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Why Certain Trade Agreements Are Approved as Congressional-Executive Agreements Rather Than as Treaties
U.S. trade agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), World Trade Organization agreements, and bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) have been approved by majority vote of each house rather than by two-thirds vote of the Senate - that is, they have been treated as congressional-executive agreements rather than as treaties. The congressional-executive agreement has been the vehicle for implementing Congress's long-standing policy of seeking trade benefits for the United States through reciprocal trade negotiations. This report discusses this topic in brief.
Date:
January 19, 2011
Creator:
Grimmett, Jeanne J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mercury in the Environment: Sources and Health Risks
None
Date:
January 19, 2006
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Federal R&D Funding Under a Continuing Resolution
This report expressed growing concerns about America's ability to compete in the technological global market place.
Date:
January 19, 2007
Creator:
Davey, Michael E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Avoiding Gridlock in the Skies: Issues and Options for Addressing Growth in Air Traffic
The report discusses the factors affecting airport and airspace capacity, Impact of Under-capacity on flight Operations and Impact on congestion on aviation safety.
Date:
January 19, 2006
Creator:
Elias, Bart
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Automobile and Light Truck Fuel Economy: The CAFE Standards
On April 6, 2006, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) released a final rulemaking for sport utility vehicles (SUVs) and light duty trucks beginning with model year (MY) 2008. The rule restructures the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) program for light trucks to establish standards based upon vehicle size, as opposed to the current program with one average standard for all light trucks. It marks a significant change to the CAFE program for trucks.
Date:
January 19, 2007
Creator:
Yacobucci, Brent D. & Bamberger, Robert
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Budget FY2000: A Chronology with Internet Access
This report consists of a chronology with internet access with budget FY 2000.
Date:
January 19, 2000
Creator:
Watkins, Susan E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Free Trade Area of the Americas: Major Policy Issues and Status of Negotiations
This report provides information about the Major Policy Issues and Status of Negotiations on the Free Trade Area of the Americas. The FTAA began as a commitment by 34 countries to consider a comprehensive trade agreement.
Date:
January 19, 2006
Creator:
Hornbeck, J. F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Lead in Drinking Water: Washington, DC, Issues and Broader Regulatory Implications
None
Date:
January 19, 2005
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Home and Community-Based Services Under Medicaid
This report looks at the history of Medicaid program as it relates to state flexibility in offering HCBS.
Date:
January 19, 2011
Creator:
Stone, Julie
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Implications of the Medicare Prescription Drug Benefit for Dual Eligibles and State Medicaid Programs
This report provides information about the Implications of the Medicare Prescription Drug Benefit for Dual Eligibles and State Medicaid Programs. The report states the changes to eligibility for dual eligibles, changes to the scope of prescription coverage of the drugs.
Date:
January 19, 2006
Creator:
Tritz, Karen
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Summary of U.S. Casualties
None
Date:
January 19, 2006
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Flag Protection: A Brief History and Summary of Recent Supreme Court Decisions and Proposed Constitutional Amendment
This report provides information about A Brief History and Summary of Recent Supreme Court Decisions and Proposed Constitutional Amendment on Flag Protection.This report is divided into two reports.The first report gives a brief history of the flag protection issue and the other summarizes the two decisions of the United States supreme court.
Date:
January 19, 2007
Creator:
Luckey, John R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Brownfields Tax Incentive Extension
This report discusses the brownfields tax incentive, which expires on December 31, 2007. Enacted in 1997, the provision allowed a taxpayer to fully deduct the costs of environmental cleanup in the year the costs were incurred, rather than spreading the costs over a period of years.
Date:
January 19, 2007
Creator:
Reisch, Mark
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Water Infrastructure Project Earmarks in EPA Appropriations: Trends and Policy Implications
This report discusses appropriations for EPA water infrastructure programs, focusing on congressional earmarks in the account that funds these programs. Information on the programmatic history of EPA involvement in assisting wastewater treatment and drinking water projects is provided in two appendixes.
Date:
January 19, 2006
Creator:
Copeland, Claudia
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Water Infrastructure Financing: History of EPA Appropriations
This report summarizes, in chronological order, congressional activity to fund items in the State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG) account since 1987. In appropriations legislation, funding for EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) wastewater assistance is contained in the measure providing funds for the Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies.
Date:
January 19, 2006
Creator:
Copeland, Claudia
System:
The UNT Digital Library
House Committee Reports: Required Contents
This report discusses house rules and statutes that detail several substantive requirements for items to be included in reports accompanying bills reported from committees. It provides a table that lists each rule with the requirement and applications.
Date:
January 19, 1999
Creator:
Schneider, Judy
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Debt Limit Since 2011
This report discusses the U.S. government's debt limit and the various extensions of it since 2011.
Date:
January 19, 2018
Creator:
Austin, D. Andrew
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Is Impossibility Preemption Impossible? Federal Drug Law and Preemption of State Tort Claims
This report discusses the potential Supreme Court case of "Merck v. Albrecht". The report concludes with an overview of the "Merck" petition, analyzing the key issues of interest for Congress that the petition raises.
Date:
January 19, 2018
Creator:
Armstrong, Kathryn B.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Prevalence of Mental Illness in the United States: Data Sources and Information
This report briefly describes the methodology and results of three large surveys that provide national prevalence estimates of diagnosable mental illness: the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), and the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). This report presents prevalence estimates of any mental illness and serious mental illness based on each survey and ends with a brief discussion of how these prevalence estimates might inform policy discussions.
Date:
January 19, 2018
Creator:
Bagalman, Erin & Cornell, Ada S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Government Contract Bid Protests In Brief: Analysis of Legal Processes and Recent Developments
This report briefly analyzes the varying legal procedures applicable to bid protests under each forum, which may be relevant to Congress as it assesses potential reforms to the bid protest process. First, the report provides an overview of bid protests generally and the legal procedures applicable to bid protests made in each forum. Next, the report analyzes the legal distinctions among these forums. Finally, the report discusses recent legislative developments affecting bid protest procedures and potential considerations for Congress.
Date:
January 19, 2018
Creator:
Carpenter, David H. & Schwartz, Moshe
System:
The UNT Digital Library
SBA Office of the National Ombudsman: Overview, History, and Current Issues
This report examines the Office of the National Ombudsman's origin and history; describes its organizational structure, funding, functions, and current activities; and discusses a recent legislative effort to enhance its authority. S. 1146, the Small Business Regulatory Relief Act of 2017. This report also discusses some challenges facing the Office of the National Ombudsman.
Date:
January 19, 2018
Creator:
Dilger, Robert Jay
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Iran's Foreign and Defense Policies
This report discusses Iran's foreign and defense policy and the reasoning behind it, as well as U.S. concerns regarding their power and nuclear weapon capability.
Date:
January 19, 2018
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The U.S. Postal Service's Financial Condition: Overview and Issues for Congress
This report provides an overview of the U.S. Postal Service's (USPS's) financial condition, recent legislation to alleviate the USPS's financial challenges, and possible issues for the 111th Congress.
Date:
January 19, 2010
Creator:
Kosar, Kevin R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Temporary Protected Status: Current Immigration Policy and Issues
This report is a brief overview of current policies regarding temporary protected status (TPS), which is relief from removal under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). It includes information about humanitarian migrants, temporary protected status, other blanket forms of relief, nationalities receiving protections, and issues with TPS, as well as recent legislation.
Date:
January 19, 2010
Creator:
Wasem, Ruth Ellen & Ester, Karma
System:
The UNT Digital Library