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Bonneville Power Administration, Office of Engineering 10-Year Plan, 1992-2001 : Draft.
For over 50 years, the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) has evolved to supply electric power to more than 170 customer utilities and direct service industries across 14,800 miles of high voltage transmission lines. BPA's Office of Engineering provides the planning, development, and engineering for the required expansion, upgrade, and replacement of the transmission system. The purpose of this 10-Year Plan is to present strategies to maintain a reliable energy delivery system within changing public, business, technological, and environmental climates. The issues and trends discussed in this document and our strategies for addressing them provide the background for the Office of Engineering programs and projects. With a budget in the hundreds of millions annually and increasing public concern, we welcome the opportunity to communicate with our customers. In addition to the factors, trends and issues described in this document are two appendices containing project costs and program and staffing levels. These figures are preliminary with estimates current as of May 13, 1992.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Engineering., United States. Bonneville Power Administration. Office of
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Environmental Regulatory Update Table, March/April 1992
The Environmental Regulatory Update Table provides information on regulatory initiatives of interest to DOE operations and contractor staff with environmental management responsibilities. The table is updated bi-monthly with information from the Federal Register and other sources, including direct contact with regulatory agencies. Each table entry provides a chronological record of the rulemaking process for that initiative with an abstract and a projection of further action.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Houlberg, L. M.; Hawkins, G. T. & Salk, M. S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Edge gradient and safety factor effects on electrostatic turbulent transport in tokamaks
Electrostatic turbulence and transport measurements are performed on the Tokapole-II tokamak at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, as the safety-factor and the edge equilibrium gradients and varied substantially. Tokapole-II is a poloidal divertor tokamak capable of operating at a wide range of safety factors due to its unique magnetic limiter configuration. It also has retractable material limiters in a large scrape-off region, which permits the study of edge boundary conditions like density and temperature gradients. The turbulence is independent of safety factor, but strongly sensitive to the local density gradient, which itself depends upon the limiter configuration. When a material limiter is inserted in a high <qa> discharge, the density gradient is increased locally together with a local increase of the turbulence. On the other hand, limiter insertion in low <qa> discharges did not increase the density gradient as much and the turbulence properties are unchanged with respect to the magnetic limiter case. It is conducted then, that electrostatic turbulence is caused by the density gradient. Although the electrostatic fluctuation driven transport is enhanced in the large density gradient case, it is in all cases to small to explain the observed energy confinement times. To explore instabilities with small wavelengths, a …
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Tan, Ing Hwie.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Conservation and economic development
This oral presentation is about the Espanola Power Savers Project which involves both the utility and for the community. I'm going to spend much of my time today discussing why this project makes sense for the community, but I would like to start with a brief word about why community-based conservation makes sense for utilities. A number of reasons are listed to show why conservation is today's energy resource of choice. But if, for a moment, we take that as a given and ask why community-based conservation programs are the right way to develop that resource, the answer is simple: They work
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Sullivan, M.J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Gaseous phase coal surface modification
In this report, we present an improved, feasible and potentially cost effective method of cleaning and beneficiating ultrafine coal. Increased mechanization of mining methods and the need towards depyritization, and demineralization have led to an increase in the quantity of coal fines generated in recent times. For example, the amount of {minus}100 mesh coal occurring in coal preparation plant feeds now typically varies from 5 to 25% of the total feed. Environmental constraints coupled with the greatly increased cost of coal have made it increasingly important to recover more of these fines. Our method chemically modifies the surface of such coals by a series of gaseous phase treatments employing Friedel-Crafts reactions. By using olefins (ethene, propene and butene) and hydrogen chloride catalyst at elevated temperature, the surface hydrophobicity of coal is enhanced. This increased hydrophobicity is manifest in surface phenomena which reflect conditions at the solid/liquid interphase (zeta potential) and those which reflect conditions at the solid/liquid/gas interphases (contact angle, wettability and floatability).
Date:
May 7, 1992
Creator:
Okoh, J.M.; Pinion, J. & Thiensatit, S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tiger Team assessment of the Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque
This report documents the Tiger Team Assessment of Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), Albuquerque, located in Albuquerque, New Mexico. SNL, Albuquerque, is operated by the Sandia Corporation (a wholly owned subsidiary of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company) for the US Department of Energy (DOE). The environmental assessment also included DOE tenant facilities at Ross Aviation, Albuquerque Microelectronics Operation, and the Central Training Academy. The assessment was conducted from April 15 to May 24, 1991, under the auspices of DOE's Office of Special Projects under the Assistant Secretary for Environment, Safety and Health (ES H). The assessment was comprehensive, encompassing ES H disciplines, management, self-assessments, and quality assurance; transportation; and waste management operations. Compliance with applicable federal, state, and local regulations; applicable DOE Orders; best management practices; and internal SNL, Albuquerque, requirements were assessed. In addition, an evaluation of the adequacy and effectiveness of DOE and SNL, Albuquerque management of ES H programs was conducted.
Date:
May 1, 1991
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Structural transformation of nickel hydroxide films during anodic oxidation
The transformation of anodically formed nickel hydroxide/oxy-hydroxide electrodes has been investigated. A mechanism is proposed for the anodic oxidation reaction, in which the reaction interface between the reduced and oxidized phases of the electrode evolves in a nodular topography that leads to inefficient utilization of the active electrode material. In the proposed nodular transformation model for the anodic oxidation reaction, nickel hydroxide is oxidized to nickel oxy-hydroxide in the region near the metal substrate. Since the nickel oxy-hydroxide is considerably more conductive than the surrounding nickel hydroxide, as further oxidation occurs, nodular features grow rapidly to the film/electrolyte interface. Upon emerging at the electrolyte interface, the reaction boundary between the nickel hydroxide and oxy-hydroxide phases spreads laterally across the film/electrolyte interface, creating an overlayer of nickel oxy-hydroxide and trapping uncharged regions of nickel hydroxide within the film. The nickel oxy-hydroxide overlayer surface facilitates the oxygen evolution side reaction. Scanning tunneling microscopy of the electrode in its charged state revealed evidence of 80 {endash} 100 Angstrom nickel oxy-hydroxide nodules in the nickel hydroxide film. In situ spectroscopic ellipsometer measurements of films held at various constant potentials agree quantitatively with optical models appropriate to the nodular growth and subsequent overgrowth of the …
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Crocker, R. W. & Muller, R. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Study of short-range motion of atomic hydrogen in amorphous silicon by neutron reflectometry
Preliminary results of neutron reflectometry (NR) measurements on rf sputter-deposited a-Si:H/a-Si:D bilayers indicate that this technique may be used to monitor H and D motions over distances of {approx} 10 to 200 {Angstrom} with a nominal resolution of 5--10 {Angstrom}. In studying rf sputter-deposited thin films containing a high density of microvoids annealed at 270 C, we found that the hydrogen diffused a distance of only {approx} 100 {Angstrom}. Further annealing at 270 and 280 C produced no additional motion. This result is consistent with a model of this system in which the hydrogen is trapped in microvoids after moving a relatively short distance.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Dozier, W.D. (Argonne National Lab., IL (United States)); Herwig, K.W. (Missouri Univ., Columbia, MO (United States). Research Reactor Facility); Shinar, R. (Iowa State Univ. of Science and Technology, Ames, IA (United States). Microelectronics Research Center); Jia, H. & Shinar, J. (Ames Lab., IA (United States))
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Status of European appliance standards
The European Community (EC) recently commissioned a study of the impact of potential appliance standards on electricity consumption in the twelve EC nations. This study looks at refrigerators, freezers, dishwashers, clothes washers, and clothes dryers. The impact of minimum efficiency standards on electricity use over the time period from 1995--2010 is estimated. The results of this study were presented to the EC in September of 1991. Revisions were made to the draft report and final copies sent to all interested parties. The member nations of the EC will soon consider whether they wish to implement uniform energy efficiency standards that would take effect in 1995. The results of the study described above will be presented and the political considerations will be discussed. In addition, data describing the appliance market in Europe will be presented.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Turiel, I. (Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States)) & Lebot, B. (Agence de L'Environnement et de la Maitrise de L'Energie, Valbonne (France))
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Feasibility study: Application of RCM techniques for substation maintenance at the Bonneville Power Administration. [Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM)]
This feasibility study examines reliability centered maintenance (RCM) as it applies to Bonneville Power Administrations (BPA) substation maintenance program. Reliability techniques are examined in evaluated. Existing BPA equipment maintenance procedures are documented. Equipment failure history is considered. Economic impacts are estimated. Various equipment instrumentation methods are reviewed. Based on this analysis a prototype system is proposed. The prototype will be implemented in two phases. Phase 1 is to be completed in 1992, it includes instrumenting one power transformer and one oil circuit breaker. Software development will focus on displaying data. Phase 2 is to be completed the following year. The remaining transformers and breakers will be instrumented during the second phase. Software development will focus on predictive maintenance techniques and maintenance decision support.
Date:
May 28, 1992
Creator:
Purucker, S. L.; Tonn, B. E.; Goeltz, R. T.; James, R. D.; Kercel, S.; Rizy, D. T. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Advanced Light Source
The Advanced Light Source (ALS), a national user facility currently under construction at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL), is a third-generation synchrotron light source designed to produce extremely bright beams of synchrotron radiation in the energy range from a few eV to 10 keV. The design is based on a 1--1.9-GeV electron storage ring (optimized at 1.5 GeV), and utilizes special magnets, known as undulators and wigglers (collectively referred to as insertion devices), to generate the radiation. The facility is scheduled to begin operating in April 1993. In this paper we describe the progress in the design, construction, and commissioning of the accelerator systems, insertion devices, and beamlines. Companion presentations at this conference give more detail of specific components in the ALS, and describe the activities towards establishing an exciting user program. 3 figs., 2 tabs.
Date:
May 1, 1991
Creator:
Jackson, A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
MHD computation of feedback of resistive-shell instabilities in the reversed field pinch
MHD computation demonstrates that feedback can sustain reversal and reduce loop voltage in resistive-shell reversed field pinch (RFP) plasmas. Edge feedback on {approximately}2R/a tearing modes resonant near axis is found to restore plasma parameters to nearly their levels with a close-fitting conducting shell. When original dynamo modes are stabilized, neighboring tearing modes grow to maintain the RFP dynamo more efficiently. This suggests that experimentally observed limits on RFP pulselengths to the order of the shell time can be overcome by applying feedback to a few helical modes.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Zita, E.J.; Prager, S.C. (Wisconsin Univ., Madison, WI (United States). Plasma Physics Research); Ho, Y.L. & Schnack, D.D (Science Applications International Corp., San Diego, CA (United States))
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Kinematics of Compton backscattering x-ray source for angiography
Calculations of X-Ray production rates, energy spread, and spectrum of Compton-backscattered photons from a Free Electron Laser on an electron beam in a low energy (136-MeV) compact (8.5-m circumference) storage ring indicate that an X-Ray intensity of 34.6 10{sup 7} X-Ray photons per 0.5-mm {times} 0.5-mm pixel for Coronary Angiography near the 33.169-keV iodine K-absorption edge can be achieved in a 4-msec pulse within a scattering cone of 1-mrad half angle. This intensity, at 10-m from the photon-electron interaction point to the patient is about a factor of 10 larger than presently achieved from a 4.5-T superconducting wiggler source in the NSLS 2.5-GeV storage ring and over an area about 5 times larger. The 2.2-keV energy spread of the Compton-backscattered beam is, however, much larger than the 70-eV spread presently attained form the wiggler source and use of a monochromator. The beam spot at the 10-m interaction point-to-patient distance is 20-mm diameter; larger spots are attainable at larger distances but with a corresponding reduction in X-Ray flux. Such a facility could be an inexpensive clinical alternative to present methods of non-invasive Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA), small enough to be deployed in an urban medical center, and could have other medical, …
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Blumberg, L.N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Steam foam studies in the presence of residual oil
The lack of understanding regarding foam flow in porous media necessitates further research. This paper reports on going work at Stanford University aimed at increasing our understanding in the particular area of steam foams. The behavior of steam foam is investigated with a one dimensional (6 ft. {times} 2.15 in.) sandpack under residual oil conditions of approximately 12 percent. The strength of the in-situ generated foam, indicated by pressure drops, is significantly affected by injection procedure, slug size, and steam quality. The surfactant concentration effect is minor in the range studied. In the presence of residual oil the simultaneous injection of steam and surfactant fails to generate foam in the model even though the same procedure generates a strong foam in the absence of oil. Nevertheless when surfactant is injected as a slug ahead of the steam using a surfactant alternating (SAG) procedure, foam is generated. The suggested reason for the success of SAG is the increased phase mixing that results from steam continually having to reestablish a path through a slug of surfactant solution.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Hutchinson, D.A.; Demiral, B. & Castanier, L.M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Waste management issues at US Air Force bases
Air Force installations are industrial bases for projecting men and machinery around the globe. Supporting this mission typically requires large quantities of stockpiled potentially hazardous materials. Over the past several decades, spills, poor accounting, mis-handling, and lack of understanding have led to discharges of hazardous substances into the environment. The Installation Restoration Program (IRP) is a Department of Defense directed program aimed at remediating discharges of hazardous substances, POL (petroleum, oil, and lubricants), and solid waste disposal at defense installations. The IRP is broader in scope than even the US EPA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), and requires the Air Force managers to integrate their programs with a broad range of regulations (See Table 1 below). Managing the wastes generated by the remediation program is one of the unexpected problems the Air Force has faced in their remediation efforts. The traditional approach to remediating sites in the US has been to remove the material and place it in a secure landfill, or in the case of groundwater, to pump and treat the effluent. These technologies have proven to be very expensive and don't really fix the problem. The waste is just moved from one place to another. …
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Doesburg, J.M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A surface definition code for turbine blade surfaces
A numerical interpolation scheme has been developed for generating the three-dimensional geometry of wind turbine blades. The numerical scheme consists of (1) creating the frame of the blade through the input of two or more airfoils at some specific spanwise stations and then scaling and twisting them according to the prescribed distributions of chord, thickness, and twist along the span of the blade; (2) transforming the physical coordinates of the blade frame into a computational domain that complies with the interpolation requirements; and finally (3) applying the bi-tension spline interpolation method, in the computational domain, to determine the coordinates of any point on the blade surface. Detailed descriptions of the overall approach to and philosophy of the code development are given along with the operation of the code. To show the usefulness of the bi-tension spline interpolation code developed, two examples are given, namely CARTER and MICON blade surface generation. Numerical results are presented in both graphic data forms. The solutions obtained in this work show that the computer code developed can be a powerful tool for generating the surface coordinates for any three-dimensional blade.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Yang, S.L. (Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton, MI (United States)); Oryang, D. & Ho, M.J. (Tuskegee Univ., AL (United States))
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Diosmacycloalkanes as models for the formation of hydrocarbons from surface methylenes
We are making progress on our investigation of the mechanism of olefin exchange with Os{sub 2}(C{sub 2}H{sub 4})(CO){sub 8}. We are probing this system by kinetic study of the reaction of Os{sub 2}(C{sub 2}H{sub 4})(CO){sub 8} with butyl acrylate (BA) under various pressures of ethylene.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Norton, J.R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Yaw dynamics of horizontal axis wind turbines
Designers of a horizontal axis wind turbine yaw mechanism are faced with a difficult decision. They know that if they elect to use a yaw- controlled rotor then the system will suffer increased initial cost and increased inherent maintenance and reliability problems. On the other hand, if they elect to allow the rotor to freely yaw they known they will have to account for unknown and random, though bounded, yaw rates. They will have a higher-risk design to trade-off against the potential for cost savings and reliability improvement. The risk of a yaw-free system could be minimized if methods were available for analyzing and understanding yaw behavior. The complexity of yaw behavior has, until recently, discouraged engineers from developing a complete yaw analysis method. The objectives of this work are to (1) provide a fundamental understanding of free-yaw mechanics and the design concepts most effective at eliminating yaw problems, and (2) provide tested design tools and guidelines for use by free-yaw wind systems manufacturers. The emphasis is on developing practical and sufficiently accurate design methods.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Hansen, A.C. (Utah Univ., Salt Lake City, UT (United States))
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Organ/inorganic interactions of nitrogen in oilfields: Part 1, Geochemistry
A detailed investigation of the geochemistry of nitrogen in oilfields is being conducted in order to test the model that N is generated from hydrocarbons during thermal maturation and is incorporated into authigenic clay minerals in the sediments through which the oil and brines migrate. If the model is correct, there should be fixed-NH{sub 4} anomalies that can be correlated across an oilfield to indicate the pathway of migration into the trap. The preliminary data from this research shows that fixed-NH{sub 4} anomalies are associated with producing intervals in twelve cores examined across a multi-reservoir oilfield. Trends in fixed-NH{sub 4} values across the field do not reflect present brine NH{sub 4}{sup +} concentrations. Fixed-NH{sub 4} anomalies are greatest in the structurally high areas of the anticlinal trap, while brine NH{sub 4}{sup +} concentrations are greatest near a fault that is a likely entry point for oil into the trap. Limited isotopic data show {approximately}3% variation in {delta}{sup 15}N across one reservoir with the heavier values found in the same well as the maximum fixed-NH{sub 4} anomalies.
Date:
May 1992
Creator:
Williams, Lynda B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Unix version of CALOR89 for calorimeter applications
CALOR89 is a system of coupled Monte Carlo particle transport computer codes which has been successfully employed for the estimation of calorimeter parameters in High Energy Physics. In the past CALOR89 has been running on various IBM machines and on CRAY X-MP at Lawrence Livermore Lab. These machines had non-unix operating systems. In this report we present a UNIX version of CALOR89, which is especially suited for the UNIX work stations. Moreover CALOR89 is also been supplemented with two new program packages which makes it more user friendly. CALPREP is a program for the preparation of the input files for CALOR89 in general geometry and ANALYZ is an analysis package to extract the final results from CALOR89 relevant to calorimeters. This report also provides two script files LCALOR and PCALOR. LCALOR runs CALOR89 sequences of programs and EGS4 for a given configuration sequentially on a single processor and PCALOR concurrently on a multiprocessor unix workstation.
Date:
May 12, 1992
Creator:
Handler, T. (Tennessee Univ., Knoxville, TN (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy); Job, P.K.; Price, L.E. (Argonne National Lab., IL (United States). High Energy Physics Div.) & Gabriel, T.A. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States))
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The use of ARM data to test an improved parameterization of upper tropospheric clouds for use in climate models
We have proposed to provide and further develop an advanced finite-difference climate model for use in CHAMMP. The model includes advanced parameterizations of cumulus convection, boundary-layer processes, cloud formation, and land-surface vegetation, as well as parameterizations of radiative transfer and gravity wave drag. Postprocessing codes and a user's guide will also be provided.
Date:
May 1992
Creator:
Randall, D.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Detection and differentiation of contamination through a comparison of observed levels in historical environmental sampling data
In summarizing more than a decade of environmental monitoring data from the Hanford Site, we noted that grouping data by analysis, rather than by medium, enhanced visual as well as statistical interpretations. By plotting running-averages of individual radionuclides on the same graph, for different media, we evaluated environmental trends to determine whether or not a local impact had been observed. This approach may enhance ones ability to interpret environmental monitoring data collected following an unplanned release of radionuclides. This technique provides a more holistic approach to the evaluation of environmental monitoring data than has traditionally been practiced.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Denham, D. H. & Price, K. R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Full-Scale Demonstration Low-NOx Cell Burner retrofit
The overall objective of the Full-Scale Low-NOx Cell (LNC) Burner Retrofit project is to demonstrate the cost-effective reduction of NOx generated by a large, base-loaded (70% capacity factor or greater), coal-fired utility boiler. Specific objectives include: at least 50% NOx reduction over standard two-nozzle cell burners, without degradation of boiler performance or life; acquire and evaluate emission and boiler performance data before and after the retrofit to determine NOx reduction and impact on overall boiler performance; and demonstrate that the LNC burner retrofits are the most cost-effective alternative to emerging, or commercially- available NOx control technology for units equipped with cell burners. The focus of this demonstration is to determine maximum NOx reduction capabilities without adversely impacting plant performance, operation and maintenance.
Date:
May 24, 1991
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
GAMUT: A computer code for. gamma. -ray energy and intensity analysis
GAMUT is a computer code to analyze {gamma}-ray energies and intensities. It does a linear least-squares fit of measured {gamma}-ray energies from one or more experiments to the level scheme. GAMUT also performs a non-linear least-squares analysis of branching intensities. For both energy and intensity data, a statistical Chi-square analysis is performed with an iterative uncertainty adjustment. The uncertainties of outlying measured values and sets of measurements with x{sup 2}/f>1 are increased, and the calculation is repeated until the uncertainties are consistent with the fitted values. GAMUT accepts input from standard or special-format ENSDF data sets. The special-format ENSDF data sets were designed to permit analysis of more than one set of measurements associated with a single ENSDF data set. GAMUT prepares a standard ENSDF format output data set containing the adjusted values. If more than one input ENSDF data set is provided, GAMUT creates an ADOPTED LEVELS, GAMMAS data set containing the adjusted level and {gamma}-ray energies and branching intensities from each level normalized to 100 for the strongest {gamma}-ray. GAMUT also provides a summary of the results and an extensive log of the iterative analysis. GAMUT is interactive prompting the user for input and output file names and …
Date:
May 1, 1991
Creator:
Firestone, R.B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library