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Effects of catalytic mineral matter on CO/CO sub 2 , temperature and burning time for char combustion (open access)

Effects of catalytic mineral matter on CO/CO sub 2 , temperature and burning time for char combustion

The temperature of a char particle burning in an oxygen containing atmosphere is the product of a strongly coupled balance between particle size and physical properties, heat transfer from the particle, surface reactivity, CO/CO{sub 2} ratio and gas phase diffusion in the surrounding boundary layer and within the particle. CO{sub 2}/CO ratios can be strongly influenced by catalytic material in the carbon and by the char temperature. In this program we are measuring the CO{sub 2}/CO ratio for both catalyzed and uncatalyzed chars over a wide range of temperature. These results will then be used to develop predictive models for char temperature and burning rates. The electrodynamic balance has been successfully used to make such measurements for single 200{mu}m spherocarb particles. A few theoretical approaches to model a single particle oxidation have been made, but most of them assumed the infinitely thin reaction zone at the particle surface. This approach can not explain pore diffusion limitation, structural change, or reaction at low temperatures inside the particle. Too simplifying solid phase reaction may leads to wrong predictions. In this report, progress on constructing models including both solid and gas phase reaction are reported.
Date: May 4, 1992
Creator: Longwell, J. P.; Sarofim, A. F.; Lee, Chun-Hyuk & Modestino, A. J.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Review of proposed EPA ambient lead criteria standard document. Final report. Task assignment No. 10 (open access)

Review of proposed EPA ambient lead criteria standard document. Final report. Task assignment No. 10

The proposed October 1983 EPA ambient lead criteria document, Air Quality Criteria for Lead is reviewed from the perspective of DOE's policies and programs and addresses potential impacts on energy production and energy-intensive industries. Following an introduction, the study is organized in five subsequent sections. Section 2.0 addresses environmental and health effects of exposure to lead. Section 3.0 reviews sources of lead emissions. Section 4.0 presents information on lead concentrations in ambient air. Section 5.0 examines dose-effect relationships among lead emissions, ambient air concentrations and blood lead levels. Section 6.0 presents Radian's evaluation of the regulatory implications of the criteria document and the information it provides. 10 figures, 11 tables.
Date: March 4, 1984
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Proposed Tax Reform: Summaries of items included in the Tentative Decisions of the Committee on ways and means, House of representatives 93rd congress. (open access)

Proposed Tax Reform: Summaries of items included in the Tentative Decisions of the Committee on ways and means, House of representatives 93rd congress.

This report is about Proposed Tax Reform: Summaries of items included in the Tentative Decisions of the Committee on ways and means, House of representatives 93rd congress.
Date: November 4, 1974
Creator: Drake, Susan L.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Premature Release of Election Results and Election Predictions 1967 (open access)

Premature Release of Election Results and Election Predictions 1967

This report documents possible future outcomes of elections for the federal office.
Date: June 4, 1967
Creator: Yadlosky, Elizabeth
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of x-ray production in TMX upgrade (open access)

Analysis of x-ray production in TMX upgrade

TMX Upgrade (TMX-U), a tandem mirror experiment at LLNL, will use high power microwaves for electron cyclotron resonant heating (ECRH). As demonstrated on Elmo Bumpy Torus (EBT) and related experiments which use similar heating techniques, high energy electron populations are created. In these devices, which run CW, significant x-ray production occurs and adequate shielding must be provided for personnel protection. TMX-U is a pulsed experiment; however, significant x-ray production is expected from the 50 keV mean energy electron population. In this report the expected x-ray generation is calculated and the provisions for shielding are described. Based upon these calculations, as well as scaling estimates from other devices, the provided shielding is shown to be adequate for hot electron temperatures of interest for the experiment.
Date: February 4, 1982
Creator: Stallard, B. & Stephens, L.
System: The UNT Digital Library
A method to estimate the concentration of elements in smoke from burning vegetation growing in contaminated soil (open access)

A method to estimate the concentration of elements in smoke from burning vegetation growing in contaminated soil

The Savannah River Site has areas where soil is contaminated with metals and/or radionuclides. Many of these areas are surrounded by native vegetation which is growing adjacent to the area and where the roots have penetrated into the contaminated soil of the area. In some cases vegetation has actually invaded the contaminated area. Even though the volume of contaminated vegetation is small, there are problems associated with its disposal. Vegetation decomposes quickly after burial and the volume of buried vegetation can decrease. The voids left can lead to subsidence and possible failure of the clay cap constructed over hazardous and/or radioactive waste burial grounds. An alternative to burying the wood is to burn it and bury the ash. However, burning will introduce the contamination in the vegetation into the air where there is potential for inhalation of the contaminants. A procedure is described to assess the hazard associated with inhalation of contamination from burning of vegetation growing in contaminated soil. The procedure is applied to evaluation of the consequence of burning vegetation grown adjacent to and in the SRL Seepage Basins. The results indicate that burning the vegetation during the day could introduce a level of contaminants to the atmosphere …
Date: March 4, 1991
Creator: Murphy, C. E. Jr.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Preliminary plan for the development of geothermal energy in the town of Hawthorne, Nevada (open access)

Preliminary plan for the development of geothermal energy in the town of Hawthorne, Nevada

Site characteristics pertinent to the geothermal development are described, including: physiography, demography, economy, and goals and objectives of the citizens as they relate to geothermal development. The geothermal reservoir is characterized on the basis of available information. The probable drilling depth to the reservoir, anticipated water production rates, water quality, and resource temperature are indicated. Uses of the energy that seem appropriate to the situation both now and in the near future at Hawthorne are described. The essential institutional requirements for geothermal energy development are discussed, including the financial, environmental, and legal and regulatory aspects. The various steps that are necessary to accomplish the construction of the geothermal district heating system are described.
Date: November 4, 1981
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Geology and Hydrology of the Project Rulison Exploratory Hole, Garfield County, Colorado. (open access)

Geology and Hydrology of the Project Rulison Exploratory Hole, Garfield County, Colorado.

None
Date: April 4, 1969
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Studies of complex fragment emission in heavy ion reactions (open access)

Studies of complex fragment emission in heavy ion reactions

This report discusses the following topics: High energy photon production in a HI collision; the mechanism for the disassembly of excited {sup 16}O projectiles into four alpha particles; the disassembly of excited {sup 28}Si projectiles; large pre-fission multiplicities from temperature; dependent friction and fission barriers; multiplicity correlations; molecular beam induced fusion; dwarf ball and wall; mini wall; and computer and local data acquisition systems.
Date: September 4, 1991
Creator: Charity, R.J. & Sobotka, L.G.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) power system development. Preliminary design report, Appendices, Part 1 (Final) (open access)

Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) power system development. Preliminary design report, Appendices, Part 1 (Final)

The objective of this project is the development of a preliminary design for a full-sized, closed cycle, ammonia power system module for the 100 MWe OTEC demonstration plant. In turn, this demonstration plant is to demonstrate, by 1984, the operation and performance of an Ocean Thermal Power Plant having sufficiently advanced heat exchanger design to project economic viability for commercial utilization in the late 1980's and beyond. Included in this power system development are the preliminary designs for a proof-of-concept pilot plant and test article heat exchangers which are scaled in such a manner as to support a logically sequential, relatively low-cost development of the full-scale power system module. The conceptual designs are presented for the demonstration plant power module, the proof-of-concept pilot plant, and for a pair of test article heat exchangers. Costs associated with the design, development, fabrication, checkout, delivery, installation, and operation are included. The accompanying design and producibilty studies on the full-scale power system module project the performance/economics for the commercial plant. This section of the report contains appendices on the developed computer models, water system dynamic studies, miscellaneous performance analysis, materials and processes, detailed equipment lists, turbine design studies, tube cleaner design, ammonia leak detection, …
Date: December 4, 1978
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of a small pressurized water reactor for industrial energy (open access)

Assessment of a small pressurized water reactor for industrial energy

An evaluation of several recent ERDA/ORNL sponsored studies on the application of a small, 365 MW(t) pressurized water reactor for industrial energy is presented. Preliminary studies have investigated technical and reliability requirements; costs for nuclear and fossil based steam were compared, including consideration of economic inflation and financing methods. For base-load industrial steam production, small reactors appear economically attractive relative to coal fired boilers that use coal priced at $30/ton.
Date: October 4, 1977
Creator: Klepper, O. H.; Fuller, L. C. & Myers, M. L.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Potassium vapor topping cycle. Technical progress report, April 1--June 30, 1977 (open access)

Potassium vapor topping cycle. Technical progress report, April 1--June 30, 1977

The potassium vapor topping cycle is a concept for increasing the efficiency of the Rankine vapor cycle by raising the peak temperature by employing a potassium vapor cycle with a turbine inlet temperature of 1500 to 1600/sup 0/F (815 to 870/sup 0/C) in which the waste heat rejected from the condensing potassium vapor is transferred to boiling water and steam in a conventional steam cycle. An efficiency of about 50% is calculated for this cycle with a natural circulation potassium boiler fired by gas or oil. An Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) program is under way at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to build a full-scale potassium boiler tube bundle and burner module and test it with water and then potassium. Progress in this program is reported. The design work necessary for the installation of the potassium system was completed during the quarter. Fabrication of the potassium system components was finished. Installation of the condenser enclosure was completed and the drain tank was installed. Construction work on the equipment tower was completed.
Date: October 4, 1977
Creator: Holcomb, R. S.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Preliminary evaluation of fluid chemistry in the East Mesa KGRA (open access)

Preliminary evaluation of fluid chemistry in the East Mesa KGRA

One of the major problems needing consideration when bringing a geothermal field into production is the anticipation and control of mineral precipitation in both the producing formations and production equipment. Prediction of the chemical interactions between natural multicomponent thermal fluids and the minerals comprising a producing formation can be accomplished by the study of equilibrium models approximating the natural system. Models are constructed from theoretically and experimentally derived thermodynamic data for the involved minerals and aqueous species. This equilibrium modeling approach was applied to the rock-water system at the East Mesa geothermal area in the Imperial Valley of California. Results of petrographic and fluid analyses are given. (JGB)
Date: October 4, 1976
Creator: Hoagland, J.R.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Quality assurance program plan applicable to the KIPS technology verification phase (open access)

Quality assurance program plan applicable to the KIPS technology verification phase

This Quality Program Plan describes the manner in which the Energy Systems Unit of the Advanced Technology Group Division of Sunstrand Corporation applies its Quality Assurance Program and Systems to control and assure commpliance to the Quality requirements in accordance with NRA-1, dated July 1, 1977, in support of the Kilowatt Isotope Power Systems (KIPS) Program Technology Verification Phase.
Date: October 4, 1978
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Equation of state of vanadium. [To 3. 39 Mbar and 5 x 10/sup 4/ eV temperature] (open access)

Equation of state of vanadium. [To 3. 39 Mbar and 5 x 10/sup 4/ eV temperature]

A new, wide-range equation of state (EOS) for vanadium is presented. The generation of this EOS was of a fast-response nature. That is, the data base was constructed very rapidly, the analysis was very cursory, and it was inserted into the Bi-linear Logorithm (BLL) EOS library in 3 to 5 days. The composite theoretical model incorporates condensed matter, ionization equilibrium, and multiphase physics. The theoretical EOS was compared with all available high-temperature and high-pressure data for vanadium; good agreement was obtained. The welting on the Hugoniot could be observed because the Kopyshev gamma nuclear correction was used to generate the high-density region. 8 figures, 1 table.
Date: January 4, 1978
Creator: Wong, L.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Geometric perturbation theory and plasma physics (open access)

Geometric perturbation theory and plasma physics

Modern differential geometric techniques are used to unify the physical asymptotics underlying mechanics, wave theory and statistical mechanics. The approach gives new insights into the structure of physical theories and is suited to the needs of modern large-scale computer simulation and symbol manipulation systems. A coordinate-free formulation of non-singular perturbation theory is given, from which a new Hamiltonian perturbation structure is derived and related to the unperturbed structure. The theory of perturbations in the presence of symmetry is developed, and the method of averaging is related to reduction by a circle group action. The pseudo-forces and magnetic Poisson bracket terms due to reduction are given a natural asymptotic interpretation. Similar terms due to changing reference frames are related to the method of variation of parameters, which is also given a Hamiltonian formulation. These methods are used to answer a question about nearly periodic systems. The answer leads to a new secular perturbation theory that contains no ad hoc elements. Eikonal wave theory is given a Hamiltonian formulation that generalizes Whitham's Lagrangian approach. The evolution of wave action density on ray phase space is given a Hamiltonian structure using a Lie-Poisson bracket. The relationship between dissipative and Hamiltonian systems is discussed. …
Date: April 4, 1985
Creator: Omohundro, S.M.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Review of FFTF and CRBRP control rod systems designs (open access)

Review of FFTF and CRBRP control rod systems designs

The evolution of the primary control rod system design for FFTF and CRBR, beginning with the initial choice of the basic concepts, is described. The significant component and systems tests are reviewed together with the test results which referenced the development of the CRBR primary control rod system design. Modifications to the concepts and detail designs of the FFTF control rod system were required principally to satisfy the requirements of CRBR, and at the same time incorporating design refinements shown desirable by the tests.
Date: October 4, 1977
Creator: Pitterle, T. A. & Lagally, H. O.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Operator Manual: High Temperature Heat Pump (open access)

Operator Manual: High Temperature Heat Pump

Experimental data is being obtained from operating a high temperature heat pump system. The use of methanol as a working fluid will necessitate careful monitoring of refrigerant temperatures and pressures with chemical analysis performed on the working fluid during scheduled down time. Materials sent to vendors by Auburn University and quotes received by Auburn concerning equipment (compressor, evaporator, condensor, air heater, dryer, two accumulator tanks, and three expansion valves) are discussed. The simulated dryer and two accumulator tanks were designed by Auburn. The detailed design and pricing estimates are included. Additional information is presented on layout and construction; start-up; testing; shut down; scheduled maintenance and inspection; safety precautions; control system; and trouble shooting.
Date: March 4, 1980
Creator: Dyer, D. F.; Maples, G.; Burch, T. E. & Chancellor, P. D.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of regional effects of effluents from uranium production in New Mexico (open access)

Evaluation of regional effects of effluents from uranium production in New Mexico

The Grants Uranium Region is a 2500 mile area of northcentral New Mexico which has produced about 40 percent of all domestic uranium, and holds over one-half of the current reserves. The increasing demand for uranium to fuel commercial nuclear power plants is resulting in rapid growth of the uranium industry and economic, social, and environmental changes are occurring. One of the environmental issues of this region is the concern for eventually unacceptable levels of air and water pollution from effluents from uranium mill tailings piles. This study addresses these potential impacts in relation to industrial environmental control practices, siting features, and other regional/temporal variables, including rates of production, locations and sizes of new mills, and population distributions.
Date: October 4, 1977
Creator: Wilson, D.W.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Health and environmental effects document on geothermal energy: 1981 (open access)

Health and environmental effects document on geothermal energy: 1981

Several of the important health and environmental risks associated with a reference geothermal industry that produces 21,000 MW/sub e/ for 30 y (equivalent to 20 x 10/sup 18/ J) are assessed. The analyses of health effects focus on the risks associated with exposure to hydrogen sulfide, particulate sulfate, benzene, mercury, and radon in air and arsenic in water. Results indicate that emissions of hydrogen sulfide are likely to cause odor-related problems in geothermal resources areas, assuming that no pollution controls are employed. For individuals living within an 80 km radius of the geothermal resources, chronic exposure to particulate sulfate could result in between 0 to 95 premature deaths per 10/sup 18/ J of electricity generated. The mean population risk of leukemia from the inhalation of benzene was calculated to be 3 x 10/sup -2/ cases per 10/sup 18/ J. Exposure to elemental mercury in the atmosphere could produce between 0 and 8.2 cases of tremors per 10/sup 18/ J of electricity. Inhalation of radon and its short-lived daughters poses a mean population risk of 4.2 x 10/sup -1/ lung cancers per 10/sup 18/ J. Analysis of skin cancer risk from the ingestion of surface water contaminated with geothermally derived arsenic …
Date: December 4, 1981
Creator: Layton, D. W.; Anspaugh, L. R. & O'Banion, K. D.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Integrated system for production of neutronics and photonics calculational constants. Volume 10, Revision 1. Neutron-induced interactions: tabulated experimental data (open access)

Integrated system for production of neutronics and photonics calculational constants. Volume 10, Revision 1. Neutron-induced interactions: tabulated experimental data

We provide, on microfiche records, tabulated values for data points in the Experimental Cross-Section Information Library (ECSIL). The microfiche records also include corresponding bibliographic information and data indexes. ECSIL now contains 1,600,000 neutron-cross-section data points.
Date: July 4, 1976
Creator: MacGregor, M.H.; Cullen, D.E.; Howerton, R.J. & Perkins, S.T.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Fundamentals of particle beam dynamics and phase space (open access)

Fundamentals of particle beam dynamics and phase space

This report discusses the following topics on synchrotron accelerators: Transverse motion---betatron oscillations; machine lattice; representation of a particle beam; and longitudinal motion---synchrotron oscillations.
Date: September 4, 1991
Creator: Weng, W. T. & Mane, S. R.
System: The UNT Digital Library
NQR-NMR studies of higher alcohol synthesis Cu-Co catalysts (open access)

NQR-NMR studies of higher alcohol synthesis Cu-Co catalysts

During this period, we focused our attention in analyzing the magnetic nature of the extensively used trimetallic catalyst system Cu-Co-Cr for the production of higher alcohols. We believe that there could be some correspondence between the catalytic and magnetic behaviors of the transition metal catalyst systems. Both the morphology and metallic charge distribution of the particles are known to govern the catalytic as well as the magnetic properties of the system.
Date: May 4, 1992
Creator: Murty, A.N.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Riola release report (open access)

Riola release report

Eleven hours after execution of the Riola Event (at 0826 PDT on 25 September 1980) in hole U2eq of the Nevada Test Site (NTS), a release of radioactivity began. When the seepage stopped at about noon the following day, up to some 3200 Ci of activity had been dispersed by light variable winds. On 26 September, examination of the geophone records showed six hours of low-level, but fairly continuous, activity before the release. Electrical measurements indicated that most cables were still intact to a depth below the stemming platform. A survey of the ground zero area showed that the seepage came through cracks between the surface conductor and the pad, through cracks in the pad, and through a crack adjacent to the pad around the mousehole (a small hole adjacent to the emplacement hole). To preclude undue radiation exposure or injury from a surprise subsidence, safety measures were instituted. Tritium seepage was suffucient to postpone site activities until a box and pipeline were emplaced to contain and remove the gas. Radiation release modeling and calculations were generally consistent with observations. Plug-hole interaction calculations showed that the alluvium near the bottom of the plug may have been overstressed and that improvements …
Date: August 4, 1983
Creator: Woodward, E.C.
System: The UNT Digital Library