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165
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6,163 Matching Results
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Experimental and Analytical Study of the Sputtering Phenomena
An experimental apparatus was constructed to examine the heat-transfer characteristics of a sputtering front. In the present study, a heat source of sufficient intensity was located immediately below the sputtering front, which prevented its downward progress, thus permitting detailed measurements of steady-state surface temperatures throughout a sputtering front. A two-dimensional analytical model was developed to describe a stationary sputtering front where the wet-dry interface corresponds to a CHF phenomena and the dry zone is adiabatic. This model is nonlinear because of the temperature dependence of the heat-transfer coefficient in the wetted region and has yielded good agreement with data. A simplified one-dimensional approximation was developed which adequately describes these data. Finally, by means of a coordinate transformation and additional simplifying assumptions, this analysis was extended to analyze moving sputtering fronts, and reasonably good agreement with reported data was shown.
Date:
March 1976
Creator:
Howard, Paul A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reactor Physics Studies in the Engineering Mockup Critical Assembly of the Fast Test Reactor
Reactor physics studies in the Engineering Mockup Critical (EMC) assembly of the Fast Test Reactor (FTR) facility are reported. The study included measurements of the neutron spectrum, Doppler effect, sodium-void worth, reaction rates, subassembly worths, material replacement worths, and FTR control, safety and shim rod worths. Each of these physics studies were made in a clean plutonium (low-Pu-240) fuel composition environment and a dirty plutonium (high-Pu-240) fuel composition environment. The fuel studies were in support of determining the attendant effects of operation and safety of utilizing Light Water Reactor (LWR) plutonium fuel in the FTR. Comparison of the measured and calculated results are presented.
Date:
July 1976
Creator:
Pond, R. B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Land Reclamation Program, Annual Report: July 1975-July 1976
Annual report of the Argonne National Laboratory Land Reclamation Program outlining the activities and research conducted during the year, various assessments and discussion, and related documentation.
Date:
December 1976
Creator:
Argonne National Laboratory. Land Reclamation Program.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Use of Krypton-85 for the Detection of Pinhole Failures in GCFR Cladding
Radioactive krypton-85 is used as a tracer to detect pinhole failures in GCFR cladding. High-purity helium (99.99% pure) that contains 0.3 ppm krypton-85 is used to pressurize the tubular test specimens, and a Geiger-Mueller counter is used to detect the krypton-85 in the helium environmental gas as it leaves the test chamber. Under the least favorable conditions of temperature and specimen pressure, it is estimated that the smallest pinhole failure that could be detected within 60 sec would have an orifice diameter of 0.0102 cm. Using lead shielding around the Geiger-Muller counter to reduce background radiation, the electronics associated with the krypton-85 detector will terminate a biaxial creep test at krypton-85 activity levels above 20 counts/minute.
Date:
May 1976
Creator:
Yaggee, F. L.; Purohit, A. & Poeppel, R. B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of Lithium/Metal Sulfide Batteries at Argonne National Laboratory : Summary Report
Overview of the battery program at Argonne National Laboratory being developed for use as energy storage devices for load-leveling on electric utilities and as power sources for electric automobiles.
Date:
May 1976
Creator:
Nelson, P. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Numerical Integration of Large Deflection Elastic-Plastic Axisymmetric Shells of Revolution
The improvement in the method of large deflection elastic-plastic analysis of shells and other structures appears to have continued interest. With the development in this work an improved numerical suppression scheme is now available for the large deflection elastic-plastic analysis of axisymmetric shells of revolution subjected to symmetric loadings. Quasi-linearization of Sander's non-linear shell equations is presented for the first time. With these quasi-linearized equations the suppression scheme has been developed to solve non-linear boundary-value problems. This suppression scheme has been used in conjunction with a Newton-Raphson method to improve a stable convergence process at the yield surface in elastic-plastic problems. Results presented indicate the accuracy of this numerical scheme. It appears to be possible to extend this method for more complicated situations.
Date:
December 1976
Creator:
Ahmed, Habib Uddin
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of the Hydrogen Yield in the Radiolysis of Water by Dissolved Fission Products
Hydrogen from the radiolysis of water by dissolved fission products is stripped from the solution and collected by bubbling carbon dioxide through the solution. Quantitative measurements of the G value for hydrogen show that the yield is essentially the same as would be obtained by external gamma radiolysis of nonradioactive solutions of the same chemical composition. The hydrogen yield can be enhanced by addition of a hydrogen-atom donor, such as formic acid, to the solution. The yield of hydrogen from fission-waste solutions is discussed with respect to the question of whether it represents a significant energy source.
Date:
April 1976
Creator:
Sauer, M. C., Jr.; Hart, E. J.; Flynn, K. F. & Gindler, J. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Physical Parameters in Synthoil Process, Quarterly Report: January-March 1976
This work is being done in support of the development of processes for converting coal to liquid fuel of low sulfur content, suitable for use in power production. Most of the effort is intended to produce information applicable to the SYNTHOIL Process. In the SYNTHOIL Process for converting coal to a low-sulfur fuel oil, coal is liquefied and hydro-desulfurized in a turbulent-flow, catalytic packed-bed reactor. A slurry of coal in recycled oil is reacted with hydrogen at 450 degrees C and 2,000 to 4,000 psi in the presence of Co-MoSiO2-Al2O3 catalyst. The turbulent flow of fluid prevents the coal's mineral matter from settling and plugging the reactor. The gross liquid products are centrifuged to remove the unreacted solids. The centrifuged liquid product is a low-S, low-ash fuel. The following four tasks are included: (1) heat of reaction of hydrogen with coal slurries; (2) heat transfer coefficient; (3) additives to facilitate separation of solids from liquids; and (4) catalyst testing. These are now in the planning stage of development.
Date:
1976?
Creator:
Fischer, J.; Lo, R.; Nandi, S.; Fredrickson, D.; Bump, T. R.; Mulcahey, T. P. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of a Cylindrical Shell Vibrating in a Cylindrical Fluid Region
Analytical and experimental methods are presented for evaluating the vibration characteristics of cylindrical shells such as the thermal liner of the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) reactor vessel. The NASTRAN computer program is used to calculate the natural frequencies, mode shapes, and response to a harmonic loading of a thin, circular cylindrical shell situated inside a fluid-filled rigid circular cylinder. Solutions in a vacuum are verified with an exact solution method and the SAP IV computer code. Comparisons between analysis and experiment are made, and the accuracy and utility of the fluid-solid interaction package of NASTRAN is assessed.
Date:
August 1976
Creator:
Chung, Ho; Mulcahy, T. M.; Turula, P. & Jendrzejczyk, J. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comparison of the AMDAHL 470V/6 and the IBM 370/195 Using Benchmarks
Six groups of jobs were run on the IBM 370/195 at the Applied Mathematics Division (AMD) of Argonne National Laboratory using the current production versions of OS/MVT 21.7 and ASP 3.1. The same jobs were then run on an AMDAHL 470V/6 at the AMDAHL manufacturing facilities in Sunnyvale, California, using the identical operating systems. Performances of the two machines are compared. Differences in the configurations were minimized. The memory size on each machine was the same, all software which had an impact on run times was the same, and the I/O configurations were as similar as possible. This allowed the comparison to be based on the relative performance of the two CPU's. As part of the studies preliminary to the acquisition of the IBM 195 in 1972, two of the groups of jobs had been run on a CDC 7600 by CDC personnel in Arden Hills, Minnesota, on an IBM 360/195 by IBM personnel in Poughkeepsie, New York, and on the AMD 360/50/75 production system in June, 1971.
Date:
March 1976
Creator:
Snider, D. R.; Midlock, J. L.; Hinds, A. R. & Engert, D. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Studies of Unprotected Loss-of-Flow Accidents for the Clinch River Breeder Reactor
Studies of unprotected loss-of-flow accidents in the CRBR for various rates of flow coast-down and with various options in the SAS 3A code did not lead to conditions for a violent disassembly. Maximum fuel temperatures using the SLUMPY module for disassembly were in the range 4000-4500 deg C. An approximate treatment of the LOF-driven TOP accident, not properly modeled by SAS 3A, indicates the possibility of some increase in accident severity. The effect of fission gas in dispersing fuel was not taken into account in these calculations. Parameter variations included the presence or absence of axial fuel expansion and of clad motion and use of the moving coolant film model versus the static film model. Study of severe pipe rupture accidents with scram indicated that pin power density and fuel-clad conductance were important parameters in determining what coolant flow rate was needed to prevent boiling after the rupture. It appears that for the CRBR when engineering hot channel factors are considered, this fraction would have to exceed 25 percent.
Date:
April 1976
Creator:
Hummel, Harry H.; Pizzica, P. A. & Kalimullah
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reactivity and Power Shape Control : Theory and Numerical Applications
An optimization method, based on linear programming, has been developed which determines the enrichment distribution in a multizone reactor such that the desired power distribution is achieved at BOL, as well as the poison distribution during reactor operation such that the reactor is kept critical and the desired power distribution is retained. For the numerical implementation of the method, the CYPRUS code has been written. Results of the application of the method are presented and input specifications for the use of the code are described.
Date:
June 1976
Creator:
Tzanos, Constantine P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Gasification of Chars Produced Under Simulated in situ Processing Conditions Quarterly Report: January-March 1976
This effort is being directed toward support studies for the national endeavor on in situ coal gasification. This task involves the investigation of reaction-controlling variables and product distributions for the gasification of both coals and chars utilizing steam and oxygen. Included in this task is the investigation of the effects of using brackish water as the water supply. The high-pressure char gasification system has been received from the manufacturer and is currently undergoing testing. The types of experiments that would be most useful in their studies have been discussed with two of the three laboratories carrying out field tests of in-situ gasification.
Date:
1976?
Creator:
Fischer, J.; Lo, R.; Young, J. & Jonke, A. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Germanium-Lithium Argon Scanning System (GLASS) : Design and Experience Through 1974
The germanium-lithium argon scanning system (GLASS) was installed in EBR-II to monitor and analyze the gamma activity of the reactor cover gas and the reactor building air. GLASS has the capability to identify and measure 20 or more gamma peaks. Applied to the reactor cover gas, this capability has proven useful in identifying the source of fission-gas leakage from fuel elements. The gamma-peak data can clearly distinguish a carbide-fuel source from an oxide-fuel source and can often help distinguish and oxide-fuel source from a metallic-fuel source.
Date:
July 1976
Creator:
Brunson, G. S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Summary on Experimental Methods for Statistical Transient Analysis of Two-Phase Gas-Liquid Flow
Much work has been done in the study of two-phase gas-liquid flows. Although it has been recognized superficially that such flows are not homogeneous in general, little attention has been paid to the inherent discreteness of the two-phase systems. Only relatively recently have fluctuating characteristics of two-phase flows been studied in detail. As a result, new experimental devices and techniques have been developed for use in measuring quantities previously ignored. This report reviews and summarizes most of these methods in an effort to emphasize the importance of the fluctuating nature of these flows and as a guide to further research in this field.
Date:
June 1976
Creator:
Delhaye, Jean-Marc & Jones, Owen C., Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fuel Dynamics Loss-of-Flow Test L3 : Final Report
The behavior of FTR-type, mixed-oxide, pre-irradiated, ''intermediate-power-structure'' fuel during a simulation of an FTR loss-of-flow accident was studied in the Mark-IIA integral TREAT loop. Analysis of the data reported here leads to a postulated scenario (sequence and timing) of events in the test. This scenario is presented, together with the calculated timing of events obtained by use of the SAS code.
Date:
June 1976
Creator:
Fischer, A. K.; Lo, R. K. & Barts, E. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Theory of Ionization by Electron Collisions
The problem of calculating comprehensive sets of cross sections for ionization of atoms and molecules is reviewed. Emphasis is put on targets that are already ionized and lower-energy collisions for which the incident electron must be treated on a par with target electrons. The physical circumstances are discussed in which perturbation methods should be adequate, and special investigations are recommended to identify the relevant ranges of parameters more precisely and dependably. A new R-matrix approach is outlined which should permit rather simple, approximate, but dependable calculations when the perturbation methods fail.
Date:
June 1976
Creator:
Fano, Ugo & Inokuti, Mitio
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High-Performance Batteries for Off-Peak Energy Storage and Electric-Vehicle Propulsion, Progress Report: April-June 1976
Quarterly report describing the research and management efforts of the program at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) on lithium/metal sulfide batteries during the period April-June 1976. These batteries are being developed for energy storage on utility networks and for electric-vehicle propulsion. The present cells, which operate at 400-4503C, are vertically oriented, prismatic cells with a central positive electrode of FeS or FeS2, two facing negative electrodes of lithium-aluminum alloy, and an electrolyte of molten LiCl-KCl.
Date:
July 1976
Creator:
Nelson, P. A.; Ivins, R. O.; Yao, N. P.; Battles, J. E.; Chilenskas, A. A.; Gay, E. C. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An Analysis of Factors Influencing the Reliability of Retrievable Storage Canisters for Containment of Solid High-Level Radioactive Waste
The reliability of stainless steel type 304L canisters for the containment of solidified high-level radioactive wastes in the glass and calcine forms was studied. A reference system, drawn largely from information furnished by Battelle Northwest Laboratories and Atlantic Richfield Hanford Company is described. Operations include filling the canister with the appropriate waste form, interim storage at a reprocessing plant, shipment in water to a Retrievable Surface Storage Facility (RSSF), interim storage at the RSSF, and shipment to a final disposal facility.
Date:
August 1976
Creator:
Mecham, W. J.; Seefeldt, Waldemar B. & Steindler, M. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Coal Liquefaction Support Studies
A development program is being carried out to obtain information applicable to the SYNTHOIL process for converting coal to liquid fuel of low sulfur content. This report presents information on (1) the design of a calorimeter to measure heat of reaction of hydrogen with coal slurries, (2) the design of apparatus and calculations for measuring coefficients of heat transfer from SYNTHOIL process feed and effluent products to process vessel walls, (3) tests on the use of additives to facilitate the removal of solids from oil produced in coal liquefaction processes, and (4) the design and construction of a test unit for evaluating new catalysts for coal liquefaction processes.
Date:
1976?
Creator:
Fischer, J.; Bump, T. R.; Mulcahey, T. P.; Jonke, A. A.; Lo, R.; Nandi, S. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Baseline Energy Consumption Forecasts for Transportation: A Review and Evaluation
A baseline projection of energy consumption is needed to estimate the potential energy savings from proposed transport technology and operational improvements. The Reference Energy System projection by Brookhaven National Laboratories and that which Stanford Research Institute produced for Gulf Oil are reviewed here. Attention is focused on the growth rate assumptions of the forecasts and the allowances made for the sensitivity of transport demand and technological efficiency to fuel price changes. The alternative trajectories of energy use are examined for automobile, bus and intercity air and rail passenger travel, and also for freight movement. Little, if any, justification can be found for many of the assumptions used to estimate transport demand and energy intensiveness. The assumptions underlying the Brookhaven National Laboratories projections are more explicit on changes in energy efficiency and energy price and shifts in transport patterns. However, the relationship of automobile travel, the largest component, to energy price is not specified clearly. The Stanford projection is based on seemingly arbitrary assumptions about changes in travel patterns and energy efficiency with no reference to the market process which must bring them about. It is concluded that the Brookhaven projection is a reasonable interim benchmark. Its structure should improve by …
Date:
May 1976
Creator:
Koppelman, Frank; O'Sullivan, Pat & Collum, Tom
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Radiative Cooling of a Voided Subassembly
A treatment is formulated for surface-to-surface radiative heat exchange between fuel pins and between pins and duct wall of a nuclear reactor subassembly voided of coolant. Specific attention is given to the case of equal power generation in each pin with uniform duct-wall temperature. Detailed temperature profiles and heat flux values are reported for hexagonal-ring subassemblies ranging in size from one to nine rings. It is found that a duct wall at 1153 degrees K can cool by radiation even a nine-ring voided subassembly operating at a power of up to 0.54 kW/ft per pin or 5.4% of full power without fuel slumping or melting, or that a seven-pin assembly can be cooled by radiation up to a power of 7.3 kw/ft.
Date:
1976
Creator:
Chan, S. H.; Condiff, D. W. & Grolmes, M. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Transportation Energy Conservation: Tools to Meet the National Objective. Summary of Meeting Held at Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois, February 12, 1976
From the discussions it was concluded that: (1) energy conservation can be achieved in transportation systems through the implementation of system operation and technological strategies; (2) the Federal government should play a vital role in achieving energy conservation by strengthening its position as a central information source, a clearinghouse for state and local governments, industry, and private citizens; (3) the potential for energy savings in transportation system operation and management, demand shifts, and reductions must not be overlooked; (4) modeling can be a useful tool in both research program management and forecasting the effects of implementing a particular strategy for energy conservation; (5) the evaluation and selection process for technology R and D must include commercialization studies along with the technological indicators of program success; and (6) Federal agencies need to coordinate their own activities in this area - - i.e., the Department of Transportation, the ERDA, the Federal Energy Administration, and the Environmental Protection Agency, among others, must work together so that research programs will be efficient and not redundant and strategies will not work at cross purposes.
Date:
1976
Creator:
LaBelle, Sarah J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Study of the State-of-the-Art of Instrumentation for Process Control and Safety in Large-Scale Coal Gasification, Liquefaction, and Fluidized-Bed Combustion Systems
A study has been carried out to determine the state-of-the-art of instrumentation which is available for process control and safety in planned demonstration and commercial scale coal gasification, liquefaction, and fluidized-bed combustion systems. The study identified available instrumentation which will perform satisfactorily in these systems and pinpointed deficiencies for which instruments must be developed. The identified deficiencies fall into the same few categories for all processes considered. These categories are presented with associated physical parameters found in the various processes studied. Development of instruments to meet these deficiencies is recommended along with development of control valves and optimal control schemes in order to assure the possibility of automatic control of the large scale coal conversion and combustion systems.
Date:
1976
Creator:
O'Fallon, N. M.; Beyerlein, R. A.; Managan, W. W.; Karplus, H. B. & Mulcahey, T. P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library