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California geothermal resource development environmental implications for ERCDC Environmental Analysis Office. Final report
The results of an analysis of the environmental implications for ERCDC Environmental Analysis Office (EAO) in relation to the development of California's geothermal resources are reported. While focusing primarily on environmental implications, particularly the natural, social, and economic elements, the report includes some ERCDC-wide policy and program considerations. The primary thrusts of the work have been in the development of an understanding of the interagency and intergovernmental environmental data and data-management roles and responsibilities and in the formulation of recommendations related thereto. Five appendices are included, one of which is a tax credit agreement between a power company and Skagit County, Washington. (JGB)
Date:
February 1, 1977
Creator:
Roberts, J.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Sulfur hexafluoride transfer and storage system of the Holifield Heavy Ion Research Facility: some thermodynamic properties
The transfer of SF/sub 6/ insulating gas from the 25 MV accelerator pressure vessel (volume = 80,000 ft/sup 3/) into liquid storage tanks (volume = 6,000 ft/sup 3/) is accomplished by means of two three-stage piston compressors operating in parallel. Gas from the first and second compression stages is passed through heat exchangers prior to injection into subsequent stages while gas from the third stage is cooled and/or liquified by a third exchanger/condenser. Tabulated thermodynamic data were used in calculating the SF/sub 6/ transfer rate, stage compression ratios and heat transfer rates as a function of the fraction of the total inventory of SF/sub 6/ (270,000 lbs) which has been transferred. The SF/sub 6/ temperature, pressure and liquid fraction are also calculated at various points throughout the system. Operating parameters and procedures are recommended which should eliminate the possibility that liquid SF/sub 6/ is injected into a compressor cylinder and prevent the generation of excessive pressure in the storage tanks.
Date:
February 1, 1978
Creator:
Milner, W. T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nondestructive evaluation of LWR spent fuel shipping casks
An analysis of nondestructve testing (NDT) methods currently being used to evaluate the integrity of Light Water Reactor (LWR) spent fuel shipping casks is presented. An assessment of anticipated NDT needs related to breeder reactor cask requirements is included. Specific R and D approaches to probable NDT problem areas such as the evaluation of austenitic stainless steel weldments are outlined. A comprehensive bibliography of current NDT methods for cask evaluation in the USA, Great Britain, Japan and West Germany was compiled for this study.
Date:
February 1, 1978
Creator:
Ballard, D.W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Thermal storage applications workshop. Volume 1. Plenary session analysis
On February 14 and 15, 1978, a workshop on solar power development and thermal and thermochemical energy storage technology was held at Golden, Colorado. These proceedings contain the record of this workshop. They are divided into two volumes. Volume I presents an analysis and condensation of information discussed in round-table plenary sessions.
Date:
February 15, 1979
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fatigue Crack Initiation and Propagation in Steels Exposed to Inert and Corrosive Environments. Final Report, May 1, 1977--December 31, 1977
The fatigue crack initiation life of AISI 1018 steel was investigated using compact tension specimens having sharp notch root radii. The data were analyzed using two methods for predicting initiation in strain cycling experiments. Also, another approach in which initiation is related to the stress intensity factor was developed. The next phase, that of propagation, was studied using AISI 1018 steel and a new high strength steel HY-180. The crack propagation data obtained for both steels tested in air can be described accurately by the power law first suggested by Paris, da/dN = C(..delta..K)/sup n/, where a is the crack length, N the number of cycles, and C and n are material constants. However, the exponent n was found to be two times larger for AISI 1018 steel than HY-180 steel.
Date:
February 1, 1978
Creator:
Youseffi, K. & Finnie, I.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Conditioning of geothermal brine effluents for injection: use of coagulants
The use of various chemical coagulants and flocculants with spent geothermal brine for enhancing the removal of colloidal solids prior to injection was studied. Brine at 80 to 85/sup 0/C was obtained from the injection line of the SDG and E/DOE Geothermal Loop Experimental Facility during a period of operation with Magmamax No. 1 Fluid. The solids consist primarily of an iron-rich amorphous silica and heavy metal sulfides, principally lead. Standard jar testing equipment was used to carry out the tests.
Date:
February 1, 1978
Creator:
Quong, R.; Shoepflin, F. & Stout, N.D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Darkling beetle populations (Tenebrionidae) of the Hanford site in southcentral Washington
This 3-yr study documents the taxonomic composition, relative abundance, and seasonal distribution of darkling beetles occupying the Hanford Site in southcentral Washington. A taxonomic key and species diagnosis are provided to assist in identification by the nonspecialist. Analysis of food plant availability and selection serves to identify transfer pathways through beetle populations and permits construction of food web diagrams depicting the flow of materials through the darkling beetle component.
Date:
February 1, 1978
Creator:
Rogers, L. E.; Woodley, N.; Sheldon, J. K. & Uresk, V. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Optically coupled high voltage isolation amplifier
A common and persistent problem in modern instrumentation is the observation and recording of small signal waveforms that are removed from ground by very high voltages. Examples of this are the instrumentation of neutral particle injectors used in controlled thermonuclear research and the construction of safety breaks for air core toroidal devices. To overcome this problem a very high voltage isolation amplifier was designed. It employs analog-to-digital conversion with serial data transmission on a fiber optic cable.
Date:
February 1, 1978
Creator:
Pearce, J.W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
LOFT experimental measurements uncertainties analyses. Volume XVI. LOFT three-beam gamma densitometer system
The magnitudes of various uncertainties in the loss-of-fluid test gamma densitometer measurements have been estimated. The dominant error in the estimate of the density profile and the average density is the extrapolation from the three chordal average density values to the total density profile. The primary uncertainty in each chordal average density measurement is the random noise inherent in the radiation process.
Date:
February 1, 1978
Creator:
Lassahn, G. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Materials technology for accelerator production of fissile isotopes
The materials used for the accelerator production of fissile isotopes must enable the facility to achieve maximum fuel production at a minimum cost. Neutron production in the target would be maximized by use of thorium cooled with Pb--56 percent Bi or with sodium. The thorium should be ion-plated with approximately 1 mil of nickel or stainless steel for retention of fission products. The target container will have to be replaced at frequent intervals because of the copious quantities of neutronically produced helium and hydrogen in the container. Replacement would coincide with shutdown of the facility for the removal of the fissile material produced. If sodium is used to cool both the target and fertile blanket, a simple basket-type target container could be used. This would greatly reduce radiation effects in the target container. Type 316 stainless steel or V--20 wt percent Ti should perform satisfactorily as a target container. The fertile blanket should be /sup 233/Th or /sup 238/U that is coated with approximately 1 mil of nickel or stainless steel and cooled with sodium. The blanket container could be an austenitic stainless steel such as type 304 or 316; some ferritic alloys may also provide a satisfactory blanket container. …
Date:
February 1, 1978
Creator:
Horak, J.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Impingement and entrainment of fishes at the Savannah River Plant: an NPDES 316b demonstration
Environmental impacts of the Savannah River Plant's withdrawal of Savannah River water include impingement of juvenile and adult fish on trash removal screens, and entrainment of planktonic fish eggs and larval fish into the pumping system. The Savannah River Plant (SRP) has the capacity to pump 3.6 million cubic meters of water per day--25% of the minimal river discharge--for cooling and other purposes. Present removal is 7% of the actual river discharge. In the river and intake canals reside sixty-nine species of fishes. The species composition of the resident fish community of the intake canals is similar to the species composition in the river, but different in relative species abundance. The dominant sunfishes tend to reside in the canals for long periods and seldom go from canal to canal. The fish impingement rate at the plant ranks very low in comparison with electric power plants on inland waters. Thirty-five species of fishes were impinged during 1977. The average impingement rate of 7.3 fish per day extrapolates to 2,680 fish per year. No single species comprised more than 10% of the sample. The most commonly impinged species were bluespotted sunfish, warmouth, channel catfish, and yellow perch. The relative abundance of those …
Date:
February 1, 1978
Creator:
McFarlane, R. W.; Frietsche, R. F. & Miracle, R. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
New research initiatives program. Project W-219: chemistry in comet comae. Final report. [Summaries of research activities at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory]
The scientific objective to investigate theoretically chemical reactions in the comae of comets was accomplished using a one-dimensional model. Ninety-eight species, which involved 441 reactions in the presence of wavelength-dependent solar radiation, were considered in a time-dependent calculation, which includes effects resulting from ultraviolet opacity.
Date:
February 1, 1978
Creator:
Huebner, W.F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of ultrafiltration and inorganic adsorbents for reducing volumes of low-level and intermediate-level liquid waste: July--September 1977
The ultrafiltration (UF) pilot system is being evaluated at Mound Facility. The effect of pressure drop, temperature, and pH of the feed on system performance has been studied. The system has been run through a number of cleaning cycles including tap water flush, enzyme soak, detergent wash, and citric acid/oxalic acid wash. A continuous run was started on waste from the Waste Processing Facility; about 11,500 gal has been processed. Studies to determine the effect of (..cap alpha.., ..beta.., and ..gamma..) radiation on membrane characteristics were initiated. The small laboratory column tests were completed. Isotherms were run on several inorganic adsorbents, including titanium phosphate and sodium titanate. Tests were continued on the Engineering Test Ion Exchange System. Waste solution from the Waste Processing Facility spiked with plutonium-238 and ultrafiltration product spiked with uranium-233 were used as feeds. 6 tables, 1 figure.
Date:
February 9, 1978
Creator:
Koenst, J. W.; Herald, W. R. & Roberts, R. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy-averaged neutron cross sections of fast-reactor structural materials
The status of energy-averaged cross sections of fast-reactor structural materials is outlined with emphasis on U.S. data programs in the neutron-energy range 1-10 MeV. Areas of outstanding accomplishment and significant uncertainty are noted with recommendations for future efforts. Attention is primarily given to the main constituents of stainless steel (e.g., Fe, Ni, and Cr) and, secondarily, to alternate structural materials (e.g., V, Ti, Nb, Mo, Zr). Generally, the mass regions of interest are A approximately 50 to 60 and A approximately 90 to 100. Neutron total and elastic-scattering cross sections are discussed with the implication on the non-elastic-cross sections. Cross sections governing discrete-inelastic-neutron-energy transfers are examined in detail. Cross sections for the reactions (n;p), (n;n',p), (n;..cap alpha..), (n;n',..cap alpha..) and (n;2n') are reviewed in the context of fast-reactor performance and/or diagnostics. The primary orientation of the discussion is experimental with some additional attention to the applications of theory, the problems of evaluation and the data sensitivity of representative fast-reactor systems.
Date:
February 1, 1978
Creator:
Smith, A.; McKnight, R. & Smith, D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Low lying defect mode in CaF/sub 2/:Y/sup 3 +/. [Measurements to 6. 5 kbars at 4. 2/sup 0/K]
None
Date:
February 1, 1975
Creator:
Campbell, J. A.; Schiff, E. A. & Sievers, A. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Characteristics of chars produced by pyrolysis following rapid heating of pulverized coal. [104 references]
A 5.08-cm id pyrolysis furnace has been used to study pyrolysis following rapid heating of size graded pulverized coal particles as a function of isothermal pyrolysis time (0.018 to 1.025 second), particle size (50 to 181 ..mu..m), and parent coal (three lignites). The following experimental conditions were kept constant: Coal feed rate approximately equal to 0.5 g/min; volumetric flow rate of nitrogen temperature = 808/sup 0/C, and pressure = atmospheric. Under these conditions the heating rate of the coal particles in the pyrolysis furnace was of the order of 8 x 10/sup 3/ /sup 0/C/second. The experimental results show: (i) a monotonic change in the physical properties of chars with increasing pyrolysis time; (ii) some dependence of weight loss (i.e. VM yield) on particle size; (iii) that the three lignites undergo pyrolysis to a comparable extent, presumably because of their similar initial chemical composition; (iv) an appreciable influence of temperature and heating rate on weight loss in the Parr VM crucible; and (v) a significant influence of the mode of pyrolysis (i.e. entrained vs fluid bed) on the nature of the char produced. The results from a theoretical treatment of the problem of gas-solid interactions suggest that, in the pyrolysis …
Date:
February 1, 1977
Creator:
Nsakala, N.; Walker, Jr., P. L. & Essenhigh, R. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of induced unimolecular decomposition for development of visible chemical lasers. Quarterly progress report, 1 November 1976--31 January 1977
Progress during the third quarterly period of the subject contract is summarized. The logic developed in previous quarterly reports for studying the kinetics and spectroscopy of chemiluminescent azide radical reactions is summarized. The apparatus built for these studies is described. Preliminary observations of NO gamma-band emission produced from the reaction of oxygen atoms with products of thermally decomposed sodium azide are taken as an indication that azide radicals are being produced in the thermal decomposition source. Additional observations are underway and future plans are discussed.
Date:
February 1, 1977
Creator:
Piper, L G & Taylor, R L
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effects of atmospheric variability on energy utilization and conservation. Final report, 1 November 1976--31 October 1977
A space-heating energy-consumption model for Greeley, Colorado for the winter of 1976-77 was within 98.9 percent of actual natural gas consumption for that city. Modeling of Cheyenne, Wyoming, including the testing of a new statistical scheme to develop the building census required by the energy consumption model, has progressed to the point where reliable natural gas consumption estimates can be made with the model for that community. A detailed study of temperature and surface wind patterns in and near the city of Greeley, Colorado revealed that, at times, an urban heat island effect is present, in spite of the relatively small size of that town. Various feedback mechanisms between the oceans and the atmosphere were examined. Several of these mechanisms appear to be the cause of the interannual variability of the atmosphere's general circulation and of climatic changes on a time scale of several tens of years. A recent cooling trend in the North Pacific north of 40/sup 0/N, and sea-surface temperature fluctuations with an irregular periodicity of 2 to 4 years superimposed upon this trend were studied. To advance regional long-range forecasting skills January temperature anomalies over the eastern United States were correlated with flow patterns over the U.S. …
Date:
February 1978
Creator:
Reiter, Elmar R.; Dreiseitl, E.; Johnson, G. R.; Leong, H. H.; Macdonald, B. C.; Somervell, W. L. Jr. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Proposal for study of vacuum adiabatic compression of relativistic electron beam generated by a foilless diode. [5 to 50 MeV]
A theoretical investigation to study the generation of an intense relativistic electron beam by a foilless diode and subsequent adiabatic compression is proposed. 2 figures, 1 table, 39 references.
Date:
February 1, 1978
Creator:
Thode, L.E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
January 1978 monthly highlights for Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research Programs at Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Highlights of technical progress during January 1978 are presented for sixteen separate program activities which comprise the ORNL research program for the Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research's Division of Reactor Safety Research.
Date:
February 10, 1978
Creator:
Mynatt, F.R. (comp.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Review of issues relevant to acceptable risk criteria for nuclear waste management
Development of acceptable risk criteria for nuclear waste management requires the translation of publicly determined goals and objectives into definitive issues which, in turn, require resolution. Since these issues are largely of a subjective nature, they cannot be resolved by technological methods. Development of acceptable risk criteria might best be accomplished by application of a systematic methodology for the optimal implementation of subjective values. Multi-attribute decision analysis is well suited for this purpose.
Date:
February 22, 1978
Creator:
Cohen, J.J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Preliminary examination of the Linear Free-Electron Laser
The Linear Free Electron Laser is numerically analyzed in the one dimensional limit by following an average (resonant) particle. Several different wiggler schemes are presented, and electron beam current density requirements are discussed. A variable phase angle buncher is also proposed.
Date:
February 5, 1979
Creator:
Prosnitz, D. & Szoke, A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electrode polarization studies in hot corrosion systems. Progress report, June 1, 1977--May 31, 1978
Analysis of thermodynamic models pertaining to coal gasification is near completion. Model I, comprising a gas phase and a molten salt phase, pertains to laboratory materials testing; Model II incorporates as well a solid carbon phase and is intended to model typical gasifier environments. Anodic and cathodic polarization measurements on iron, 1018 steel, nickel, and 304 and 316 stainless steel have been performed in molten sodium carbonate under air and oxygen; tests under reducing environment are in progress. Preliminary metal/gas reactions tests involving iron, and hydrogen sulfide and nitrogen, have been performed. Reaction with nitrogen is minimal; reaction with hydrogen sulfide is very non-uniform, rendering kinetic analysis difficult.
Date:
February 1, 1978
Creator:
Devereux, O.F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Coal Technology Program. Progress report for December 1977
In the pressure vessel and piping materials work, the report, ''Assessment of Materials Technology for Gasifer and Reaction Pressure Vessels and Piping for Second Generation Commercial Coal Conversion Systems'' (ORNL-5238), has been submitted for publication and distribution. Impact and tensile teting is under way on 2/sup 1///sub 4/ cr-1 Mo steel which has received a simulated quench, temper, and postweld heat treatment. Two topical reports on coating inspection have gone to reproduction. CoCrAlY material has been received and specimen production has been initiated. We are streamlining our methods for eddy-current design and have developed a new method for material characterization. A penetrant procedure for cermet coatings has been optimized and some interesting observations of coating behavior were made during the tensile cracking of a cermet specimen. In the welding and cladding program, experimental gas metal-arc weld-clad depits of type 320 Cb stainless steel have been made on an intermediate layer of Inconel 82 (primary substrate material is steel). Metallographic and micoprobe examination of tubes from the 1500-hr FluiDyne AFBC fireside corrosion test showed mild oxidation on both the ID and OD, no indication of sulfidation attack, and very slight intergranula corrosion. Examination of various valve components and air distributor plates …
Date:
February 1, 1978
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library