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Performance study of a thermal-envelope house: Phase II. Cooling performance. Final report
The thermal envelope house is shown to perform much better than conventional houses without mechanical refrigeration and better than one would expect from most passively cooled houses in the hot-humid climate of Georgia. Peak temperatures inside the house were 8 to 15/sup 0/F below peak ambient temperatures. Peak inside temperature measured during the test period was 80/sup 0/F with an outside ambient peak of 93/sup 0/F. Air flow rates within the envelope were less than 1 ft/sec even when the attic fan was operating. The earth cooling tubes provided noticeable sensible cooling to the house. Exit temperatures from the cooling tubes were between 72 to 76/sup 0/F, depending upon the air velocity through the tubes. The thermal chimney performed poorly as an air mover, especially when used to induce flow through the earth cooling tubes. The performance of the earth cooling tube could be improved by using the attic fan to increase the air flow through the cooling tubes and to insure it flowed in the cooling tube, through the envelope and out the thermal chimney. Being an exhaust fan, the attic fan created a negative pressure in the house. While this increased air flow through the cooling tubes, it …
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Akridge, J. M. & Benton, C. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
July 29, 2977 magnetic storm: observations and modeling of energetic particles at synchronous orbit
A brief description of the energetic particle studies carried out by Subgroup 6 of CDAW-2 is presented. Instrumentation onboard six spacecraft at (or near) geostationary orbit was used in the analysis. Timing of particle injection during the last, and largest, substorm on July 29, 1977 (approx. 1200 UT) was investigated, as was the particle phase space density variation associated with this event. Energetic proton gradient anisotropies were also used to examine large-scale magnetospheric boundary motions. Finally, adiabatic modeling calculations were performed for the substorm event period, including effects of injection, convection, corotation, and particle drifts. We find substantial evidence to suggest storage of solar wind-derived energy in the magnetotail prior to the substorm and we find this stored energy to be suddenly released at substorm expansion onset. We also find particles at geostationary orbit to be newly accelerated during the substorm to energies greater than or equal to 1 MeV (..mu.. greater than or equal to 100 MeV/G) and modeling shows that these particles could have been convected (and injected) from beyond 10 R/sub E/ in the nightside magnetosphere.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Baker, D.N.; Fritz, T.A. & Wilken, B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Imperial County, geothermal development. Quarterly report, October 1-December 31, 1981
Geothermal development activities have increased during the October to December period. Nine power plant projects are proceeding, this includes two constructed facilities, one facility under construction, three facilities scheduled to begin construction in 1982, and three facilities in the planning or permitting stage. Geothermal exploration activities are continuing with activities in East Brawley, Truckhaven, and near the Superstition Mountains. Interest in direct heat development seems to be increasing. The City of El Centro project is under construction and there are several direct heat projects in preliminary planning stages. Permitting, planning, and waste disposal activities are reviewed.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chiller driven by a solar-steam-powered Rankine engine (SSPRE). Technical status report, October 1, 1980-February 28, 1981
Contractual matters are summarized, including a proposal for a no-cost extension, the work statement for which is appended. Technical progress is also summarized in the areas of: selection of climatic regions and loads, system performance analysis, system specifications, fabrication and assembly, testing plans, and fabrication of a solar-powered air conditioning test-bed system. Appended is a turbine test plan. (LEW)
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Lior, N. & Yeh, H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electronic structure of molecules using relativistic effective core potentials
Starting with one-component Cowan-Griffin relativistic Hartree-Fock orbitals, which successfully incorporate the mass-velocity and Darwin terms present in more complicated wavefunctions such as Dirac-Hartree-Fock, one can derive relativistic effective core potentials (RECP's) to carry out molecular calculations. These potentials implicitly include the dominant relativistic terms for molecules while allowing one to use the traditional quantum chemical techniques for studying the electronic structure of molecules. The effects of spin-orbit coupling can then be included using orbitals from such calculations using an effective 1-electron, 1-center spin-orbit operator. Applications to molecular systems involving heavy atoms, show good agreement with available spectroscopic data on molecular geometries and excitation energies.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Hay, P.J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Data from geothermal test wells near Mount Hood, Oregon
Well specifications, drillers' logs, and temperature logs of geothermal test wells drilled at 7 sites near Mt. Hood, Oregon are presented.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Robison, J. H.; Forcella, L. S. & Gannett, M. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effects of low-energy-electron-capture collisions (H/sub 0/ + c/sup n+/) on the particle and energy balance of tokamak plasmas
To illustrate the way in which atomic data provides enlightenment in the search for understandable (and thus extrapolable) confinement models, we restrict our scope to electron capture collisions involving H/sub 0/ and multiply-charged ions. Many such foreign (impurity) multiply-charged ion species are found in plasma discharges, as a result of gas recycling and damage to the surrounding surfaces by energetic plasma particles. Typical low-Z ions are carbon and oxygen; the major constituents of the stainless steel wall (Fe, Ni, Cr) are intermediate impurities, while high-Z impurities (Mo, W) enter from limiter plates which constrict the hot plasma zone to reduce direct plasma-wall contact. In this discussion, however, attention will be given only to applications of data involving H/sub 0/ + C/sup n+/ ..-->.. H/sup +/ + C/sup (n-1)+/ reactions with energy 10 eV to 2 keV. This energy range is typical of the plasma edge in present devices.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Hogan, J. T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Injection locking of excimer lasers
Reliable injection locking of high-power unstable resonator excimer lasers can be achieved with extremely low reference oscillator power. The criteria for injection locking are discussed and experimental results are given.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Bigio, I.J. & Slatkine, M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Abstracts of papers to be presented at the fifth symposium on x- and gamma-ray sources and applications
The program and abstracts of papers are presented. Topics include radiation sources, radiation detectors, mathematical models and data analysis, gamma-ray spectroscopy, instrumentation, applications of x-ray fluorescence, PIXE, and x-ray absorption. (ACR)
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy optimization in DOD facilities
A static linear programming formulation (management tool) of energy optimization problems on military bases has been developed to assist each of the military services in their planning activities and budgetary allocation decisions. Several objective functions have been defined, resulting in two types of model capabilities: minimization of capital costs (investments) subject to a number of energy and dollar constraints and the maximization of energy savings subject to capital and operating fund budget restrictions and minimum energy performance goals. The management tool defines various levels of aggregation in terms of: (1) geographical boundaries; (2) end-use energy demand; (3) building type characteristics; (4) conservation options; (5) renewable energy and alternative fuel technologies; and (6) a limited set of advanced energy technology options. Both a technical description of and a user's guide to the principal model components and operational attributes of the constructed DOD energy optimization model are presently being prepared. Two key questions are briefly reviewed within the context of preliminary results obtained from application of the developed model to two Air Force Logistics Command installations: (1) the geographical distribution of military construction dollars under a set of budgetary and energy performance constraints; and (2) the selection of energy supply technologies - …
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Roach, F.; Kirschner, C. & Salmon, R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Relevance of long-term carcinogenic and genetic hazards to emergency control
This paper concentrates on how various factors may influence the risk estimates for human exposure to ionizing radiations in general, rather than on one specific nuclear event on a model population. Discussion is related to exposures to external low linear energy transfer radiation and the various parameters that affect human response. (PSB)
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Fry, R.J.M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Net-energy analysis of a retrofit geothermal-heating system
A net energy analysis was carried out as part of a study of the potential engineering and economic feasibility for geothermal heating of the campus of the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque. The geothermal system design included production and disposal wells, surface facilities and retrofitting of eighteen existing buildings. For a 30-year project life, the net energy ratio was found to be about 7.1.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Kauffman, D.; Houghton, A.V. & Kuo, W.S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear waste/nuclear power: their futures are linked
This paper briefly reviews current aspects of radioactive waste disposal techniques and transportation. Addressed are high-level and low-level radioactive wastes, interim spent fuel storage and transportation. The waste options being explored by DOE are listed. Problems of public acceptance will be more difficult to overcome than technical problems. (DMC)
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Skoblar, L.T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Large source test stand for H/sup -/(D/sup -/) ion source
The Brookhaven National Laboratory Neutral Beam Group has constructed a large source test stand for testing of the various source modules under development. The first objective of the BNL program is to develop a source module capable of delivering 10A of H/sup -/(D/sup -/) at 25 kV operating in the steady state mode with satisfactory gas and power efficiency. The large source test stand contains gas supply and vacuum pumping systems, source cooling systems, magnet power supplies and magnet cooling systems, two arc power supplies rated at 25 kW and 50 kW, a large battery driven power supply and an extractor electrode power supply. Figure 1 is a front view of the vacuum vessel showing the control racks with the 36'' vacuum valves and refrigerated baffles mounted behind. Figure 2 shows the rear view of the vessel with a BNL Mk V magnetron source mounted in the source aperture and also shows the cooled magnet coils. Currently two types of sources are under test: a large magnetron source and a hollow cathode discharge source.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Larson, R. & McKenzie-Wilson, R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Sixty-sixth annual report of the state oil and gas supervisor
This report contains tabulated oil and gas statistics compiled during 1980 in California. On-shore and off-shore oil production, gas production, reserves, drilling activity, enhanced recovery activity, unconventional heavy oil recovery, geothermal operations and financial data are reported. (DMC)
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Application of A150-plastic equivalent gases in microdosimetric measurements
Neutron dosimetry measurements with ionization chambers, for the most part, employ tissue equivalent plastic-walled cavities (Shonka A150) filled with either air or a methane-base tissue-like gas. The atomic composition of TE-gas and A150 plastic are not matched and are quite dissimilar from muscle. Awschalom and Attix (1980) have partially resolved the problem by formulating a novel A150-plastic equivalent gas. This establishes a homogeneous wall-gas cavity dosimeter for neutron measurements and confines the necessary corrections to the applications of kerma ratios. In this report, we present measurements of applications of two A150-plastic equivalent gases in a low pressure spherical proportional counter. Gas gains and alpha-particle resolutions were determined. For these A150-mixtures as well as a methane-based TE-gas and an Ar-CO/sub 2/ mixture, we report measurements of event size distributions from exposure to a beam of 14.8 MeV neutrons.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
DeLuca, P.M. Jr.; Higgins, P.D.; Pearson, D.W.; Schell, M. & Attix, F.H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Roles of complex and simple terrain in the estimation of atmospheric diffusion
The highly specialized yet integrated requirements for theory, numerical modeling, and field experiments have led to the organization of teams that incorporate different specialties around a shared objective. This paper attempts to establish a context for the dominant terrain effects including the role of vegetative cover. Some practical needs for a thorough understanding of terrain influence are explored, some of the phenomena that have been identified as complicating the transport and diffusion of pollutants are reviewed. A variety of methods that have been used to characterize the topography itself for atmospheric transport applications are reviewed.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Barr, S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Identification of solid wastes in geothermal operations
Regulations governing the disposal of hazardous wastes led to an assessment for geothermal solid wastes for potentially hazardous characteristics. Samples were collected from three active geothermal sites in the western United States: The Geysers, Imperial Valley, and northwestern Nevada. Approximately 20 samples were analyzed for corrosivity, EP toxicity, radioactivity, and bioaccumulation potential. The samples were further characterized by analysis for cations, anions, moisture content, priority pollutants, and additional trace metals in the leachate. In addition, an aqueous extraction was conducted at ambient pH. None of the samples collected at The Geysers or northwestern Nevada could be classified as hazardous as defined by the RCRA regulations published May 19, 1980 in the Federal Register. However, several samples from the Imperial Valley could be classified as hazardous. These hazardous characteristics appear to be related to the high salinity of geothermal fluids in that order. This study characterized samples from a limited geographical area and results cannot be extrapolated to other geothermal resource areas.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Hagmann, E.L.; Minicucci, D.D. & Wolbach, C.D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California solar energy system performance evaluation, July 1980-June 1981
The Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory site is an office building in California with an active solar energy system designed to supply from 23 to 33% of the space heating load and part of the hot water load. The solar heating system is equipped with 1428 square feet of flat-plate collectors, a 2000-gallon water storage tank, and two gas-fired boilers to supply auxiliary heat for both space heating and domestic hot water. Poor performance is reported, with the solar fraction being only 4%. Also given are the solar savings ratio, conventional fuel savings, system performance factor, and the coefficient of performance. The performance data are given for the collector, storage, solar water heating and solar space heating subsystems as well as the total system. Typical system operation and solar energy utilization are briefly described. The system design, performance evaluation techniques, weather data, and sensor technology are presented. (LEW)
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Wetzel, P.E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Synthesis of carbon-11, fluorine-18, and nitrogen-13 labeled radiotracers for biomedical applications
A number of reviews, many of them recent, have appeared on various aspects of /sup 11/C, /sup 18/F and /sup 13/N-labeled radiotracers. This monograph treats the topic principally from the standpoint of synthetic organic chemistry while keeping in perspective the necessity of integrating the organic chemistry with the design and ultimate application of the radiotracer. Where possible, recent examples from the literature of organic synthesis are introduced to suggest potentially new routes which may be applied to problems in labeling organic molecules with the short-lived positron emitters, carbon-11, fluorine-18, and nitrogen-13. The literature survey of carbon-11, fluorine-18 and nitrogen-13 labeled compounds presented are of particular value to scientists working in this field. Two appendices are also included to provide supplementary general references. A subject index concludes this volume.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Fowler, J. S. & Wolf, A. P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Microwave short-pulse bed-level detector. Annual report, January 1-December 31, 1981
A short-pulse microwave system for measuring the bed-level within a fluidized-bed combustor, has been designed, built, and laboratory tested on static beds. The system is a short-pulse radar which operates in the frequency region of 6.75 to 10.95 GHz as a time-domain measurement system. Laboratory measurements of static bed-levels, for smooth and corrugated surfaces of metal plates and limestone sand, agree to an average of 2.0% of the actual heights. Additionally, the system was tested with a dielectric thermal protector, which did not compromise the accuracy of the measurements. Analytical models have been formulated to provide insight into the operation of the system on a wide range of simulated targets without the necessity of performing expensive and difficult laboratory experiments. Two formulations have been used to describe electromagnetic scattering by a rough surface as a function of frequency: the space harmonic model and the physical optics model. A reconstruction technique has been devised which uses the scattering models and the spectrum of the transmitted pulse to synthesize the reflected pulse. The data generated by the models compare well to previously published data and to experimental results.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Balanis, C.A. & Delauder, D.M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Selected etching and annealing properties of Brazilian quartz crystals for solid state track recorder applications
The etching and annealing properties of Brazilian quartz crystals are under investigation to determine their suitability for use as solid state track recorders (SSTR) and damage monitors in nuclear reactor environments, where temperatures and neutron fluences are high. Observer objectivity in counting fission tracks has been established at the 1 to 2% level, and a method of standardizing chemical etching from one sample of quartz to another has been found. A method has also been found to make corrections for track loss due to thermal annealing in terms of the effect of the annealing on the track size in the direction of maximum bulk etch rate parallel to the 100 plane, provided the fractional track loss does not exceed approx. 40%.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Roberts, J.H.; Gold, R. & Ruddy, F.H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Wind energy/geothermic/solar heating system. Final report
I've observed three distinct ''camps'' of renewable energy resources; WIND, Geothermic, and Solar. None of the three are completely adequate for the NE by themselves. I observe little effort to combine them to date. My objective has been to demonstrate that the three can be combined in a practical system. To mitagate the high cost and poor payback for individual residences, I believe neighborhoods of 4 to 5 homes, apartment complexes or condominiums could form an Energy Association alloting a piece of ground (could be a greenbelt) which would contain the well or wells, solar boosted underground water storage and the Solar banks. These are the high cost items which could be prorated and ammortized by the Association. Easements would permit each residence underground insulated water lines for individual heat pump conversions to existing forced air furnaces. Where regulations permit, an individual home could erect his own windmill to belt drive his freon compressor. With or without the optional windmill the water to freon heat pump with its solar boosts on the well water, will enjoy COP's (coefficient of Performances or times better than electric resistance heat) beyond anything on the market today. In a neighborhood energy association, all trenching …
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Count rate performance of a microchannel plate photomultiplier
The count rate dependent gain change of a microchannel plate photomultiplier has been measured. Gain changes of 60% have been observed for count rates in excess of 2 x 10/sup 5/ s/sup -1/. The microchannel plate photomultiplier was used as a multiplying element of a scintillation detector system using NaI(Tl) as the scintillator. Data are compared to a simplified model of this form of photomultiplier.
Date:
January 1, 1981
Creator:
Nieschmidt, E.B.; Lawrence, R.S.; Gentillon, C.D. & Vegors, S.H. Jr.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library