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MHTGR thermal performance envelopes: Reliability by design
This document discusses thermal performance envelopes which are used to specify steady-state design requirements for the systems of the Modular High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor to maximize plant performance reliability with optimized design. The thermal performance envelopes are constructed around the expected operating point accounting for uncertainties in actual plant as-built parameters and plant operation. The components are then designed to perform successfully at all points within the envelope. As a result, plant reliability is maximized by accounting for component thermal performance variation in the design. The design is optimized by providing a means to determine required margins in a disciplined and visible fashion.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Etzel, K.T.; Howard, W.W. & Zgliczynski, J.B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Enhanced Durability and Reactivity for Zinc Ferrite Desulfurization Sorbent
AMAX Research Development Center (AMAX R D) has been investigating methods for enhancing the reactivity and durability of the zinc ferrite desulfurization sorbent. Zinc ferrite sorbents are intended for use in desulfurization of hot coal gas in integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) or molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) applications. For the present program, the reactivity of the sorbent may be defined as its sulfur sorption capacity at the breakthrough point and at saturation in a bench-scale, fixed-bed reactor. Durability may be defined as the ability of the sorbent to maintain important physical characteristics such as size, strength, and specific surface area during 10 cycles of sulfidation and oxidation.
Date:
May 2, 1989
Creator:
Silaban, A. & Harrison, D.P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
MPS II drift-chamber system
A new system of detectors (MPS II) which has been installed and operated in the Brookhaven National Laboratory Multiparticle Spectrometer (MPS), consisting of short drift distance drift chambers is briefly described. (WHK)
Date:
May 13, 1982
Creator:
Etkin, A.; Eiseman, S. & Foley, K.J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High temperature fuel cell research and development. Final technical status report, 1 March 1979-31 March 1980. [Molten carbonate fuel cells]
The objective of the program has been to evaluate potential materials for their chemical and physical stability in molten carbonate fuel cell electrolyte. Eleven powdered candidate materials were selected based on previous physical and chemical stability tests at elevated temperatures on solid materials and/or their thermodynamic stability with respect to proposed degradation reactions. The eleven candidate materials, plus gamma lithium aluminate, were characterized prior to corrosion testing utilizing (a) Chemical Analysis, (b) X-ray Diffraction for Phase Identification, (c) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and (d) Surface Area Analysis (B.E.T.). The powders were corrosion tested initially for 200 hours by heating to 700/sup 0/C in a mixture of 62% Li/sub 2/CO/sub 3/-38% K/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ under a fuel gas atmosphere. The gas composition was based on reformed Naphtha at 700/sup 0/C and consisted of 50.2% H/sub 2/, 10.8% CO, 9.5% CO/sub 2/, and 29.5% H/sub 2/O. The samples were tested in an inert container made by coating the interior of alumina crucibles with a layer of 0.002-inch gold. Seven of the original test materials (Al rich MgAl/sub 2/O/sub 4/, Mg rich MgAl/sub 2/O/sub 4/, Al/sub 2/(/sub 1-x/)Cr/sub 2x/O/sub 3/, CaZrO/sub 3/, MgTa/sub 2/O/sub 6/, CoAl/sub 2/O/sub 4/, and MgZrO/sub 3/) were eliminated …
Date:
May 1, 1980
Creator:
Lessing, P.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Broad-Application Test Reactor
This report is about a new, safe, and operationally efficient DOE reactor of nuclear research and testing proposed for the early to mid- 21st Century. Dubbed the Broad-Application Test Reactor (BATR), the proposed facility incorporates a multiple-application, multiple-mission design to support DOE programs such as naval reactors and space power and propulsion, as well as research in medical, science, isotope, and electronics arenas. DOE research reactors are aging, and implementing major replacement projects requires long lead times. Primary design drivers include safety, low risk, minimum operation cost, mission flexibility, waste minimization, and long life. Scientists and engineers at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory are evaluating possible fuel forms, structural materials, reactor geometries, coolants, and moderators.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Motloch, C. G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Implementation of logical networks in System 2000 data bases
The need for a means to express general relationships (networks) among entity occurrences (data sets) in System 2000 data bases is established. Integer expression of general path segments is described as a means to meet this need. Operations on the expressions are also described. Two possible implementations are discussed. Either or both of these implementations can be included by the user in System 2000 data bases. They are compatible with the System 2000 hierarchical data model, and could also be internally implemented as an enhancement to System 2000. 4 figures.
Date:
May 1, 1980
Creator:
Hall, R. C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of radiofrequency fields
We are literally surrounded by radiofrequency (RFR) and microwave radiation, from both natural and man-made sources. The identification and control of man-made sources of RFR has become a high priority of radiation safety professionals in recent years. For the purposes of this paper, we will consider RFR to cover the frequencies from 3 kHz to 300 MHz, and microwaves from 300 MHz to 300 GHz, and will use the term RFR interchangeably to describe both. Electromagnetic radiation and field below 3 kHz is considered Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) and will not be discussed in this paper. Unlike x- and gamma radiation, RFR is non-ionizing. The energy of any RFR photon is insufficient to produce ionizations in matter. The measurement and control of RFR hazards is therefore fundamentally different from ionizing radiation. The purpose of this paper is to acquaint the reader with the fundamental issues involved in measuring and safely using RFR fields. 23 refs.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Leonowich, J.A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Broadband diffractive lens
Significant progress has been made toward solving the century-old problem of chromatic aberrations in diffractive optics. Our approach exploits modern materials and microfabrication technology and is very different from the purely diffractive strategy,'' which is commonly employed and which results in multiple diffractive elements separated by a finite distance. We have developed a Fresnel zone plate lens comprised of a serial stack of patterned minus-filters which allows broadband radiation to be focused (or imaged) without longitudinal or transverse chromatic aberrations. 7 refs., 4 figs.
Date:
May 28, 1991
Creator:
Ceglio, N. M.; Hawryluk, A. M.; London, R. A.; Seppala, L. G. (Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (USA)) & Gaines, D. P. (Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT (USA))
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Method and apparatus for injecting a substance into the bloodstream of a subject
An apparatus and method for injecting a substance, such as a radiopharmaceutical, into the bloodstream of a subject is described. The apparatus comprises an injection means, such as a servo controlled syringe, a means for measuring the concentration of that substance in the subject's bloodstream, and means for controlling the injection in response to the measurement so that the concentration of the substance follows a predetermined function of time. The apparatus of the subject invention functions to inject a substance into a subject's bloodstream at a rate controlled by an error signal proportional to the difference between the concentration of the substance in the subject's bloodstream and the predetermined function.
Date:
May 29, 1981
Creator:
Lambrecht, R. M.; Bennett, G. W.; Duncan, C. C. & Ducote, L. W.
Object Type:
Patent
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Instrumentation for two-phase geothermal flow
None
Date:
May 28, 1975
Creator:
Calder, C. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Method for evaluating the potential of geothermal energy in industrial process heat applications
A method is presented for evaluating the technical and economic potential of geothermal energy for industrial process heat applications. The core of the method is a computer program which can be operated either as a design analysis tool to match energy supplies and demands, or as an economic analysis tool if a particular design for the facility has already been selected. Two examples are given to illustrate the functioning of the model and to demonstrate that results reached by use of the model closely parallel those that have been determined by more traditional techniques. Other features of interest in the model include: (1) use of decision analysis techniques as well as classical methods to deal with questions relating optimization; (2) a tax analysis of current regulations governing percentage depletion for geothermal deposits; and (3) development of simplified correlations for the thermodynamic properties of salt solutions in water.
Date:
May 1, 1980
Creator:
Packer, M.B.; Mikic, B.B. & Meal, H.C., Guillamon-Duch, H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND TECHNIQUES FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE COMPATIBILITY STUDIES
The development of apparatus and laboratory techniques for the study of materials compatibility with 1500 to 2200 deg F potassium was attempted. Techniques for corrosion tab preparation, dry box capsule filling and sampling, and vacuum filling and sampling are described. Apparatus for rotating capsule testing to 2000 F, rotating capsule testing to 2400 deg F, and anisothermal see-saw'' capsule testing is also described. (auth)
Date:
May 31, 1961
Creator:
Smith, W.T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Thermochemical water-splitting cycle, bench-scale investigations, and process engineering. Final report, February 1977-December 31, 1981
The sulfur-iodine water-splitting cycle is characterized by the following three reactions: 2H/sub 2/O + SO/sub 2/ + I/sub 2/ ..-->.. H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ + 2HI; H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ ..-->.. H/sub 2/O + SO/sub 2/ + 1/2 O/sub 2/; and 2HI ..-->.. H/sub 2/ + I/sub 2/. This cycle was developed at General Atomic after several critical features in the above reactions were discovered. These involved phase separations, catalytic reactions, etc. Estimates of the energy efficiency of this economically reasonable advanced state-of-the-art processing unit produced sufficiently high values (to approx.47%) to warrant cycle development effort. The DOE contract was largely directed toward the engineering development of this cycle, including a small demonstration unit (CLCD), a bench-scale unit, engineering design, and costing. The work has resulted in a design that is projected to produce H/sub 2/ at prices not yet generally competitive with fossil-fuel-produced H/sub 2/ but are projected to be favorably competitive with respect to H/sub 2/ from fossil fuels in the future.
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
Norman, J.H.; Besenbruch, G.E.; Brown, L.C.; O'Keefe, D.R. & Allen, C.L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
BRUTE
BRUTE is an algorithm to derive the implied boundary of a piecepart from the part's wireframe representation. BRUTE's input is an IGES file. The geometry is extracted and used to derive the edge-vertex (EV) topology. BRUTE then uses a divide-and-conquer method to derive all reasonable face-edge-vertex (FEV) topologies from the EV topology. The final step is to determine the geometry of each face by using the geometry of its edges. Any FEV topology that contains a face that is not a valid surface type is rejected. Valid surface types are plane, cylinder, cone, and sphere.
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
Christensen, N.C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Non-dispersive soft x-ray fluorescence analyses of rocks and waters. [Samples from geothermal areas in north-central Nevada]
None
Date:
May 1, 1975
Creator:
Herbert, A.J. & Bowman, H.R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comprehensive work plan and health and safety plan for the 7500 Area Contamination Site sampling at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
As part of the Environmental Restoration Program sponsored by the US Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management, this plan has been developed for the environmental sampling efforts at the 7500 Area Contamination Site, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, Tennessee. This plan was developed by the Measurement Applications and Development Group (MAD) of the Health and Safety Research Division of ORNL and will be implemented by ORNL/MAD. Major components of the plan include (1) a quality assurance project plan that describes the scope and objectives of ORNL/MAD activities at the 7500 Area Contamination Site, assigns responsibilities, and provides emergency information for contingencies that may arise during field operations; (2) sampling and analysis sections; (3) a site-specific health and safety section that describes general site hazards, hazards associated with specific tasks, personnel protection requirements, and mandatory safety procedures; (4) procedures and requirements for equipment decontamination and responsibilities for generated wastes, waste management, and contamination control; and (5) a discussion of form completion and reporting required to document activities at the 7500 Area Contamination Site.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Burman, S. N.; Landguth, D. C.; Uziel, M. S.; Hatmaker, T. L. & Tiner, P. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A toxicological study of gadolinium nitrate
The sensitization study in the guinea pig did not show gadolinium nitrate to have potential sensitizing properties. Skin application studies in the rabbit demonstrated that it was cutaneously a severe irritant. This material was considered an irritant in the rabbit eye application studies. 3 refs., 1 tab.
Date:
May 1, 1988
Creator:
London, J.E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mechanisms governing fine particulate emissions from coal flames
The overall objective of this project is to provide a basic understanding of the principal processes that govern fine particulate formation in pulverized coal flames. This understanding is to be sued to develop a model (or models) which will predict the yield and size distribution of fine particulate matter as a function of coal type, coal processing, and combustion conditions. The goal of the model is to provide an engineering tool that will enable the practitioner to estimate the consequences of deign decisions and fuel selection on the fine particulate yield. The practitioner can then make rational decisions regarding the required technology and costs associated with effluent cleanup while still in the design phase.
Date:
May 1, 1989
Creator:
Newton, G. H.; Schieber, C.; Socha, R. G.; Clark, W. D. & Kramlich, J. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Two-Photon Collisions and QCD
A critical review of the applications of QCD to low- and high-p/sub T/ interactions of two photons is presented. The advantages of the two-photon high-p/sub T/ tests over corresponding hadronic beam and/or target tests of QCD are given particular emphasis.
Date:
May 1, 1980
Creator:
Gunion, J. F.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Research in theoretical particle physics
This report discusses the following topics in high energy physics: dynamical symmetry breaking and Schwinger-Dyson equation; consistency bound on the minimal model Higgs mass; tests of physics beyond the standard model; particle astrophysics; the interface between perturbative and non-perturbative QCD; cosmology; anisotropy in quantum networks and integer quantum hall behavior; anomalous color transparency; quantum treatment of solitons; color transparency; quantum stabilization of skyrmions; and casimir effect. (LSP)
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
McKay, D.W.; Munczek, H. & Ralston, J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
/sup 238/Pu fuel-form processes. Quarterly report, October-December 1981
Progress in the Savannah River /sup 238/Pu Fuel Form Program is summarized. Work during this period concentrated on the extensive cracking of the /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ fuel form prior to encapsulation in the iridium containment shell for heat sources. This cracking results in increased recycle cost and decreased production efficiency. To better understand this cracking, Savannah River Laboratory (SRL) has made an extensive review of the development of /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ fuel forms from small-scale Multi-hundred Watt (MHW) pellets through the current GPHS full-scale pellet production. Historically, /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ fuel has almost always been uncracked after hot pressing in a graphite die, but has emerged cracked and fragile from the final heat-treatment furnace. The cracking tendency depends on the microstructure of the fuel form and on the hot pressing conditions used to fabricate it. In general, a microstructure of large intershard porosity is more desirable because it allows internal gas to escape more readily and it can absorb more reoxidation strain. Studies of the GPHS microstructure showed that the internal structures of typical GPHS Pellets fabricated at LANL and in the PEF differed significantly. The LANL pellets had severe density gradients and were extensively cracked.
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Milliwatt generator project: Progress report, April 1983--March 1984
This report covers progress on the Milliwatt Generator Project during April 1983--March 1984. Activities included (plutonium 238 oxide) fuel processing and characterization, production of heat sources, fabrication of pressure-burst test units, compatibility studies, impact testing, examination of surveillance units, Inconel weld development, and qualilty assurance.
Date:
May 1, 1988
Creator:
Rinehart, G.H. & Latimer, T.W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Optimal forced-air distribution in new housing
This paper summarizes a system integration approach to residential heating, cooling, and ventilation, embodied in a tight building envelope with precooling and dehumidification of forced ventilation air, and with ducts in the conditioned space.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Andrews, J. W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Experimental test of resonant absorption theory. Final report, January 1, 1978-December 31, 1979
This experimental research has probed the nature of resonant absorption (RA) of laser light by laser-produced plasmas. The plasmas were created by optical breakdown of a shockfront produced in an electrothermal shock tube. This procedure allows the density structure of the plasma, and in particular, the orientation of the plasma critical-density surface, to be reproducibly formed from one shot to the next. Thus, for the first time, RA has been controllably and reproducibly studied in isolation from other plasma physics. The angular distribution of fast electrons emitted by RA and wavebreaking has been studied, and it is observed that the emission is directed in a narrow cone centered on the shockfront density-gradient vector, in agreement with the theory of wavebreaking.
Date:
May 1, 1979
Creator:
Yablonovitch, E
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library