We have measured the energy deposited in two types of composite targets by a number of charged-particle beams: targets made of /sup 238/U, Lucite, and polyethylene were exposed to 0.26-GeV protons and 0.33-GeV deuterons, and aluminum-Lucite composites were exposed to 0.5-GeV electrons. In addition, we measured neutrons and gamma rays emitted from solid targets of various materials (including /sup 238/U and iron) exposed to 0.26-GeV protons and 0.33-GeV deuterons. We used passive detectors (thermoluminescence dosimeters, Lexan fission track recorders, and photographic emulsions) to measure the nonfission dose and the fission-fragment dose from the primary beam and its shower of products. Measurements were made at various depths and radial positions in the targets. Plots and numerical values of the measured doses are presented. The emission of neutrons and gamma rays was measured with a liquid-deuterated-benzene detector. In general, the dose profile with depth is similar for 0.26-GeV protons and 0.33-GeV deuterons. The ratio of return neutrons to gamma rays increases with increasing target mass number. Deuterons, however, produce from 1.7 to 5.8 times as many neutrons and gamma rays per particle as do protons.

Results of the annual radiological survey of the retired Piqua Nuclear Facility in Piqua, Ohio are presented in this report. The overall survey did not reveal the existence of any significant changes within the facility. This survey marked the inception of a surface soil sampling program. Analysis of the soil revealed that concentrations of radioactivity are comparable to those found at other locations in Ohio. (DMC)

AMAX Research Development Center (AMAX R D) has been investigating methods for enhancing the reactivity and durability of the zinc ferrite desulfurization sorbent. Zinc ferrite sorbents are intended for use in desulfurization of hot coal gas in integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) or molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) applications. For the present program, the reactivity of the sorbent may be defined as its sulfur sorption capacity at the breakthrough point and at saturation in a bench-scale, fixed-bed reactor. Durability may be defined as the ability of the sorbent to maintain important physical characteristics such As size, strength, and specific surface area during 10 cycles of sulfidation and oxidation.

AMAX Research Development Center (AMAX R D) has been investigating methods for enhancing the reactivity and durability of the zinc ferrite desulfurization sorbent. Zinc ferrite sorbents are intended for use in desulfurization of hot coal gas in integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) or molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) applications. For the present program, the reactivity of the sorbent may be defined as its sulfur sorption capacity at the breakthrough point and at saturation in a bench-scale, fixed-bed reactor. Durability may be defined as the ability of the sorbent to maintain important physical characteristics such as size, strength, and specific surface area during 10 cycles of sulfidation and oxidation.

Burning of asphalt roofing waste as a fuel and incorporating asphalt roofing waste in bituminous paving were identified as the two outstanding resource recovery concepts out of ten studied. Four additional concepts might be worth considering under different market or technical circumstances. Another four concepts were rated as worth no further consideration at this time. This study of the recovery of the resource represented in asphalt roofing waste has identified the sources and quantities of roofing waste. About six million cubic yards of scrap roofing are generated annually in the United States, about 94% from removal of old roofing at the job site and the remainder from roofing material production at factories. Waste disposal is a growing problem for manufacturers and contractors. Nearly all roofing waste is hauled to landfills at a considerable expense to roofing contractors and manufacturers. Recovery of the roofing waste resource should require only a modest economic incentive. The asphalt contained in roofing waste represents an energy resource of more than 7 x 10/sup 13/ Btu/year. Another 1 x 10/sup 13/ Btu/year may be contained in field-applied asphalt on commercial building roofs. The two concepts recommended by this study appear to offer the broadest applicability, the …

This report has been prepared specifically for ultrasonic transducer users within the Nondestructive Testing Evaluation (NDE) community of the weapons complex. The purpose of the report is to establish an initial set of uniform procedures for measuring and recording transducer performance data, and to establish a common foundation on which more comprehensive transducer performance evaluations may be added as future transducer performance criteria expands. Transducer parameters and the problems with measuring them are discussed and procedures for measuring transducer performance are recommended with special precautionary notes regarding critical aspects of each measurement. An important consideration regarding the recommended procedures is the cost of implementation. There are two distinct needs for transducer performance characterization in the complex. Production oriented users need a quick, reliable means to check a transducer to ascertain its suitability for continued service. Development groups and the Transducer Center need a comprehensive characterization means to collect adequate data to evaluate theoretical concepts or to build exact replacement transducers. The instrumentation, equipment, and procedures recommended for monitoring production transducers are utilitarian and provide only that information needed to determine transducer condition.

All LANL hardware requirements were met during the reporting period as scheduled. Lot 12 of T-111 alloy sheet and Lot 8 of yttrium platelets were procured to meet future WR production needs. The GEND IP schedule requirements for 49 fueled MC2893 heat sources were met. Pressure burst surveillance activities continued to be conducted in accordance with SNLA document BB328965. Final results of evaluations of two pressure-burst capsules were normal, suggesting that the corresponding heat sources should be in good condition. The hardware production period ended with an overall hardware process yield of 98.4%.

The Seismic Safety Margins Research Program (SSMRP) is an NRC-funded, multiyear program conducted by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). Its goal is to develop a complete, fully coupled analysis procedure (including methods and computer codes) for estimating the risk of an earthquake-caused radioactive release from a commercial nuclear power plant. The analysis procedure is based upon a state-of-the-art evaluation of the current seismic analysis and design process and explicitly includes the uncertainties inherent in such a process. The results will be used to improve seismic licensing requirements for nuclear power plants. As currently planned, the SSMRP will be completed in September, 1984. This document presents the program plan for work to be done during the remainder of the program. In Phase I of the SSMRP, the necessary tools (both computer codes and data bases) for performing a detailed seismic risk analysis were identified and developed. Demonstration calculations were performed on the Zion Nuclear Power Plant. In the remainder of the program (Phase II) work will be concentrated on developing a simplified SSMRP methodology for routine probabilistic risk assessments, quantitative validation of the tools developed and application of the simplified methodology to a Boiling Water Reactor. (The Zion plant is a …

The ideas that led to the successful construction and operation of large multibeam fusion lasers at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory are reviewed. These lasers are based on the use of Nd:glass laser materials. However, most of the concepts are applicable to any laser being designed for fusion experimentation. This report is a summary of lectures given by the author at the 20th Scottish University Summer School in Physics, on Laser Plasma Interaction. This report includes basic concepts of the laser plasma system, a discussion of lasers that are useful for short-pulse, high-power operation, laser design constraints, optical diagnostics, and system organization.

The computer code COMFORT, developed for the online control of machine functions at the SLC, has recently undergone several modifications to overcome some of its limitations. This note describes the reasons for these changes, the methods employed, some test results and the applications of the new version of the program.

The interpretation of geophysical/electromagnetic field data has been used to study dynamical processes in the crust beneath three of the major tectono-volcanic features in North America: the Long Valley/Mono Craters Volcanic Complex in eastern California, the Cascades Volcanic Belt in Oregon, and the Rio Grande Rift in the area of Socorro, New Mexico. Primary accomplishments have been in the area of creating and implementing a variety of 2-D generalized inverse computer codes, and the application of these codes to fields studies on the basin structures and he deep thermal regimes of the above areas. In order to more fully explore the space of allowable models (i.e. those inverse solutions that fit the data equally well), several distinctly different approaches to the 2-D inverse problem have been developed: (1) an overdetermined block inversion; (2) an overdetermined spline inverstion; (3) a generalized underdetermined total inverse which allows one to tradeoff certain attributes of their model, such as minimum structure (flat models), roughness (smooth models), or length (small models). Moreover, we are exploring various approaches for evaluating the resolution model parameters for the above algorithms. 33 refs.

An experiment is being directed at the Nevada Test Site to test the feasibility for storage of spent fuel from nuclear reactors in geologic media. As part of this project, an analysis of the earthquake hazard was prepared. This report presents the results of this seismic hazard assessment. Two distinct components of the seismic hazard were addressed: vibratory ground motion and surface displacement. (ACR)

A materials selection test program was conducted to characterize optimum interior surface coatings for an advanced size reduction facility. The equipment to be processed by this facility consists of stainless steel apparatus (e.g., glove boxes, piping, and tanks) used for the chemical recovery of plutonium. Test results showed that a primary requirement for a satisfactory coating is ease of decontamination. A closely related concern is the resistance of paint films to nitric acid - plutonium environments. A vinyl copolymer base paint was the only coating, of eight paints tested, with properties that permitted satisfactory decontamination of plutonium and also performed equal to or better than the other paints in the chemical resistance, radiation stability, and impact tests.

We experimentally determined the pressure limits that can be used to autoclave-bond RTNS-II targets without crushing the internal cooling channels. The maximum pressures are 40 to 55 MPa (6 to 8 ksi) in the 300-to-450/sup 0/C temperature regime.

Two-dimensional problems in electrostatics or magnetostatics frequently are solved numerically by means of relaxation techniques. In many such problems the ''sources'' (charges or currents, and regions of permeable material) lie exclusively within a finite closed boundary curve and the relaxation process in principle then could be confined to the region interior to such a boundary - provided a suitable boundary condition is imposed onto the solution at that boundary. The present notes discuss and illustrate the use of a boundary condition of such a nature as to imply the absence of external sources, in order thereby to avoid the inaccuracies and more extensive meshes present when alternatively a simple Dirichlet or Neumann boundary condition is specified on a somewhat more remote outer boundary.

Through extensive testing and analyses of the concretion process, billets and shipping conditions, it has been determined that properly cured concreted billets can be safely shipped to National Lead Company of Ohio (NLO), Fernald. During curing, billets will be dried for 26 days prior to shipment with the last 10 days between 54 to 66/sup 0/C (130 to 150/sup 0/F). Such dried billets can withstand temperatures up to 85/sup 0/C (185/sup 0/F). The maximum billet temperature that can be expected to occur in shipment is 50/sup 0/C (123/sup 0/F). Thus, the drying cycle becomes a burning test at temperatures which the billets will not reach during shipment to NLO.

This document reports the following: atomic absorption spectroscopy of Ir in Pu-Ir alloys; removal of Pu from soil; surface microanalysis using elemental x-ray mapping; microscopic scanning of Ga in Pu; microscopy of defects in Pu; emission spectroscopy of Ir and Y in PuO/sub 2/; gas chromatograhy of PCB's in transformer oils and water; liquid chromatography of chlorophenoxy acid herbicides in water; solution analysis by spark source mass spectrometry; a portable gas sampling system; flammability testing of HEPA filter materials; identification of Nomex and Kapton in fiberglass filters; bromine in Be density problem; x-ray fluorescence of Nb in U-Nb alloys; reactions in Pu-nitric acid-ethylene glycol; gas-fusion analysis of oxygen in chromium; analysis of sulfate and chloride in water-soluble oils; and decontamination of surface coatings. (DLC)

It has been shown that the extra condition needed to fix the stream function on an interior boundary in an incompressible liquid flow is that the integral of the pressure gradient along any path enclosing the boundary should vanish. More recently this constraint has been used to solve for a few special cases of compressible centrifuge flows. One way in which this constraint can be easily incorporated in a numerical scheme for solving the Onsager equation for the gas flow in a centrifuge is described.

As a prerequisite to high accuracy measurements involving the bulk configuration of /sup 6/LiD we must have a good grasp of the details of the RTNS-I neutron source energy spectrum. Experiments to this end involving neutron yield vs deuteron energy, ratios of foil activation of selected elements, and pulse height distributions of a Si surface barrier detector are described. With this knowledge, the /sup 4/He-production cross sections for /sup 6/Li and /sup 7/Li are found experimentally to be 0.512b and 0.336b, respectively, at anti E/sub N/ = 15.0 MeV in free-field geometry. 14 references.

The interaction of energetic electrons with highly charged ions is of great importance to several research fields such as astrophysics, laser fusion and magnetic fusion. In spite of this importance there are almost no measurements of electron interaction cross sections for ions more than a few times ionized. To address this problem an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) is being developed at LLNL. The device is essentially an EBIS except that it is not intended as a source of extracted ions. Instead the (variable energy) electron beam interacting with the confined ions will be used to obtain measurements of ionization cross sections, dielectronic recombination cross sections, radiative recombination cross sections, energy levels and oscillator strengths. Charge-exchange recombinaion cross sections with neutral gasses could also be measured. The goal is to produce and study elements in many different charge states up to He-like xenon and Ne-like uranium. 5 refs., 2 figs.

The ETA is a high current (10,000 Amp) linear induction accelerator that produces short (30 ns) pulses of electrons at 5 MeV twice per second or in bursts of 5 pulses separated by as little as one millisecond. At this time the machine has operated at 65% of its design current and 90% of the design voltage. This report contains a description of the accelerator and its diagnostics; the results of the initial year of operation; a comparison of design codes with experiments on beam transport; and a discussion of some of the special problems and their status.

Reviews have been conducted on both FLAG and CHEMFLUB's documentation and computer codes. The documentation of both models is: (1) incomplete, (2) confusing, (3) not helpful to the reader, (4) filled with extraneous information and (5) lack claimed versatility in analyzing coal gasifier systems. The documentation is such that the computer coding itself must be used as a reference to complete the documentation. Once the codes are set up they are relatively easy to run. We have exercised both of them. Most of our efforts thus far have been concentrated on FLAG because of its importance and complexity. FLAG in its present form can not be expected to yield meaningful data applicable to coal gasifier systems. The reasons for this are twofold. First, the model is incorrect in describing some aspects of fluid particle behavior in coal gasifier systems. Second, the numerical formulation/solution methodology is incorrectly implemented and introduces spurious numerical effects, thereby obscuring the physics of the model. In brief, this means that resulting calculations are not correctly related to the physics. CHEMFLUB, while less extensively exercised, shows that it should be no surprise that CHEMFLUB is best utilized as a tool for generating first approximations. We have concluded …

The analytical evaluation of two particular system identification codes used at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory is presented. Both codes are eigenparameter identification codes; however, one uses a time domain approach while the other a frequency domain approach. The evaluation was accomplished by analytically generating several time history signals in which the true modal parameters were known. These time histories ranged from widely spaced modes with spacing factors of 100 percent to closely spaced modes with spacing factors of 6 percent. These signals were then polluted with various levels of simulated measurement noise and the ability of our computer codes to extract the parameters from this noisy data was evaluated.

The use of snubbers for safety related piping systems has increased significantly during the last decade. A corresponding increase in snubber requirements (criteria) has also occurred. A review of these criteria indicates inconsistencies and contradictions, and reflects how rapidly knowledge and experience has been gained and applied. This study reviews and summarizes existing criteria, illustrates inconsistencies and recommends research to resolve conflicts.