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Constant <H> resolution of time-dependent Hartree--Fock phase ambiguity
The customary time-dependent Hartree--Fock problem is shown to be ambiguous up to an arbitrary function of time additive to H/sub HF/, and, consequently, up to an arbitrary time-dependent phase for the solution, PHI(t). The ''constant'' (H)'' phase is proposed as the best resolution of this ambiguity. It leads to the following attractive features: (a) the time-dependent Hartree--Fock (TDHF) Hamiltonian, H/sub HF/, becomes a quantity whose expectation value is equal to the average energy and, hence, constant in time; (b) eigenstates described exactly by determinants, have time-dependent Hartree--Fock solutions identical with the exact time-dependent solutions; (c) among all possible TDHF solutions this choice minimizes the norm of the quantity (H--i dirac constant delta/delta t) operating on the ket PHI, and guarantees optimal time evolution over an infinitesimal period; (d) this choice corresponds both to the stationary value of the absolute difference between (H) and (i dirac constant delta/delta t) and simultaneously to its absolute minimal value with respect to choice of the time-dependent phase. The source of the ambiguity is discussed. It lies in the time-dependent generalization of the freedom to transform unitarily among the single-particle states of a determinant at the (physically irrelevant for stationary states) cost of altering only …
Date:
January 1, 1978
Creator:
Lichtner, P. C.; Griffin, J. J.; Schultheis, H.; Schultheis, R. & Volkov, A. B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tests of a Higgins contactor for the engineering-scale resin loading of uranium
The loading of uranium on weak-acid ion exchange resin is a basic step in the production of fuel particles for high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs). In the work reported here, an engineering-scale continuous resin loader (2-in.-ID Higgins contactor) was tested with existing engineering-scale process equipment. The Higgins contactor was first successfully used to convert Na/sup +/-form resin to the H/sup +/-form; then it was evaluated as a uranium loader. Results show that the 2-in.-ID Higgins contactor can easily load 25 kg of uranium per day, indicating that a 4-in.-ID contactor could load 100 kg/day. Process control was achieved by monitoring and controlling the density, pH, and inventory volume of the uranium feed solution. This control scheme is amenable to remote operation.
Date:
January 1, 1978
Creator:
Spence, R. D. & Haas, P. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Criticality considerations for /sup 233/U fuels in an HTGR fuel refabrication facility
Eleven /sup 233/U solution critical assemblies spanning an H//sup 233/U ratio range of 40 to 2000 and a bare metal /sup 233/U assembly have been calculated with the ENDF/B-IV and Hansen-Roach cross sections. The results from these calculations are compared with the experimental results and with each other. An increasing disagreement between calculations with ENDF/B and Hansen-Roach data with decreasing H//sup 233/U ratio was observed, indicative of large differences in their intermediate energy cross sections. The Hansen-Roach cross sections appeared to give reasonably good agreement with experiments over the whole range; whereas the ENDF/B calculations yielded high values for k/sub eff/ on assemblies of low moderation. It is concluded that serious problems exist in the ENDF/B-IV representation of the /sup 233/U cross sections in the intermediate energy range and that further evaluation of this nuclide is warranted. In addition, it is recommended that an experimental program be undertaken to obtain /sup 233/U criticality data at low H//sup 233/U ratios for verification of generalized criticality safety guidelines. Part II of this report presents the results of criticality calculations on specific pieces of equipment required for HTGR fuel refabrication. In particular, fuel particle storage hoppers and resin carbonization furnaces are criticality safe …
Date:
January 1, 1978
Creator:
McNeany, S. R. & Jenkins, J. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bell Creek Fiel micellar-polymer pilot demonstration first annual report, July 1976--September 1977
A Pilot Demonstration is being conducted to determine whether micellar-polymer flooding is an economically feasible technique for enhanced oil recovery from the Muddy Sand Unit ''A'' Reservoir of the Bell Creek Field, Powder River and Carter Counties, Montana. During the first year of this project extensive reservoir studies, site and pattern selection, design and selection of an optimal micellar-polymer system, water flood history matching and preliminary process simulations by numerical models, and development of pilot injection and production wells were completed. The major effort during the first contract year was the design for the Bell Creek pilot of two optimal micellar-polymer processes--one oil-external and one water-external; and the concomitant development of a Selection Methodology by which to decide upon the more suitable process by means of a standard set of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. This effort was completed. The oil-external design was selected for Bell Creek application based upon its superior performance in the standard test series and simulations. The advantages of the Bell Creek oil-external design appear to be better recovery performance, mobility control, and protection against divalent ions. 30 tables, 41 figs.
Date:
January 1, 1978
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Limnological aspects of acid precipitation
Lakes and streams in parts of Norway, Sweden, Canada, and the United States are being severely impacted by acidic precipitation. Scientists meeting at Sagamore, New York, agreed that this is the most serious limnological problem today. The factor responsible for determining the sensitivity of surface waters to acidification is alkalinity derived by weathering of soils and bedrock in the watershed. Acidification, defined as a reduction in alkalinity, can be quantified if preacidification alkalinity data exist, but often they do not. Data on pH and Ca from surface waters in areas not affected by acid precipitation were compared to similar data from areas which receive precipitation with a weighted average hydrogen ion concentration of pH < 4.6. A semiquantitative estimation of surface water acidification can be made for lakes and streams, where earlier chemistry data are lacking, based on this analysis of pH and Ca data. Biological responses to acidification range from a reduction in numbers of species of algae and zooplankton to complete elimination of all fish life. Major biological processes such as primary production and decomposition may be altered leading to an accumulation of plant material and organic debris within lakes and streams. Increased concentrations of aluminum from the …
Date:
January 1, 1978
Creator:
Hendrey, G.R. (ed.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comparative analysis of homogeneous and heterogeneous core critical experiments
Comparative analyses of the homogeneous core critical assembly ZPPR-4 Phase 1 and the heterogeneous core critical assembly ZPPR-7 Phase A have been performed whereby the impact of identical data and data processing changes is assessed for both types of cores. The data changes reflect the differences between ENDF/B-III and ENDF/B-IV, and the changes in data processing reflect differences in the heterogeneity treatment and in the calculation of the elastic removal cross sections. These differences impact differently on the homogeneous and heterogeneous cores. Use of the ENDF/B-IV data and the more rigorous data processing techniques removes a large part of the C/E discrepancies noted in ZPPR-7 Phase A, and both types of cores are essentially predicted consistently.
Date:
January 1, 1978
Creator:
Kujawski, E.; Hartman, A. K. & Stewart, S. L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pion--Nucleon Interaction and Mesonic Atoms. Progress Report, February 1, 1977--January 31, 1978. [Summary of Reseach Activities at Wyoming Univ. , Laramie]
Experimental research in high energy physics and mesic atoms is summarized. A list of publications is included. (JFP)
Date:
January 1, 1978
Creator:
Rebka, G. A., Jr. & Kunselman, R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
One photon exchange processes and the calibration of polarization of high energy protons
Polarization phenomena in small momentum transfer high energy one-photon exchange processes in the reaction p + A ..-->.. X + A where A is a complex nucleus and X is anything are examined. It is shown that these polarizations can be related directly to photoproduction polarization effects in the reaction ..gamma.. + p ..-->.. X at low energies. Explicit formulae are written for polarization effects in the case where X ..-->.. ..pi../sup 0/ + p.
Date:
January 1, 1978
Creator:
Margolis, B. & Thomas, G. H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Conceptual design of an emergency tritium clean-up system
The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) has been selected to design, build, and operate a facility to demonstrate the operability of the tritium-related subsystems that would be required to successfully develop fusion reactor systems. Basically, these subsystems would consist of the deuterium-tritium fuel cycle and associated environmental control systems. An emergency tritium clean-up subsystem (ETC) for this facility will be designed to remove tritium from the cell atmosphere if an accident causes the primary and secondary tritium containment to be breached. Conceptually, the ETC will process cell air at the rate of 0.65 actual m/sup 3//s (1385 ACFM) and will achieve an overall decontamination factor of 10/sup 6/ for tritium oxide (T/sub 2/O). Following the maximum credible release of 100 g of tritium, the ETC will restore the cell to operational status within 24 h without a significant release of tritium to the environment. The basic process will include compression of the air to 0.35 MPa (3.5 atm) in a reciprocating compressor followed by oxidation of the tritium to T/sub 2/O in a catalytic reactor. The air will be cooled to 275 K (350/sup 0/F) to remove most of the moisture, including T/sub 2/O, as a condensate. The remaining moisture …
Date:
January 1, 1978
Creator:
Muller, M.E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Apparatus for simultaneously measuring electrical conductivity and oxygen fugacity
Electrical conductivity studies of silicates are useful in determining temperature vs depth in the earth. Realistic laboratory measurements of conduction mechanisms require that exact determinations of oxygen fugacity (fo{sub 2}) be made in the experimental environment. An apparatus is described that monitors system fo{sub 2} with a calcia-doped zirconia-oxygen cell while measuring electrical conductivity of iron-bearing silicates at high temperature (greater than 1000 K). The fo{sub 2} calculated thermodynamically from CO/CO{sub 2} mixing ratios agreed well with measurements made with the zirconia cell at 1473 K, except for fo{sub 2} greater than 10{sup -4} Pa, where, on a log{sub 10} scale, mixing-ratio errors were as large as +- 0.2. These errors are attributed to oxygen contamination in the CO{sub 2} and to mobile carbon deposits that formed in the apparatus.
Date:
January 31, 1978
Creator:
Netherton, R. & Duba, A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Annotated bibliography on high-intensity linear accelerators. [240 citations]
A technical bibliography covering subjects important to the design of high-intensity beam transport systems and linear accelerators is presented. Space charge and emittance growth are stressed. Subject and author concordances provide cross-reference to detailed citations, which include an abstract and notes on the material. The bibliography resides in a computer database that can be searched for key words and phrases.
Date:
January 1, 1978
Creator:
Jameson, R.A. & Roybal, E.U.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Biological processes for environmental control of effluent streams in the nuclear fuel cycle. [Denitrification; removal of heavy metals]
Nitrates and radioactive heavy metals need to be removed from aqueous effluent streams in the fuel cycle. Biological methods are being developed for reducing nitrate or nitrite to N/sub 2/ gas and for decreasing dissolved metal concentration to less than 1 g/m/sup 3/. Fluidized-bed denitrification bioreactors are being tested. Removal of uranium from solution by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied. (DLC)
Date:
January 1, 1978
Creator:
Shumate, S. E., II; Hancher, C. W.; Strandberg, G. W. & Scott, C. D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Feasibility of using a conductivity or ultrasonic type detector to measure void fraction in the LOFT reactor core inlet and outlet
The feasibility of a conductivity or ultrasonic type detector meeting the LOFT reactor core inlet and outlet void fraction measurement requirements is explored. The tests that were performed to evaluate the existing LOFT liquid level detector electrode configuration as a conductivity void fraction detector and a prototype ultrasonic detector (fabricated by Panametrics, Inc.) are described. The results of these tests and the recommendations for improving the performance of each detector system are included.
Date:
January 1, 1978
Creator:
Buchanan, M.E. & Shurtliff, R.W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Helium generation in fusion reactor materials. Technical progress report, April--September 1977
The near-term objectives of this program are to measure the spectrum-integrated helium generation rates and cross sections of a number of pure elements and alloys in several high-intensity neutron sources, and to develop and demonstrate neutron dosimetry procedures using some of these materials. To this end, four neutron irradiation experiments have now been run: one using accelerator-produced d-Be neutrons, two using the accelerator-produced d-T reaction, and one in the neutron field of a mixed-spectrum fission reactor. All of these irradiations have incorporated a large number of helium-generation materials.
Date:
January 31, 1978
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
MHD power generation: research, development and engineering. Annual progress report, October 1977-September 1978
Separate abstracts were prepared for the six sections in this volume. (WHK)
Date:
January 1, 1978
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Irrigation data base for Arizona
Determining the locations in the U.S. where solar energy might be used for irrigation was proposed. One of the first steps in determining these locations is to establish a data base for the agricultural states that extensively use irrigation. The data base must include information on the crops grown, the irrigation wells, and the irrigation pumps. The results of an effort to establish such a data base for the state of Arizona are presented.
Date:
January 1, 1978
Creator:
Hall, I.J. & Vandevender, S.G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Liquid fuels production from biomass. Progress report No. 5, July 1-September 30, 1978
The current program to convert biomass into liquid hydrocarbon fuels is an extension of the previous program to ferment marine algae to acetic acid. In that study, it was found that marine algae could be converted to higher aliphatic organic acids and that these acids could be readily removed from the fermentation both by membrane or liquid-liquid extraction. It was then proposed to convert these higher organic acids to aliphatic hydrocarbons via Kolbe Electrolysis, which may be used as a diesel fuel. The specific goals for the current program are: (1) Establish conditions under which substrates other than marine algae may be converted in good yield to organic acids. The primary task in this regard is methane suppression. (2) Modify the current 300 liter fixed packed bed batch fermenter to operate in a continuous mode. (3) Change from membrane extraction of organic acids to liquid-liquid extraction. (4) Optimize the energy balance of the electrolytic oxidation process. The primary task in this regard is to reduce the working potential required for the electrolysis while maintaining an adequate current density. (5) Scale the entire process up to match the output of the 300 liter fermenter. The accomplishments in this program are on …
Date:
January 1, 1978
Creator:
Sanderson, J.E. & Wise, D.L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Functional complexity and ecosystem stability: an experimental approach
The complexity-stability hypothesis was experimentally tested using intact terrestrial microcosms. Functional complexity was defined as the number and significance of component interactions (i.e., population interactions, physical-chemical reactions, biological turnover rates) influenced by nonlinearities, feedbacks, and time delays. It was postulated that functional complexity could be nondestructively measured through analysis of a signal generated from the system. Power spectral analysis of hourly CO/sub 2/ efflux, from eleven old-field microcosms, was analyzed for the number of low frequency peaks and used to rank the functional complexity of each system. Ranking of ecosystem stability was based on the capacity of the system to retain essential nutrients and was measured by net loss of Ca after the system was stressed. Rank correlation supported the hypothesis that increasing ecosystem functional complexity leads to increasing ecosystem stability. The results indicated that complex functional dynamics can serve to stabilize the system. The results also demonstrated that microcosms are useful tools for system-level investigations.
Date:
January 1, 1978
Creator:
Van Voris, P.; O'Neill, R.V.; Shugart, H.H. & Emanuel, W.R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of Clean Water Test Sites for Prototype Turbomachinery
Expanded development of total-flow expander technology in order to obtain efficient energy extraction from the liquid flow component of the geothermal well flow, in addition to steam enthalpy conversion, has been undertaken by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL). The flow conditions necessary for this type of complete system performance characterization are beyond the capabilities of the test facility utilized in the preliminary tests at the LLL hot-water test facility. As an alternative to increasing the existing facility to meet the expanded test requirements, test facilities in the industrial California community are being surveyed to assess their capability in supporting future tests of the LLL expander. Biphase Engines, Inc. of Santa Monica, California was contracted by LLL to perform this survey. The goal of the Biphase Engines survey is to identify organizations with, first, an interest in supporting the LLL turbine test program and, second, to review their test capabilities with respect to the turbine test requirements. The results of the survey are described in the following sections which includes a listing of all organizations contacted. The responses to all inquiries are given. The affirmative responses to the test-support requirement are detailed with a description of the test …
Date:
January 5, 1978
Creator:
Cerini, Donald J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Proceedings fourth workshop geothermal reservoir engineering
Forty-three papers are included. Five papers were abstracted previously. Separate abstracts were prepared for thirty-eight. (MHR)
Date:
January 1, 1978
Creator:
Kruger, P. & Ramey, H. J., Jr.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Biological conversion of biomass to methane. Quarterly progress report
Progress in comparative studies of complete-mix and multi-stage reactors for use in the anaerobic fermentation of organic solids for methane production is reported. Results indicate that if a balanced population of organisms can be maintained in the initial stage, multi-stage fermentation is more efficient than a complete-mix system. However, if the system is stressed, failure of the multi-staged system is more rapid. When the first stage is not inhibited due to a short retention time, the waste stabilization in the additional stages is minimal. Further studies on the effect of retention time on reaction rates indicate that the type of reactor design desired will depend upon the objective of the system. If it is desired to maximize the conversion of solids to methane, a staged system will produce more methane per unit volume of reactor for a given quantity of substrate. If the objective is to maximize methane production per unit volume of reactor, a single-stage reactor operating at near the minimum retention is required. Results of studies on the fermentation of manures and corn stover are discussed briefly. (JGB)
Date:
January 1, 1978
Creator:
Pfeffer, J T
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reaction of uranyl nitrate solutions with amberlite IRC-72 cation exchange resin at 30/sup 0/C: a kinetic investigation for the HTGR fuel recycle plant
A kinetic investigation of the reaction of uranyl nitrate solution with Amberlite IRC-72 cation exchange resin was conducted at 30/sup 0/C under conditions similar to those anticipated for a High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor fuel refabrication facility. A simplified mass transfer analogue expression was developed to evaluate the effects of process parameters on the resin loading rate. Correlation of the experimental data with the integrated rate expression depended only on the determination of the reaction velocity constant and the limiting distribution coefficient for uranium in the system. 5 tables, 4 figs.
Date:
January 1, 1978
Creator:
Shaffer, J. H.; Shockley, W. E. & Evans, R. B., III
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Crash test of a nuclear spent fuel cask and truck transport system
Sandia Laboratories has conducted a 96 kph (60 mph) full scale truck impact test for ERDA's Environmental Control Technology Division. Rockets propelled a 20, 500-kg (22-ton) cask mounted on its shipping trailer, coupled to a conventional cab-over tractor, into a massive, heavily reinforced concrete target. This summary report describes and compares the results of the computer analysis, scale model, and full scale tests.
Date:
January 1, 1978
Creator:
Huerta, M. & Yoshimura, R.H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pressurized fluidized-bed combustion component test and integration unit: Title I report. Section 14. Cost estimate details, appendix II
Cost estimate details for installing the equipment and constructing the building for the pressurized fluidized-bed combustion component test and integration unit are tabulated. Estimates of the probability of cost overrun are included. (LCL)
Date:
January 1, 1978
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library