpaired electrons whose concentration decreases reversibly as a result of illumination. These systems exhibit a light-induced polarization, the phthalocyanine layer becoming more positive with respect t o the ortho-chloranil layer. Kinetic studies demonstrate that, upon illumination, a single process (time constant = 40 seconds) results in the increase in conductivity, the decrease in unpaired spins, and the increase in polarization. The results are consistent with the following scheme. An electron transfer from phthalocyanine to ortho-chloranil occurs in the dark at room temperature, producing holes in the phthalocyanine layer and ortho-chloranil negative ion radicals (high conductivity, ESR signal). Illumination results in the transfer of an electron from an excited phthalocyanine molecule to the ortho-chloranil negative ion, producing further phthalocyanine holes and ortho-chloranil double-negative ion (increase in conductivity, increase in polarization, decrease in ESR signal). By equating spin concentration with charge - carrier concentration (phthalocyanine holes) it is possible to calculate a …

The fission reaction has been observed with high energy accelerator projectiles for elements as light as tantalum but has not been reported for medium weight elements. The present note presents evidence for the occurrence of reactions which are probably most properly described by the term 'fission' and which seem to occur with very small yield throughout the region where this type of reaction is only slightly exoergic or even endoergic with respect to mass balance. In the course of detailed investigation of the spallation of copper and the variation of the product yields with energy of the bombarding particle the threshold for formation of radioactive Cl{sup 38} (38-minute half-life) from elemental studied. The energetically most economical way in which Cl{sup 38} might be spallation reactions is by emission from the bombarded copper nucleus of nucleons in groups such as alpha-particles instead of single nucleons 0 The energetic requirements for the reaction Cu{sup 63}(p,pn6a)Cl{sup 38}, in which the maximum number of alpha-particles are emitted, include (1) the mass difference between the reactants and the products and (2) the excitation energy which the alpha-particles must have in order to pass over the coulombic barrier, Since the reaction is endoergic with respect to …

Abstract: "The mechanical properties of a large number of zirconium alloys have been investigated. These alloys include zirconium-tin and zirconium-tin-uranium. Tensile tests have been run on these alloys at room temperature, 500 F, and 600 F. Hot-hardness data have been obtained from room temperature to 1600 F, with particular emphasis on the hot-rolling range. Creep tests and fatigue tests have been run on a number of zirconium-tin alloys at 500 F."

Abstract: "The mechanical properties of a large number of zirconium alloys have been investigated. These alloys include zirconium-tin and zirconium-tin-uranium. Tensile tests have been run on these alloys at room temperature, 500 F, and 600 F. Hot-hardness data have been obtained from room temperature to 1600 F, with particular emphasis on the hot-rolling range. Creep tests and fatigue tests have been run on a number of zirconium-tin alloys at 500 F."

This report explores the production of beta silicon carbide, a low-temperature, cubic modification of cubic silicon carbide. The temperature, heating time, type of starting material, and proportion of starting materials were all varied in order to test yields of beta silicon carbide.

From introduction: This report covers an investigation of solid-state bonding as a technique for aluminum cladding uranium plates of 3 by 0.180-in. cross section in lengths up to 14 ft.

Radioactive debris from nuclear detonations may fall out over an extensive area. A rapid evaluation of the distribution of such surface contamination cam be obtained by an aircraft mounted detector. The gamma field measured in the aircraft can be related to the intensity on the ground. The HASL Top Hat'' system measures the radiation intensity, in an aircraft, at any altitude up to 1500 feet. The data are continuously compensated to the reading that would be obtained if the measurements were taken at three feet from thc ground surface. It will record the ground radiation field intensities from 0.01 mr/hr to 1000 r/hr. The Telepulse Coding Unit converts this information to a signal suitable for transmission to a plotting center via a standard voice radio transmitter. The transmitted signal is decoded by a Telepulse Receiving Unit and is automatically recorded on a strip chart. The radiation data must be correlated with the aircraft position to determine the location amd intensity distribution of the contaminated area.

The following report presents a discussion of the method for hydrodynamic problems, together with some new considerations that have arisen concerning the method.

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From abstract: "The probability for a fission neutron to escape fast leakage from bare, hydrogen moderated reactors is calculated by a method utilizing only the microscopic cross section of the materials. These results can be employed to determine the effectiveness of other substances in preventing fast neutron leakage. These calculations are carried out for aluminum and iron."

The 100-C project is to be located adjacent to the present 100-P Area. It is planned to build an addition to the present 181-B River Pump House using the same elevations for pump settings, intakes, and floors as for the present pump house, thus maintaining the same suction conditions and flood protection as B Area. The 105 Building will be located on higher ground than B Area and, therefore, protection against possible flood damage is assured.

The factors responsible for the advances of 100-X compared with the older areas are: Simplification of the process, such as elimination of separate process water clearwells, by having the filtered water reservoirs perform that function. Combination of separate buildings into one building, such as combining filter pump house and process pump house. Use of electric standby. Use of higher capacity pumps and filter basins, and so fewer number of units. Centralization of control and operation. More compact arrangement of plant components. Use of waste heat for space heating, recovered from reactor effluent, backed up by steam plant.

Pile Engineering Sub-Section has been investigating the causes and effects of cocked slugs in process tubes for the past year because they are suspected to be the cause for some slug ruptures. In Project CG-642 - Continuous Charge-Discharge Equipment - C Reactor it is proposed that slugs be flush charged into the process tubes. This document reports the effect of flush charging slugs on their tendency to cock as discovered in laboratory tests.

Abstract: "From neutron-yield measurements made with a MnSO4 detecting solution, the average number of neutrons produced per inelastic event is determined for a series of elements from lithium to uranium for 340-Mev protons, 190-and 315-Mev deuterons, 490-Mev He3 ions, and 90- and 160-Mev neutrons. The results are analyzed in an attempt to understand the total yield measurements for thick targets and to explain the variation of yield with the atomic number of the target."

From introduction: "This paper employs a multigroup method similar to that of J. S. Story, AERE-TR-177 to calculate, for cylindrical geometry, that heat energy source density in graphite due to absorption and Compton scattering of those gammas produced by neutron capture in a water filled cadmium control rod."

Abstract: "A possible mechanism for the generation of magneto-hydrodynamic whirl rings near the center of the sun is described. The organic relation of the reflection of these whirl rings at the surface of the sun to the cooling of sunspots, orientation, and polarity sequence of sunspots, prominences, flares, and faculae is delineated."

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The 100-C project is to be located adjacent to the present 100-B Area. It is planned to build an addition to the present 181-B river pump house using the same elevations for pump settings, intakes, and floors as for the present pump house, thus maintaining the same suction conditions and flood protection as B Area. The 105 Building will be located on higher ground than B Area and therefore, protection against possible flood damage is assured. This report is divided into the following sections: (1) general description of project; (2) addition to existing river pump house; (3) raw water lines from 181-B addition to 183-C lead house; (4) the 183-C filter plant; (5) 190-C process pump house; (6) power house addition; (7) high tanks; (8) retention basins; (9) outside streamlines; (10) primary substation; (11) outside underground lines; (12) outside electric lines; (13) roads, railroads, walks, fences; (14) structural design of all buildings; and (15) architectural design of all buildings.

Production Test 105--533-A and Supplements A and B which authorize an ``experimental area`` in C-pile in which the tube power limits are relaxed to allow tube power increases up to 16-2/3 per cent above the maximum allowed tube power outside of the experimental area. Supplement B (HW-28775) further limits the maximum tube power to 820 kw. The planned increase of tube powers at C-Pile (from 700 kw/tube to 800 kw/tube) for the tubes outside of the experimental area will cause the experimental area to operate at tube powers up to 935 kw.

The purpose of this project is to provide instrumentation at B, C, D, F, H,, KE, and KW Reactors that will (1) indicate front-to-rear differential pressure to assure process water flow in each group of tubes fed by a crossheader, and (2) actuate an alarm in the event of unsafe low flow conditions. The scope of this work consists of the installation of tubing from the rear and front crossheaders to differential pressure instruments on the front face; the provision of a signal panel and alarm horn on the front elevator; and the provision of a lead to the annunciator in the control room.