This report uses a digital model to predict the projected increase in ground-water use caused by a population influx for September 1976 in Cortland, New York. It contains maps, tables, and other figures.

From abstract: Channel-routing models were used to route hypothetical releases from reservoirs in the upper Tioga River basin, Pennsylvania. These releases were routed northward down the Tioga River to Lindley, Erwins, and Corning, New York; combined with flows routed down the Cohocton River from Campbell to Corning, New York; and then routed southeastward down the Chemung River from Corning to Chemung, New York. The models used to route the flows of Cohocton and Chemung Rivers accounted for bank-storage discharge and streamflow depletion by well pumpage. In general, 17 years of concurrent streamflow data were available for model calibration and verification.

Abstract: A facility consisting of a circular recharge basin 6.10 meters in diameter with a central observation manhole was developed on Long Island to study the role of the unsaturated zone during aquifer recharge with tertiary-treated sewage. The manhole extends through most of the 7.5-meter-thick unsaturated zone, which is composed of glacial outwash sand and gravel, and enables collection of water samples and monitoring of dynamic characteristics of the unsaturated zone during recharge experiments. The system contains instrumentation for monitoring infiltration rate, pressure-head distribution, soil-moisture content, ground-water levels, and soil gases. The 24.55-square-meter recharge basin has operated in all seasons intermittently since April 1975 and, as of April 1978, has transmitted 62 million liters of tertiary-treated effluent to the water-table aquifer. Overall performance of the facility indicates that it is suitably designed for monitoring the unsaturated zone during artificial-recharge experiments.

Abstract: Unconsolidated strata of clay, silt, sand, and gravel of Late Cretaceous and pre-Wisconsin Pleistoscene ages lie between crystalline basement rocks (bedrock) of Precambrian (?) age and unconsolidated deposits of late Pleistocene (Wisconsin) and Holocene ages in Queens County, Long Island, N.Y., a borough of New York City. Data collected during a recent study of the hydrogeology of the county and updated records of earlier studies have been used to prepare contour maps that delineate the surfaces of the bedrock and the Upper Cretaceous and pre-Wisconsin Pleistocene deposits. The presence of diabase fragments, apparently from the Hudson Palisades, in a buried valley through the county suggests that the ancestral Hudson River was diverted into Queens County in Pleistocene.

From purpose and scope: The study was made to obtain baseline data for the island (Shelter Island) and as part of a larger study of shallow ground-water quality in Suffolk County, New York.

Abstract: The Tioga River and its major tributaries were sampled monthly from September 1973 to May 1975. Water quality in the Tioga River is degraded by acid-mine drainage entering the stream near Blossburg from both strip- and deep-mined areas. The stream supports few species of aquatic life from Blossburg to its confluence with Crooked Creek- Alkaline water of tributaries Mill Creek, Crooked Creek, and the Cowanesque River counteract the acidity carried downstream from Blossburg, and ·the water-quality of the Tioga River gradually improves, supporting a more diversified population of fish and aquatic life. Relationships between selected water-quality parameters have been developed for the sampling stations throughout the basin. Downstream trends were also examined. The relationships will be further refined and implemented in predictive water-quality models as more data are collected.

Abstract: Concentrations of nitrate, chloride, and total sol ids in water in the Magothy aquifer, southeast Nassau County, N.Y., show a steadily increasing trend from the early 1950's to 1973. Vertical distribution of nitrate, chloride, and total-solids concentrations as shown in sections of the study area indicate downward movement of these constituents. Maximum concentrations are in a zone underlying the areas of Westbury, Hicksvil.le, and Plainview. Nitrate (as nitrogen) concentration increased from 4-5 milligrams per liter to 7 milligrams per liter in the area of Westbury and from 3 to 10 milligrams per liter in Plainview during the period 1950-73. During this same period, a 10 milligram-per-liter line of equal-chloride concentration on a cross section in the Westbury area moved downward a distance of less than 50 feet (15 meters), and in the area of Hicksville nearly 150 feet (45 meters). Total-solids concentration doubled in the area of Plainview, where maximum downward movement of pollutants was observed.

From purpose and scope: The purpose and scope of this report is to present the factors that have caused the water-table rise in the East New York section of Brooklyn. The rising water table in Kings County is not sudden or new; it has a history of more than two decades. It will refocus attention on the problem of changing ground-water levels in areas where intensive ground-water pumping has ceased or is occurring.

Report and geographical survey. This report investigates the "steady increase in the chloride and nitrate content of the water" within a glacial aquifer in the Cortland area. Includes several maps and figures.

From introduction: The purpose of the study was to assemble data on the occurrence, movement, availability and chemical quality of ground water in the Hackensack River basin in Bergen and Hudson Counties, New Jersey; to evaluate and interpret the data; and to make the results available to the public.

From introduction: Flooding and flood damage in New York during the calendar year 1972 are summarized in this report. The report was prepared at the request of the New York State Department of Transportation under provisions of an agreement between the department and the U.S. Geological Survey for a cooperative, statewide program to investigate the water resources of the State.

From abstract: A 1-kilometer stream reach receiving leachate-enriched water from a small municipal landfill was studied from 1971-75 to document streamflow rates and chemical quality of the stream and ground water. The distribution of benthic invertebrates and microorganisms in the stream above the landfill was markedly different from that below it; the difference is attributed to the inflow of leachate.

This report presents "a framework is presented for compiling available data for assessing statistical relationships between water quality and several factors of climate, physiography and land use" and includes several maps and graphs.

This report appraises water resources in Homer-Preble valley in central New York and judges that despite an expected rise in residential development, the glacial-outwash aquifer can still operate as the site's main source of water without seriously reduce water quality or quantity. It contains maps, graphs, and tables.

Abstract: Techniques are presented for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods at ungaged sites on unregulated rural streams in New York, excluding Long Island. Discharge-frequency data and basin characteristics of 220 gaging stations in New York and adjacent states were used in multiple linear regression analysis to develop equations for floods that range in recurrence interval from 2 to 100 years. Separate equations were developed for northern, southeastern, and western regions of New York. Drainage area is the independent variable needed in all equations; other variables needed, depending on region, are main-channel slope, storage index, and mean annual precipitation. A method is given for obtaining improved discharge-frequency relationships qt gage sites by weighing log-Pearson Type III and regression estimates according to their variances. Basin characteristics, log-Pearson Type III statistics, and regression and weighted estimates of the discharge-frequency relationship are tabulated for the New York gaging stations used in the regression analysis.

This report presents the results of water sampling in two New York counties and concludes that the possibly cause of fluctuations of chloride, sulfate, and nitrate in the water are "precipitation, lawn fertilizer, dissolved salts from storm runoff, and effluent from septic tanks and cesspools." This report also includes a number of maps and graphs.

From introduction: The primary objective of this study, second in the series, is the development, calibration, and verification of flow-routing models for the Susquehanna River from Waverly, New York, to Sunbury, Pennsylvania. These models will permit SRBC to estimate the effects of water-resource developments upstream from Waverly at six locations on the Susquehanna River. They were also used to simulate for existing conditions at two ungaged sites.