The HTI subsurface characterization task will use the Hanford Cone Penetrometer platform (CPP) to deploy soil sensor and sampling probes into the vadose zone/soils around AX-104 during FY-99. This report provides the data and information compiled during vendor field development tests and laboratory/bench checkout. This document is a vendor deliverable item identified in the ARA Statement of Work HNF-2881, Revision 1. This version of the DTR includes to-be-determined items and some incomplete sections. The Rev. 0 is being released to support the concurrent task of procedure preparation and Qualification Test Plan preparation. Revision 1 is planned to contain all data and information.

This paper describes the design process of physical security as applied to a U.S. Border Port of Entry (PoE). Included in this paper are descriptions of the elements that compose U.S. border security. The physical security design will describe the various elements that make up the process as well as the considerations that must be taken into account when dealing with system integration of those elements. The distinctions between preventing unlawful entry and exit of illegal contraband will be emphasized.

The shallow groundwater and sediments beneath the TNX Area are contaminated with both dissolved and residual chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) such as trichloroethylene (TCE), carbon tetrachloride and perchloroethylene (PCE)..The Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) is studying a new technology for remediating CVOCs known as GeoSiphon. The GeoSiphon Cell is a large diameter well uses granular cast iron for filter pack material and is operated by inducing a siphon to draw contaminated groundwater through the iron filter pack. As groundwater flows through the granular cast iron CVOCs are reduced to ethane, ethene, methane, and chloride ions. Previous laboratory and field studies (ETI, 1996, and Phifer et. al., 1997) conducted by SRTC have shown that granular cast iron is capable of remediating contaminated at TNX. SRTC will be conducting a Dual Cell test of the GeoSiphon technology in 1999 to study the hydraulic interaction of multiple cells operating simultaneously.T his report documents the installation of 3 monitoring wells and 1 pilot hole that were installed to support the Dual phase test. The three monitoring wells will be used to study the hydraulic interaction between the 2 GeoSiphon cells. Continuous core was collected from the proposed location for the second GeoSiphon Cell …

Since beginning operations in 1954, the Savannah River Site FB-Line produced Weapons Grade Plutonium for the United States National Defense Program. The facility mission was mainly to process dilute plutonium solution received from the 221-F Canyon into highly purified plutonium metal. As a result of various activities (maintenance, repair, clean up, etc.) in support of the mission, the facility generated a transuranic heterogeneous debris waste stream. Prior to January 25, 1990, the waste stream was considered suspect mixed transuranic waste (based on potential for inclusion of F-Listed solvent rags/wipes) and is not included in this characterization. Beginning January 25, 1990, Savannah River Site began segregation of rags and wipes containing F-Listed solvents thus creating a mixed transuranic waste stream and a non-mixed transuranic waste stream. This characterization addresses the non-mixed transuranic waste stream packaged in 55-gallon drums after January 25, 1990.Characterization of the waste stream was achieved using knowledge of process operations, facility safety basis documentation, facility specific waste management procedures and storage / disposal records. The report is fully responsive to the requirements of Section 4.0 "Acceptable Knowledge" from the WIPP Transuranic Waste Characterization Quality Assurance Plan, CAO-94-1010, and provides a sound, (and auditable) characterization that satisfies the WIPP …

This section provides the descriptive information for understanding the analyses presented in this preliminary performance assessment. This section addresses the approach taken in the PA, provides a general description of the Savannah River Site E-Area low-level waste facility, and discusses the performance criteria used for evaluating performance.

light water reactors

This report summarizes a comparative analysis of the impact of roof surface solar absorptance, attic, and duct insulation on simulated residential annual cooling and heating energy use in sixteen sunbelt climates. These locations cover a wide range of climates where cool roofs are expected to save energy and money, and are areas with high growth rates in new residential construction. The residences are single-story, single-family of new construction with either a gas furnace or an electric heat pump, and with ducts in the attic OT conditioned zone. The objective is to demonstrate that a residence with a cool roof could utilize a lower level of attic insulation than one with a dark roof with a zero net change in the annual energy bill. Annual energy use is simulated with DOE-2. lE, which was adapted with a validated residential duct-attic function, for dark and cool roofs and eleven attic insulation R-values ranging from 1 through 60. Analysis of the simulated energy savings from the light-colored roofs show that the savings can be transformed into an equivalent reduction in the level of attic insulation. Reductions in R-value are observed in varying degrees for residences with both gas and electric heat, all duct …

Laboratory dissolution studies of aluminum clad mixed oxide fuel rods have been conducted using two different F-Canyon decladding and dissolving flowsheets. During the first phase of the experimental program, materials from three different color coded fuel rods were dissolved in caustic and nitric acid solutions. The final phase of the laboratory program involved the dissolution and characterization of materials from three cracked pellet fuel rods using a selected caustic/ nitric acid flowsheet.Laboratory results obtained from the initial dissolution studies identified several inconsistencies and potential problem issues with the behavior of materials from the color coded fuel rods. Based on these findings and influenced by the difficulties introduced by using the RCRA listed mercury during processing, the flowsheet selected for dissolving these aluminum clad fuel rods in F-Canyon dissolvers was the two- step caustic decladding/ nitric acid dissolution flowsheet.The final phase of the experimental program involved testing materials from three cracked pellet fuel rods using the selected flowsheet. Again all aluminum fuel rod components dissolved during the decladding step. However, some uranium and plutonium bearing solids remained with the caustic decladding solution which could be sent to waste. The quantities of uranium and plutonium expected to remain with the caustic solutions …

This work performed in this project is intended to support the SRS and DOE complex effort to close high-level waste tanks.

We have deposited CdTe thin films by close-spaced sublimation at two different temperature ranges. The films deposited at the lower temperature partially recrystallized after CdCl2 treatment at 350 C and completely recrystallized after the same treatment at 400 C. The films deposited at higher temperature did not recrystallize at these two temperatures. These results confirmed that the mechanisms responsible for changes in physical properties of CdTe films treated with CdCl2 are recrystallization and grain growth, and provided an alternative method to deposit CSS films using lower temperatures.

The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the Federal Nuclear and Radiation Safety Authority of the Russian Federation have been working together since 1994 to carry out a probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) of a VVER-1000 in the Russian Federation. This was a recognition by both parties that this technology has had a profound effect on the discipline of nuclear reactor safety in the West and that the technology should be transferred to others so that it can be applied to Soviet-designed plants. The NRC provided funds from the Agency for International Development and technical support primarily through Brookhaven National Laboratory and its subcontractors. The latter support was carried out through workshops, by documenting the methodology to be used in a set of guides, and through periodic review of the technical activity. The result of this effort to date includes a set of procedure guides, a draft final report on the Level 1 PRA for internal events (excluding internal fires and floods), and progress reports on the fire, flood, and seismic analysis. It is the authors belief that the type of assistance provided by the NRC has been instrumental in assuring a quality product and transferring important technology for use by …

This fact sheet describes the Technology Cooperation Agreement Pilot Project (TCAPP) established by U.S. Government agencies USAID, EPA, and DOE and programs USCSP and USIJI in August 1997. TCAPP is currently facilitating voluntary partnerships between the governments of Brazil, China, Kazakhstan, Mexico, and the Philippines, the U.S. and other OECD countries, international donors, and the private sector, on a common set of actions that will advance implementation of clean energy technologies. The five participating countries have been actively engaged in shaping this initiative along with international donors and the private sector. This program helps fulfill the U.S. obligation to support technology transfer to developing countries under Article 4.5 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. TCAPP also provides a mechanism to focus resources across international donor programs on technology cooperation needs of developing and transition countries. The goals of TCAPP are to: (1) Foster private investment in energy technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and produce economic benefits for the country; (2) Engage in-country and international donor support for actions to build sustainable markets for clean energy technologies; and (3) Establish technology cooperation agreements as an organizing structure for coupling in-country, donor, and private-sector climate change mitigation actions. …

The novelty of this work is in presenting interesting error properties of two types of asymptotically optimal quadrilateral meshes for bilinear approximation. The first type of mesh has an error equidistributing property where the maximum interpolation error is asymptotically the same over all elements. The second type has faster than expected super-convergence property for certain saddle-shaped data functions. The super-convergent mesh may be an order of magnitude more accurate than the error equidistributing mesh. Both types of mesh are generated by a coordinate transformation of a regular mesh of squares. The coordinate transformation is derived by interpreting the Hessian matrix of a data function as a metric tensor. The insights in this work may have application in mesh design near known corner or point singularities.

GaInP/GaAs cells invented and developed at NREL have achieved world-record efficiencies. We estimate that their production for space applications has grown to > $100 million/yr. Approximately 300 MW/yr of 1000X terrestrial concentrator cells could be fabricated with the existing manufacturing capacity at a cost of about 21{cents}/Wp. A resurgence of interest in terrestrial PV concentrators, together with the strength of the III-V space-solar-cell industry, indicate that III-V cells are also attractive for terrestrial applications.

A study of the uncertainty in calculations of the rod ejection accident in a pressurized water reactor is being carried out for the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. This paper is a progress report on that study. Results are presented for the sensitivity of core energy deposition to the key parameters: ejected rod worth, delayed neutron fraction, Doppler reactivity coefficient, and fuel specific heat. These results can be used in the future to estimate the uncertainty in local fuel enthalpy given some assumptions about the uncertainty in the key parameters. This study is also concerned with the effect of the intra-assembly representation in calculations. The issue is the error that might be present if assembly-average power is calculated, and pin peaking factors from a static calculation are then used to determine local fuel enthalpy. This is being studied with the help of a collaborative effort with Russian and French analysts who are using codes with different intra-assembly representations. The US code being used is PARCS which calculates power on an assembly-average basis. The Russian code being used is BARS which calculates power for individual fuel pins using a heterogeneous representation based on a Green's Function method.

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Adherence of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings (TBC'S} is strongly dependent on mechanical interlocking at the interface between the ceramic coating and the underlying metallic bond coat. Typically, a rough bond-coat surface topology is required to achieve adequate mechanical bonding. However, the resultant interfacial asperities modify the residual stresses that develop in the coating system due to thermal expansion differences, and other misfit strains, and generate stresses that can induce progressive fracture and eventual spallation of the ceramic coating. For a flat interface the principal residual stress is parallel to the interface as the stress normal to the interface is zero. However, the residual stress normal to the interface becomes non-zero, when the interface has the required interlocking morphology. In the present study, an actual microstructure of a plasma-sprayed TBC system was numerically simulated and analyzed with a recently developed, object-oriented finite element analysis program, OOF, to give an estimate of the localized residual stresses in a TBC system. Additionally, model TBC rnicrostructures were examined to evaluate the manner in which the topology of interfacial asperities influences residual stresses. Results are present for several scenarios of modifying interfacial roughness.

A physical model is developed to quantify the contribution of oxide-trapped charge to enhanced low-dose-rate gain degradation in bipolar junction transistors. Multiple-trapping simulations show that space charge limited transport is partially responsible for low-dose-rate enhancement. At low dose rates, more holes are trapped near the silicon-oxide interface than at high dose rates, resulting in larger midgap voltage shifts at lower dose rates. The additional trapped charge near the interface may cause an exponential increase in excess base current, and a resultant decrease in current gain for some NPN bipolar technologies.

This work demonstrated high-efficiency CIGS cells based on highly resistive ZnO buffer layers grown by MOCVD. One cell based on NREL CIGS and a ZnO buffer layer exhibited an active-area efficiency of nearly 14%. This result is one of the best efficiencies reported for a ''direct'' ZnO/CIGS cell made with a vacuum process.

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Ion Beam Induced Charge Collection (IBICC) and Time Resolved IBICC (TRIBICC) techniques were e for imaging electronic properties of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) room temperature radiation detectors. The detectors were bombarded with a scanned 5.4 MeV He microbeam and the detector response was analyzed at each point. The electron mobility (A) and Metime (z.), and charge collection efficiency maps were calculated from the data. In order to determine the radiation damage to the detectors, the signal deteriomtion was measured as the function of dose.