A five-year program plan was generated from the study activities with the objectives of demonstrating a fuel economy of 213 mg/W . h (0.35 lb/hp-hr) brake specific fuel consumption by 1981 through use of ceramic materials, with conformance to current and projected Federal noise and emission standards, and to demonstrate a commercially viable engine. Study results show that increased turbine inlet and regenerator inlet temperatures, through the use of ceramic materials, contribute the greatest amount to achieving fuel economy goals. Further, improved component efficiencies (for the compressor, gasifier turbine, power turbine, and regenerator disks show significant additional gains in fuel economy. Fuel saved in a 500,000-mile engine life, risk levels involved in development, and engine-related life cycle costs for fleets (100 units) of trucks and buses were used as criteria to select work goals for the planned program.

A method has been developed for generating resonance-self-shielded cross sections based upon an improved equivalence theorem, which appears to allow extension of the self-shielding-factor (Bondarenko f-factor) method, now mainly applied to fast reactors, to thermal reactors as well. The method is based on the use of simple prescriptions for the ratio of coolant-to-fuel region-averaged fluxes, in the equations defining cell averaged cross sections. Linearization of the dependence of these functions on absorber optical thickness is found to be a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of an equivalence theorem. Results are given for cylindrical, spherical and slab geometries. The functional form of the flux ratio relations is developed from theoretical considerations, but some of the parameters are adjusted to force-fit numerical results. Good agreement over the entire range of fuel and coolant optical thicknesses is demonstrated with numerical results calculated using the ANISN program in the S/sub 8/P/sub 1/ option.

Objective of the NWTS program planning and control plan is to provide the information necessary for timely and effective OWI management decisions. Purpose is to describe the concepts and techniques that will be utilized by OWI to establish structured, completely planned and controlled technical, cost, and schedule NWTS baselines from which performance or progress can be accurately measured.

Research was conducted to improve on presently used techniques for mapping soundspeed variations in the earth by monitoring the return from seismic probes. For small variations in the propagation speed, a linear integral equation was derived for that soundspeed variation. The integral equation is sufficiently general to characterize the placement of sources and receivers. The integral equation was solved in closed form for most of the source-receiver configurations of practical interest. The problem of dealing with the imperfect and incomplete data obtained in the real world was also confronted. The realistically constrained solution was implemented on the computer for a source-receiver configuration commonly used in seismic profiling. This latter project has dominated much of the research effort over the recent contract period.

An analytic solution is presented to the problem of transient flow to a partially penetrating well that is open in either layer of finite thickness in a two-layered system. Crossflow is permitted at the interface between the two layers. Closed form solutions have been obtained which can easily be evaluated numerically. Simplified forms of the solutions for small and large values of time have been developed from the main solution. It has also been shown that the solution reduces to the case of single layer partial penetration once we allow the permeability of the nonperforated layer to vanish. The approach here is to start with the problem when the pumping well is open only in the top layer. A second solution is also developed when the well is partially penetrating only in the lower layer.

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The mathematical models and computer program comprising the SPP Dynamic Simulation are described. The SPP Dynamic Simulation is a computerized model representing the time-varying performance characteristics of the SPP. The model incorporates all the principal components of the pilot plant. Time-dependent direct normal solar insulation, as corrupted by simulated cloud passages, is transformed into absorbed radiant power by actions of the heliostat field and enclosed receiver cavity. The absorbed power then drives the steam generator model to produce superheated steam for the turbine and/or thermal storage subsystems. The thermal storage subsystem can, in turn, also produce steam for the turbine. The turbine using the steam flow energy produces the mechanical shaft power necessary for the generator to convert it to electrical power. This electrical power is subsequently transmitted to a transmission grid system. Exhaust steam from the turbine is condensed, reheated, deaerated, and pressurized by pumps for return as feedwater to the thermal storage and/or steam generator. A master control/instrumentation system is utilized to coordinate the various plant operations. The master controller reacts to plant operator demands and control settings to effect the desired output response. The SPP Dynamic Simulation Computer program is written in FORTRAN language. Various input options …

This preliminary document provides information in a matrix format which lists technical and programmatic data concerning the various project sites selected for the National Solar Energy Demonstration Program. It incorporates into one handbook the commercial, residential and other demonstration projects which are now a part of the national program. It can be used as a reference source for technical and research purposes on a state-by-state basis.

This document provides the general instructions for performing acceptance test number eleven as indicated in the Acceptance Test Index (TI-022-130-003). Also indicated are the plant conditions and special equipment required to conduct the test. The acceptance criteria for each portion of the test are specified.

The transient calorimetric technique is used to measure the temperature dependence of the total hemispherical emittance of polished copper, solar selective thin films on copper and a solar selective thin film on a metal film on quartz. Experimental results on copper do not agree with the predictions of the Davisson and Weeks theory. A new theory of the emissivity of metals based on the Drude Free Electron model is developed and compared with the expermental data on copper. With no adjustable parameters, good agreement between this theory and experiment is obtained.

Since the beginning of widespread research and development for solar energy, a major concern has been the effect of optical and surface quality of collector materials on collector performance and the changes in these properties due to environmental conditions. In many instances, this type of data has not been compiled. When data is available on surface quality, mirror or lens optical characteristics, surface deformations due to stress and other errors, it is difficult to quantify the effect these have on a particular concentrator design performance. To further investigate these errors, Honeywell is performing a study of concentrator designs and mirror and lens surfaces. There are two taks within this program. The first task involves investigation and evaluation of concentrator performance. Within this task, Honeywell has conducted a survey of the literature, solar manufacturers and government information to obtain data on existing concentrator designs (i.e., V-troughs, parabolic mirror concentrators) and lens and mirror materials. Ten collector configurations have been selected to be mathematically modeled. These models will be incorporated into existing ray trace software and will be used to evaluate concentrator performance. Optical quality properties, structural deformations due to loading and stress, tracking errors and material property changes due to the …

This paper discusses decontamination methods for LWRs. Emphasis is on the chemical cleaning of primary systems and contaminated equipment and components. The equipment is composed primarily of stainless steel, Inconel, Zircaloy, and a few other materials. Variables affecting efficiency are discussed. 10 figures. (DLC)

A modification of the planar electrode technology yielded prototype glass pH electrodes that can withstand the minimum test conditions of 250/sup 0/C and 5000 psi in an aqueous synthetic geothermal brine. Electrodes of this design can be made in volume at reasonable cost. In addition, an electrode holder has been designed and prototypes fabricated to permit laboratory testing in simulated geothermal brines of downhole conditions.

Substantial differences have been found between measured and computed heat losses from a large in-ground thermal storage tank used for annual cycle heat storage. One suspected source of error in the computation was the neglect of the latent heat effects in the moist soil and efforts have been made to examine these. One of these effects, that was due to freezing and thawing of the soil moisture is discussed, and the results of some simulations of the effect in a numerical model are presented.

Atmospheric tracer techniques are reviewed, with emphasis on the Hanford inert gas krypton-85 field technique. This technique is considerably more sophisticated than the visible and particulate tracer techniques. The krypton technique develops histories of concentration at up to 128 field locations; the particulate techniques generate only bulk time integrated samples. The krypton dispersal technique permits release of either a plume or a true puff; the particulate techniques permit continuous releases, but only approximations of puffs through short continuous releases. The Hanford krypton-85 inert gas system offers the advantages of an inert gas tracer, permits release of either puffs or plumes, and presents histories of concentration as opposed to only time-integrated concentrations. However, the approach used has the disadvantages of being usable at only short distances, is a relatively expensive system to deploy and maintain, and is restricted as to locations where it may be used due to the radioactive nature of the tracer.

Information on the resource includes the following: historical background, geological reconnaissance, resistivity, seismic refraction, magnetic profiling, microseismic background, temperature measurement, and chemical analysis. A planned geothermal exploration and an agricultural demonstration program are described. (MHR)

The spermatogonial cell renewal system can maintain function and a steady level of cell population for relatively long periods of continuous low-level irradiation indicating that there does not appear to be a serious accumulation, over many generations, of damage affecting proliferation. Provided the dose-rate is quite low, there is an effective selective removal of damaged cells with almost complete repair of cellular nonlethal damage. At dose-rates greater than 2 rad/day, spermatogonia are very sensitive to radiation death, and the main reason for the low tolerance to continuous stress could, in part, be the limited extent of compensatory mechanisms regulating spermatogonial cell production. However, there is some capacity to change the patterns of cellular proliferation while still remaining under homeostatic control, and this capacity appears to reside in the relatively radioresistant A/sub s/ stem-cell population. Little is known about the extent to which the spermatogonial cell population can repair nonlethal cellular radiation damage accumulated under continuous stress affecting the regenerative capacity of the tissue. After acute exposure, a minimum number of surviving type A/sub s/ stem-cells are required to repopulate the functional seminiferous epithelium, regeneration proceeds along an ordered cell stage sequence, and is dependent on the time required for all …

Work conducted on a basic technology development effort with the Westinghouse Sodium Ionization Detector (SID) sensor is reported. Included are results obtained for three task areas: (1) On-line operational response testing - in-situ calibration techniques; (2) Performance-reliability characteristics of aged filaments; and (3) Evaluation of chemical interference effects. The results showed that a calibrator filament coated with a sodium compound, when activated, does supply the necessary sodium atoms to provide a valid operational in-situ test. The life time of new Cr/sub 2/0/sub 3/-protected SID sensor filaments can be extended by operating at a reduced temperature. However, there also is a reduction in the sensitivity. Non-sodium species, such as products from a smoldering fire and organic aerosols, produce an interference response from the sensor comparable to a typical sodium response.

This preliminary document provides information in a matrix format which lists technical and programmatic data concerning the various project sites selected for the National Solar Energy Demonstration Program. It incorporates into one handbook the commercial, residential, and other demonstration projects which are now a part of the national program. It can be used as a reference source for technical and research purposes on a state-by-state basis.

Included are sections dealing with the following topics: (1) perspective and philosophy of fast reactor safety analysis; (2) status of accident analysis and experimental needs; (3) experiment and facility definitions; (4) existing in-pile facilities; (5) new facility options; and (6) data acquisition methods. (DG)

The objective of this program is to develop a thin film GaAs solar cell technology with the potential of yielding cells with 12 to 15% efficiency and to develop thin film growth techniques which are compatible with the low cost production goal of $500/kW-peak. Progress is reported on a study of junction formation in large grain polycrystal GaAs; characterization of the electronic properties of polycrystal GaAs grown by MBE on low cost foreign substrates; optimizing the structure of AlGaAs-GaAs heterojunction Schottky barrier solar cells; and a variety of grain boundary measurements, including Scanning Light Microscopy (SLM), Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS), SIMS, and temperature dependent resistivity.

The EIA MID-MID scenario generally reinforces existing environmental concerns in the mid-Atlantic region. This results in part from the emphasis on existing rather than new energy technologies. The widespread public opposition to nuclear power in the region is likely to impede realization of the nuclear goals of the scenario. About 50% improvement in sulfur oxides air quality is projected for the region (all states), based on emissions reductions both within the region and in neighboring regions. Even though strip mine production is projected to decrease by 1990, coal production levels hypothesized by the scenario may be significantly constrained by the impact of new Federal regulations on reclamation (Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia). In the event that offshore oil and gas exploration becomes successful, development may be constrained by continuing opposition on environmental grounds in Maryland and Delaware, relating to protection of coastal environmental resources. Given the abandonment of several recent dam projects in the Delaware, water availability constraints may be important for inland sites where low flow augmentation is required. The health and safety impacts of the scenario are dominated by the coal fuel cycle. By 1990, mining related injuries and deaths are projected to increase by about 25% over …

The successful design of full-scale open-cycle, coal-fired MHD generators for baseload electrical production requires a detailed understanding of the plasma chemical and plasma dynamic characteristics of anticipated combustor and channel fluids. This report documents progress in efforts to model negative ion formation and slag condensation effects on core flow conductivity, to improve the ability to sample and characterize laboratory produced coal combustion plasmas, and to measure mechanisms and rates of slag oxide condensation. A set of parametric calculations showing the influence of various input parameters on a nominal full-scale, supersonic generator system is also presented.

In this task the historical performance of powerplants in Illinois was examined and the opportunities for improved powerplant productivity in Illinois was determined. The four utilities considered were the major investor-owned electric generating utilities in Illinois, i.e., Central Illinois Light Co., (CILCO), Central Illinois Public Service (CIPS), Commonwealth Edison (CECO), and Illinois Power (IP). The major findings are: (1) for evaluation purposes, the equivalent availability was judged to be the most-appropriate measure; (2) in terms of powerplant productivity, IP is among the best in the nation and, in terms of productivity from large coal units, it ranks in the top five nationally; (3) in general, the performance of coal-fired units of CILCO and CECO have been below national averages and in some cases, significantly below; (4) a review of the trends in production of all Illinois units reveals that Illinois units as a group have been generally below national averages for the respective unit classes; (5) as noted in this and other studies, productivities of the nuclear plants in Illinois have been below the national average for all comparable nuclear plants; and (6) this analysis should be updated when national 1977 and 1978 Edison Electric Institute data become publicly available.