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Disruption Mitigation With High-Pressure Noble Gas Injection
OAK A271 DISRUPTION MITIGATION WITH HIGH-PRESSURE NOBLE GAS INJECTION. High-pressure gas jets of neon and argon are used to mitigate the three principal damaging effects of tokamak disruptions: thermal loading of the divertor surfaces, vessel stress from poloidal halo currents and the buildup and loss of relativistic electrons to the wall. The gas jet penetrates as a neutral species through to the central plasma at its sonic velocity. The injected gas atoms increase up to 500 times the total electron inventory in the plasma volume, resulting in a relatively benign radiative dissipation of >95% of the plasma stored energy. The rapid cooling and the slow movement of the plasma to the wall reduce poloidal halo currents during the current decay. The thermally collapsed plasma is very cold ({approx} 1-2 eV) and the impurity charge distribution can include > 50% fraction neutral species. If a sufficient quantity of gas is injected, the neutrals inhibit runaway electrons. A physical model of radiative cooling is developed and validated against DIII-D experiments. The model shows that gas jet mitigation, including runaway suppression, extrapolates favorably to burning plasmas where disruption damage will be more severe. Initial results of real-time disruption detection triggering gas jet injection …
Date:
October 2002
Creator:
Whyte, D. G.; Jernigan, T. C.; Humphreys, D. A.; Hyatt, A. W.; Lasnier, C. J.; Parks, P. B. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Physics Considerations in the Design of NCSX
Compact stellarators have the potential to make steady-state, disruption-free magnetic fusion systems with beta approximately 5% and relatively low aspect ratio (R/<a> < 4.5) compared to most drift-optimized stellarators. Magnetic quasi-symmetry can be used to reduce orbit losses. The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) is designed to test compact stellarator physics in a high-beta quasi-axisymmetric configuration and to determine the conditions for high-beta disruption-free operation. It is designed around a reference plasma with low ripple, good magnetic surfaces, and stability to the important ideal instabilities at beta approximately 4%. The device size, available heating power, and pulse lengths provide access to a high-beta target plasma state. The NCSX has magnetic flexibility to explore a wide range of equilibrium conditions and has operational flexibility to achieve a wide range of beta and collisionality values. The design provides space to accommodate plasma-facing components for divertor operation and ports for an extensive array of diagnostics.
Date:
October 9, 2002
Creator:
Neilson, G. H.; Zarnstorff, M. C.; Ku, L. P.; Lazarus, E. A.; Mioduszewski, P. K.; Fenstermacher, M. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Simulation of chamber transport for heavy-ion fusion
Beams for heavy-ion fusion (HIF) are expected to require substantial neutralization in a target chamber. Present targets call for higher beam currents and smaller focal spots than most earlier designs, leading to high space-charge fields. Collisional stripping by the background gas expected in the chamber further increases the beam charge. Simulations with no electron sources other than beam stripping and background-gas ionization show an acceptable focal spot only for high ion energies or for currents far below the values assumed in recent HIF power-plant scenarios. Much recent research has, therefore, focused on beam neutralization by electron sources that were neglected in earlier simulations, including emission from walls and the target, photoionization by radiation from the target, and pre-neutralization by a plasma generated along the beam path. The simulations summarized here indicate that these effects can significantly reduce the beam focal-spot size.
Date:
October 4, 2002
Creator:
Sharp, W. M.; Callahan, D. A.; Tabak, M. A.; Yu, S. S.; Peterson, P. F.; Rose, D. V. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES AND ANALYTICAL CAPABILITIES FOR VISION 21 ENERGY PLANTS
The implementation and testing of a file-based CFD database was completed (Task 2.8). The capability for transferring temperature-dependent physical properties from Aspen Plus to Fluent was developed (Task 2.12). The GUI for enabling the process analyst to select models from the CFD database and edit certain CFD model parameters was developed and tested (Task 2.13). Work on developing a CO wrapper for the INDVU code was started (Task 2.15). A solution strategy capability for enabling the process analyst to switch between different models representing a unit operation block was developed and tested (Task 2.16). The development of the Configuration Wizard for converting a FLUENT CFD model into a CO UO model was completed (Task 2.18). A low-order model based on the multiple regression technique was developed and tested (Task 2.19). An installation kit for the V21 Controller was developed using the Installer Vise software (Task 2.24). A flow sheet model for Demo Case 2 was developed and tested for three loads (100%, 75%, and 50%). Documentation of Demo Case 2 was completed and submitted to DOE (Task 3.2). The debugging of the tube bank heat transfer model was completed. The model calibration for a range of loads was started. A …
Date:
October 1, 2002
Creator:
Madhava Syamlal, Ph.D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
AISI/DOE Technology Roadmap Program Hot Oxygen Injection Into The Blast Furnace
Increased levels of blast furnace coal injection are needed to further lower coke requirements and provide more flexibility in furnace productivity. The direct injection of high temperature oxygen with coal in the blast furnace blowpipe and tuyere offers better coal dispersion at high local oxygen concentrations, optimizing the use of oxygen in the blast furnace. Based on pilot scale tests, coal injection can be increased by 75 pounds per ton of hot metal (lb/thm), yielding net savings of $0.84/tm. Potential productivity increases of 15 percent would yield another $1.95/thm. In this project, commercial-scale hot oxygen injection from a ''thermal nozzle'' system, patented by Praxair, Inc., has been developed, integrated into, and demonstrated on two tuyeres of the U.S. Steel Gary Works no. 6 blast furnace. The goals were to evaluate heat load on furnace components from hot oxygen injection, demonstrate a safe and reliable lance and flow control design, and qualitatively observe hot oxygen-coal interaction. All three goals have been successfully met. Heat load on the blowpipe is essentially unchanged with hot oxygen. Total heat load on the tuyere increases about 10% and heat load on the tuyere tip increases about 50%. Bosh temperatures remained within the usual operating range. …
Date:
October 21, 2002
Creator:
Riley, Michael F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High Spatial Resolution Imaging of Inertial Fusion Target Plasmas Using Bubble Newtron Detectors: Final Report
OAK B202 HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION IMAGING OF INERTIAL FUSION TARGET PLASMAS USING BUBBLE NEWTRON DETECTORS. Bubble detectors, which can detect neutrons with a spatial resolution of 5 to 30 {micro}, are a promising approach to high-resolution imaging of NIF target plasmas. Gel bubble detectors were used in successful proof-of-principle imaging experiments on OMEGA. Until recently, bubble detectors appeared to be the only approach capable of achieving neutron images of NIF targets with the desired 5 {micro} spatial resolution in the target plane. In 2001, NIF reduced the required standoff distance from the target, so that diagnostic components can now be placed as close as 10 cm to the target plasma. This will allow neutron imaging with higher magnification and may make it possible to obtain 5 {micro}m resolution images on NIF using deuterated scintillators. Having accomplished all that they can hope to on OMEGA using gel detectors, they suggested that the 2002 NLUF shots be used to allow experimental tests of the spatial resolution of the CEA-built deuterated scintillators. The preliminary CEA data from the June 2002 run appears to show the spatial resolution using the deuterated scintillator detector array is improved over that obtained in earlier experiments using the …
Date:
October 1, 2002
Creator:
Fisher, R. K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Experimental challenges for QCD - the past and the future.
The past leaves the surprising experimental successes of the simple constituent quark model to be explained by QCD. The future opens the way to new insight into QCD from heavy flavor experiments.
Date:
October 23, 2002
Creator:
Lipkin, H. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Calorimetry in CDF Run 2
The integrated calorimetry environment of CDF Run 2 comprises the Run 1 sampling scintillator calorimeters, electromagnetic preshower and shower maximum detectors, new scintillating-fiber endplug detectors, radioactive source calibration systems, dedicated trigger paths, and new custom front-end electronics. Together they form a general-purpose calorimetry system which was successfully commissioned in 2000/2001. The initial performance is described here, along with a glimpse of first CDF Run 2 data.
Date:
October 25, 2002
Creator:
Erbacher, R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
New Technologies to Reclaim Arid Lands User's Manual
Approximately 70 percent of all U.S. military training lands are located in arid and semi-arid areas. Training activities in such areas frequently adversely affect vegetation, damaging plants and reducing the resilience of vegetation to recover once disturbed. Fugitive dust resulting from a loss of vegetation creates additional problems for human health, increasing accidents due to decreased visibility, and increasing maintenance costs for roads, vehicles, and equipment. Under conventional technologies to mitigate these impacts, it is estimated that up to 35 percent of revegetation projects in arid areas will fail due to unpredictable natural environmental conditions, such as drought, and reclamation techniques that were inadequate to restore vegetative cover in a timely and cost-effective manner. New reclamation and restoration techniques are needed in desert ranges to help mitigate the adverse effects of military training and other activities to arid-land environments. In 1999, a cooperative effort between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the US. Department of Defense (DoD), and selected university scientists was undertaken to focus on mitigating military impacts in arid lands. As arid lands are impacted due to DoD and DOE activities, biological and soil resources are gradually lost and the habitat is altered. A conceptual model of that …
Date:
October 1, 2002
Creator:
Ostler, W. K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effect of Temperature and Electrolyte Composition on the Susceptibility of Alloy 22 to Localized Corrosion
The study of the electrochemical behavior of Alloy 22 has been carried out in various concentrated environments using different sample configurations. Comparisons were made between the electrochemical behaviors of Alloy 22 in concentrated chloride solutions, and in concentrated chloride solutions with nitrate ions (NO{sub 3}{sup -}). In other experiments, the effect of fluoride ions (F{sup -}) was investigated. These comparative studies were performed at various temperatures. The rate of corrosion was found to increase with increase in temperature. The presence of nitrate ions reduced corrosion attack on Alloy 22. F{sup -} was found to be more benign to Alloy 22 compared with chloride ions (Cl{sup -}). However a combination of F{sup -} and Cl{sup -} was found to initiate deeper crevices compared with the only Cl{sup -} in the electrolyte.
Date:
October 7, 2002
Creator:
Day, S.D.; Evans, K.J. & Ilevbare, G.O.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurements of Prompt and MHD-Induced Fast Ion Loss from National Spherical Torus Experiment Plasmas
A range of effects may make fast ion confinement in spherical tokamaks worse than in conventional aspect ratio tokamaks. Data from neutron detectors, a neutral particle analyzer, and a fast ion loss diagnostic on the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) indicate that neutral beam ion confinement is consistent with classical expectations in quiescent plasmas, within the {approx}25% errors of measurement. However, fast ion confinement in NSTX is frequently affected by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity, and the effect of MHD can be quite strong.
Date:
October 15, 2002
Creator:
Darrow, D. S.; Medley, S. S.; Roquemore, A. L.; Heidbrink, W. W.; Alekseyev, A.; Cecil, F. E. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Results of active well coincidence counter cross-calibration measurements at Argonne National Laboratory-West.
Nondestructive Assay (NDA) of Nuclear Materials (NM) is a common tool used by inspectors involved in Material Protection, Control and Accounting (MPC&A) programs, both domestically and internationally. NDA is generally used to quantify the properties of NM, usually by determining the mass or enrichment of materials such as U-235 or Pu-240. For the NDA of Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) metal, powder or scrap samples, Active Well Coincidence Counter (AWCC) NDA systems are routinely used. These systems bombard samples with neutrons, inducing fission events. The fissile mass of the sample is determined based upon the number of coincidence neutrons detected. To obtain accurate quantitative measurements using AWCC systems it is necessary to calibrate the instruments using physical standards representative of the unknown sample to be measured. During international inspections it is both expensive and difficult to obtain the large number of physical standards necessary to accurately assay the wide range of NM present at multiple sites. To address this issue, a cross-calibration method has been developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) allowing the transfer of calibration parameters measured to field inspection systems without the need for physical standards. Argonne National Laboratory-West (ANLW) routinely uses AWCC systems as part of its …
Date:
October 22, 2002
Creator:
Jensen, B. A.; Sanders, J.; Wenz, T. & R., Buchheit.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A TECHNICAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF AMINE-BASED CO2 CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY FOR POWER PLANT GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL
Capture and sequestration of CO{sub 2} from fossil fuel power plants is gaining widespread interest as a potential method of controlling greenhouse gas emissions. Performance and cost models of an amine (MEA)-based CO{sub 2} absorption system for post-combustion flue gas applications have been developed, and integrated with an existing power plant modeling framework that includes multi-pollutant control technologies for other regulated emissions. The integrated model has been applied to study the feasibility and cost of carbon capture and sequestration at both new and existing coal-burning power plants. The cost of carbon avoidance was shown to depend strongly on assumptions about the reference plant design, details of the CO{sub 2} capture system design, interactions with other pollution control systems, and method of CO{sub 2} storage. The CO{sub 2} avoidance cost for retrofit systems was found to be generally higher than for new plants, mainly because of the higher energy penalty resulting from less efficient heat integration, as well as site-specific difficulties typically encountered in retrofit applications. For all cases, a small reduction in CO{sub 2} capture cost was afforded by the SO{sub 2} emission trading credits generated by amine-based capture systems. Efforts are underway to model a broader suite of carbon …
Date:
October 1, 2002
Creator:
Rubin, Edward S. & Rao, Anand B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pressure and fluid saturation prediction in a multicomponent reservoir, using combined seismic and electromagnetic imaging
This paper presents a method for combining seismic and electromagnetic measurements to predict changes in water saturation, pressure, and CO{sub 2} gas/oil ratio in a reservoir undergoing CO{sub 2} flood. Crosswell seismic and electromagnetic data sets taken before and during CO{sub 2} flooding of an oil reservoir are inverted to produce crosswell images of the change in compressional velocity, shear velocity, and electrical conductivity during a CO{sub 2} injection pilot study. A rock properties model is developed using measured log porosity, fluid saturations, pressure, temperature, bulk density, sonic velocity, and electrical conductivity. The parameters of the rock properties model are found by an L1-norm simplex minimization of predicted and observed differences in compressional velocity and density. A separate minimization, using Archie's law, provides parameters for modeling the relations between water saturation, porosity, and the electrical conductivity. The rock-properties model is used to generate relationships between changes in geophysical parameters and changes in reservoir parameters. Electrical conductivity changes are directly mapped to changes in water saturation; estimated changes in water saturation are used along with the observed changes in shear wave velocity to predict changes in reservoir pressure. The estimation of the spatial extent and amount of CO{sub 2} relies on …
Date:
2002-10~
Creator:
Hoversten, G. M.; Gritto, Roland; Washbourne, John & Daley, Tom
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Radiation cancer analysis and low dose risk estimation: new developments and perspectives - conference to be held Feb 2002. Final technical report for period November 1, 2001--October 31, 2002
The Proceedings of the 20th LH Gray Conference on Radiation Cancer Analysis and Low Dose Risk Estimation: New Developments and Perspectives (17-21 February 2002, Ede, the Netherlands) comprises 32 peer-reviewed papers on invited and proffered contributions to the conference with a preface by the guest editors. The on-going discussion of low dose radiation risk; the issue of the linear, non-threshold extrapolation; and the anticipated new recommendations, e.g. from BEIR and ICRP, provided the back-drop for the conference. The meeting dealt with topics such as basic mechanisms and bystander effects, cancer modeling, cancer genetics, radon exposure and lung cancer risk, cancer after medical exposure, cancer risk estimation, dose-effect relationships, and application to radiation protection.
Date:
October 2002
Creator:
Brugmans, M. J. P. & Leenhouts, H. P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Inert-Matrix Fuel: Actinide ''Buringin'' and Direct Disposal
Excess actinides result from the dismantlement of nuclear weapons (Pu) and the reprocessing of commercial spent nuclear fuel (mainly 241 Am, 244 Cm and 237 Np). In Europe, Canada and Japan studies have determined much improved efficiencies for burnup of actinides using inert-matrix fuels. This innovative approach also considers the properties of the inert-matrix fuel as a nuclear waste form for direct disposal after one-cycle of burn-up. Direct disposal can considerably reduce cost, processing requirements, and radiation exposure to workers.
Date:
October 30, 2002
Creator:
Ewing, Rodney C. & Wang, Lumin
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
TRISO-Coated Fuel Processing to Support High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors
The initial objective of the work described herein was to identify potential methods and technologies needed to disassemble and dissolve graphite-encapsulated, ceramic-coated gas-cooled-reactor spent fuels so that the oxide fuel components can be separated by means of chemical processing. The purpose of this processing is to recover (1) unburned fuel for recycle, (2) long-lived actinides and fission products for transmutation, and (3) other fission products for disposal in acceptable waste forms. Follow-on objectives were to identify and select the most promising candidate flow sheets for experimental evaluation and demonstration and to address the needs to reduce technical risks of the selected technologies. High-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) may be deployed in the next -20 years to (1) enable the use of highly efficient gas turbines for producing electricity and (2) provide high-temperature process heat for use in chemical processes, such as the production of hydrogen for use as clean-burning transportation fuel. Also, HTGR fuels are capable of significantly higher burn-up than light-water-reactor (LWR) fuels or fast-reactor (FR) fuels; thus, the HTGR fuels can be used efficiently for transmutation of fissile materials and long-lived actinides and fission products, thereby reducing the inventory of such hazardous and proliferation-prone materials. The ''deep-burn'' concept, described …
Date:
October 1, 2002
Creator:
Del Cul, G.D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Recombination Parameters for Antimonide-Based Semiconductors using RF Photoreflection Techniques
RF photoreflection measurements and PC-1D simulations have been used to evaluate bulk and surface recombination parameters in antimonide-based materials. PC-1D is used to simulate the photoconductivity response of antimonide-based substrates and doubly-capped epitaxial layers and also to determine how to extract the recombination parameters using experimental results. Excellent agreement has been obtained with a first-order model and test structure simulation when Shockley-Reed-Hall (SRH) recombination is the bulk recombination process. When radiative, Auger and surface recombination are included, the simulation results show good agreement with the model. RF photoreflection measurements and simulations using PC-1D are compatible with a radiative recombination coefficient (B) of approximately 5 x 10{sup -11} cm{sup 3}/s, Auger coefficient (C) {approx} 1.0 x 10{sup -28} cm{sup 6}/s and surface recombination velocity (SRV) {approx} 600 cm/s for 0.50-0.55 eV doubly-capped InGaAsSb material with GaSb capping layers using the experimentally determined active layer doping of 2 x 10{sup 17} cm{sup -3}. Photon recycling, neglected in the analysis and simulations presented, will affect the extracted recombination parameters to some extent.
Date:
October 10, 2002
Creator:
Kumar, R. J.; Borrego, J. M.; Dutta, P. S.; Gutmann, R. J.; Wang, C. A.; Martinelli, R. U. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Stripper Gas Produced Water Remediation, Quarterly Technical Report: July-September 2002
Natural gas and oil production from stripper wells also produces water contaminated with hydrocarbons, and in most locations, salts and trace elements. The hydrocarbons are not generally present in concentrations that allow the operator to economically recover these liquids. Produced liquids, (Stripper Gas Water) which are predominantly water, present the operator with two options; purify the water to acceptable levels of contaminates, or pay for the disposal of the water. The project scope involves testing SynCoal as a sorbent to reduce the levels of contamination in stripper gas well produced water to a level that the water can be put to a productive use. Produced water is to be filtered with SynCoal, a processed sub-bituminous coal. It is expected that the surface area of and in the SynCoal would sorb the hydrocarbons and other contaminates and the effluent would be usable for agricultural purposes. Test plan anticipates using two well locations described as being disparate in the level and type of contaminates present. The loading capacity and the rate of loading for the sorbent should be quantified in field testing situations which include unregulated and widely varying liquid flow rates. This will require significant flexibility in the initial stages of …
Date:
October 2002
Creator:
Bonner, Harry & Malmquist, Roger
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Search for CP violation in hyperon decays.
Direct CP violation in nonleptonic hyperon decays can be established by comparing the decays of hyperons and anti-hyperons. For {Xi} decay to {Lambda} {pi} followed by {Lambda} to p{pi}, the proton distribution in the rest frame of Lambda is governed by the product of the decay parameters {alpha}{sub {Xi}} {alpha}{sub {Lambda}}. The asymmetry A{sub {Xi}{Lambda}}, proportional to the difference of {alpha}{sub {Xi}}{alpha}{sub {Lambda}} of the hyperon and anti-hyperon decays, vanishes if CP is conserved. We report on an analysis of a fraction of 1997 and 1999 data collected by the Hyper CP (E871) collaboration during the fixed-target runs at Fermilab. The preliminary measurement of the asymmetry is {Alpha}{sub {Xi}{Lambda}} = [-7 {+-} 12(stat) {+-} 6.2(sys)] x 10{sup -4}, an order of magnitude better than the present limit.
Date:
October 25, 2002
Creator:
Zyla, Piotr
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Synthesis of Sulfur-Based Water Treatment Agent From Sulfur Dioxide Waste Streams Progress Report
Absorption of sulfur dioxide from a simulated flue gas was investigated for the production of polymeric ferric sulfate (PFS), a highly effective coagulant useful in treatment of drinking water and wastewater. The reaction for PFS synthesis took place near atmospheric pressure and at temperatures of 30-80 C. SO{sub 2} removal efficiencies greater than 90% were achieved, with ferrous iron concentrations in the product less than 0.1%. A factorial analysis of the effect of temperature, oxidant dosage, SO{sub 2} concentration, and gas flow rate on SO{sub 2} removal efficiency was carried out, and statistical analyses are conducted. The solid PFS was also characterized with different methods. Characterization results have shown that PFS possesses both crystalline and non-crystalline structure. The kinetics of reactions among FeSO{sub 4} {center_dot} 7H{sub 2}O, NaHSO{sub 3} and NaClO{sub 3} was investigated. The PFS product was used in pilot-scale tests at a municipal water treatment facility and gave good results in removal of turbidity and superior results in removal of disinfection byproduct precursors (TOC, DOC, UV-254) when compared with equal doses of ferric chloride.
Date:
October 1, 2002
Creator:
Brown, Robert C.; Fan, Maohong & Cooper, Adrienne
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
New Method and Reporting of Uncertainty in LBNL National Energy Modeling System Runs
This report describes LBNL's approach for assessing uncertainty in any National Energy Modeling System (NEMS)-related analysis. Based on years of experience using LBNL-NEMS for various analyses, LBNL developed an alternative approach that aims to provide a simple yet comprehensive perspective of how the results behave under a given set of what we believe to be some of the issues important to large-scale energy modeling. This project has established a standard set of eight sensitivity cases that can be run overnight and are highly likely to produce stable and interesting results. The goal was to establish a limited number of interesting sensitivity cases that would routinely produce adjunct results to LBNL-NEMS reporting that will be of value to our readers. These cases will be routinely reported together with future LBNL-NEMS results in the form of a standard output table. As an example, this work uses a Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) analysis run as the baseline, but th e goal is to establish a standardized set of cases that would change little over time and be applicable to other analyses in addition to GPRA. The approach developed here cannot serve as a substitute for a sensitivity analysis tailored to the …
Date:
October 1, 2002
Creator:
Gumerman, Etan Z.; LaCommare, Kristina Hamachi & Marnay, Chris
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geotechnical Analysis Report for July 1999-June 2000
This Geotechnical Analysis Report (GAR) presents and interprets the geotechnical data from the underground excavations at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). The data, which are obtained as part of a regular monitoring program, are used to characterize conditions, to compare actual performance to the design assumptions, and to evaluate and forecast the performance of the underground excavations during operations. GARs have been available to the public since 1983. During the Site and Preliminary Design Validation (SPDV) Program, the architect/engineer for the project produced these reports on a quarterly basis to document the geomechanical performance during and immediately after excavation of the underground facility. Since the completion of the construction phase of the project in 1987, the management and operating contractor for the facility has prepared these reports annually. This report describes the performance and condition of selected areas from July 1, 1999, to June 30, 2000. It is divided into ten chapters. The remainder of Chapter 1 provides background information on the WIPP, its mission, and the purpose and scope of the geomechanical monitoring program. Chapter 2 describes the local and regional geology of the WIPP site. Chapters 3 and 4 describe the geomechanical instrumentation located in the shafts …
Date:
October 1, 2002
Creator:
Solutions, Westinghouse TRU
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Constant Load SCC Initiation Response of Alloy 22 (UNS N06022), Titanium Grade 7 and Stainless Steels at 105C
This paper provides an update on research addressing the effects of material condition and applied stress on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in waste package and drip shield materials for the Yucca Mountain Project. Time-to-failure experiments are being performed on smooth bar tensile specimens in a hot, concentrated, mixed-salt solution chosen to simulate concentrated Yucca Mountain water. The effects of applied stress, welding, surface finish, shot peening, cold work, crevicing, and aging treatment are being investigated for Alloy 22 (UNS N06022). Aging treatments were designed to produce topologically close-packed phases (TCP) and long-range ordering (LRO) and are under investigation as worse-case scenarios for possible microstructures in Alloy 22 (UNS N06022). Titanium Grade 7 and 3 16NG stainless steel are included in the matrix, as they are identified for drip shield and waste package components, respectively. Sensitized 304SS specimens are included in the test matrix to provide benchmark data. This research complements high-resolution crack-growth-rate experiments currently being performed in a parallel research project.
Date:
October 10, 2002
Creator:
Young, L. M.; Catlin, G. M.; Andresen, P. L. & Gordon, G. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library