The short- and intermediate-range order as well as atomic dynamics in various phosphate glasses were investigated using neutron diffraction and inelastic scattering. The 3-D network of corner-sharing PO{sub 4} tetrahedra in g-P{sub 2}O{sub 5} is highly unstable and hygroscopic. Depolymerization of the network to chain-like structure and eventually to unconnected PO{sub 4} units by incorporating alkali, alkali-earth or transition-metal modifiers is clearly evident in the structure factor S(Q) in the Q < 4 {angstrom}{sup -1} region. The dynamic response to such structural changes is equally strong: e.g., the broad P-O stretching band extending to 170 meV in g-P{sub 2}O{sub 5} is sharpened and shifted down to {approximately}125 meV in the orthophosphate composition. The correlation between the microscopic structure and physical properties for a series of P-glasses is discussed.

This document presents detailed data, bar graphs, and pie charts on volume, radioactivity, isotopic identity, origin, and status of radioactive waste for calendar year 1996. It also summarizes the radioactive waste data records compiled from 1952 to present for the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). The data presented are from the INEEL Radioactive Waste Management Information System.

This document describes the cleanup, sampling, and analysis activities associated with the closure of the 303-K Storage Facility under the Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 173-303-610, ``Dangerous Waste Regulations.`` this document is a supplement to the 303-K Storage Facility Closure Plan (DOE-RL 1995a) (Closure Plan). The objective of these activities is to support clean closure of the 303 K Storage Facility. This document defines the information and activities needed to meet this objective, including: constituents of concern, cleanup performance standards, cleanup activities, sampling locations and methods, field screening locations and methods, field quality control requirements, laboratory analytical methods, and data validation methodology. This document supersedes the Closure Plan if the two conflict

BNL has been developing a remote sensing technique for the detection of atmospheric pollutants based on the phenomenon of resonance Raman LIDAR that has also incorporated a number of new techniques/technologies designed to extend it`s performance envelope. When the excitation frequency approaches an allowed electronic transition of the molecule, an enormous enhancement of the inelastic scattering cross-section can occur, often up to 2 to 4 orders-of-magnitude, and is referred to as resonance Raman (RR), since the excitation frequency is in resonance with an allowed electronic transition. Exploitation of this enhancement along with new techniques such as pattern recognition algorithms to take advantage of the spectral fingerprint and a new laser frequency modulation technique designed to suppress broadband fluorescence, referred to as Frequency modulated Excitation Raman Spectroscopy (FreMERS) and recent developments in liquid edge filter technology, for suppression of the elastic channel, all help increase the overall performance of Raman LIDAR.

The application of propagation of variance (POV) for estimating the variance of a material balance is straightforward but tedious. Several computer codes exist today to help perform POV. Examples include MAWST (`materials accounting with sequential testing,` used by some Department of Energy sites) and VP (`variance propagation,` used for training). Also, some sites have such simple error models that custom `spreadsheet like` calculations are adequate. Any software to perform POV will have its strengths and weaknesses. A main disadvantage of MAWST is probably its limited form of error models. This limited form forces the user to use cryptic pseudo measurements to effectively extend the allowed error models. A common example is to include sampling error in the total random error by dividing the actual measurement into two pseudo measurements. Because POV can be tedious and input files can be presented in multiple ways to MAWST, it is valuable to have an alternative method to compare results. This paper describes a new code, VPSim, that uses Monte Carlo simulation to do POV. VPSim does not need to rely on pseudo measurements. It is written in C++, runs under Windows NT, and has a user friendly interface. VPSim has been tested on …

The Jointly Sponsored Research Program emphasizes technology commercialization and continues to be highly successful and supported strongly and enthusiastically by WRI`s industrial clientele. All of the available Department of Energy (USDOE) funding for each of the first seven years has been committed to projects. This report provides fossil fuel project descriptions and environmental programs related to the monitoring in those programs.

The vector potential and the magnetic field have been derived for an arrays of quadrupole magnets with thin Cos(2{theta}) current sheet placed at r = R.{sup bc}. The field strength of each coil within the array, varies purely as a Fourier sinusoidal series of the longidutinal coordinate z in proportion to {omega}{sub m}z, where {omega}{sub m} = (2m-1){pi}/L, L denotes the half-period, and m = 1,2,3 etc. The analysis is based on the expansion of the vector potential in the region external to the windings of a linear 3D quad, and a revision of that expansion by the application of the 'Addition Theorem' from that around the coil center to that around any arbitrary point in space.

This report provides an overview of free and reduced-rate TV time and discusses the policy, constitutional, and legal issues it raises.

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This report gives an overview of Forest Roads construction and Financing. It discusses the current road system, statistics over the years.

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This report covers the Civilian Marksmanship Program and its relationship with Congress. It also covers issues and controversial nature of the government initiated program.

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The International Workshop on Sustainable Forest Management: Monitoring and Verification of Greenhouse Gases was held in San Jose, Costa Rica, July 29-31, 1996. The main objectives of the workshop were to: (1) assemble key practitioners of forestry greenhouse gas (GHG) or carbon offset projects, remote sensing of land cover change, guidelines development, and the forest products certification movement, to offer presentations and small group discussions on findings relevant to the crucial need for the development of guidelines for monitoring and verifying offset projects, and (2) disseminate the findings to interested carbon offset project developers and forestry and climate change policy makers, who need guidance and consistency of methods to reduce project transaction costs and increase probable reliability of carbon benefits, at appropriate venues. The workshop brought together about 45 participants from developed, developing, and transition countries. The participants included researchers, government officials, project developers, and staff from regional and international agencies. Each shared his or her perspectives based on experience in the development and use of methods for monitoring and verifying carbon flows from forest areas and projects. A shared sense among the participants was that methods for monitoring forestry projects are well established, and the techniques are known and …

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As part of a project to develop methods of placing highly reflective multilayer coatings on the inside of Wolter I mirrors, we have been pursuing a program of measuring flat mirrors. These flats have been produced and examined at various stages of the process we plan to use to fabricate multilayer coated Wolter I mirrors. The flats were measured via optical profiler, AFM, (both done at Brookhaven National Lab) and X-ray reflection (done at the Argonne National Lab (ANL) Advanced Photon Source (APS)). We report for the first time, to our knowledge, the successful placement of multilayers on an electroform by depositing the multilayers on a master and then electroforming onto this master and removing the multilayers, intact, on the electroform. This process is the one we plan to use to place multilayers on the inside of Wolter I optics.

The purpose of this design analysis is to document the SAS2H depletion calculations of certain non-rodded fuel assemblies from batches 4 and 5 of the Crystal River Unit 3 pressurized water reactor (PWR) that are required for commercial Reactor Critical (CRC) evaluations to support the development of the disposal criticality methodology. A non-rodded assembly is one which never contains a control rod assembly (CRA) or an axial power shaping rod assembly (APSRA) during its irradiation history. The objective of this analysis is to provide SAS2H generated isotopic compositions for each fuel assembly's depleted fuel and depleted burnable poison materials. These SAS2H generated isotopic compositions are acceptable for use in CRC benchmark reactivity calculations containing the various fuel assemblies.

The purpose of this design analysis is to document the SAS2H depletion calculations of certain non-rodded fuel assemblies from batches 1, 2, and 3 of the Crystal River Unit 3 pressurized water reactor (PWR) that are required for Commercial Reactor Critical (CRC) evaluations to support development of the disposal criticality methodology. A non-rodded assembly is one which never contains a control rod assembly (CRA) or an axial power shaping rod assembly (APSRA) during its irradiation history. The objective of this analysis is to provide SAS2H generated isotopic compositions for each fuel assembly's depleted fuel and depleted burnable poison materials. These SAS2H generated isotopic compositions are acceptable for use in CRC benchmark reactivity calculations containing the various fuel assemblies.