The current study reported here has involved three separate tasks. The first re-evaluates previous benefit estimates derived, using more realistic rates of discount and other parameter changes. The second task investigates other possible commercial uses of technologies which must be developed in providing commercial fusion power. Several such applications have been identified and potential market sizes estimated. The third task develops a methodology for evaluating the impact of additional projects in support technology RD and D on the value of the overall fusion program. This effort has shown that it is possible to economically prioritize RD and D on those functions which will be required in commercial fusion and to provide economic rationales for program changes. The results of this task indicate substantial benefit from increased pursuit of RD and D in several support technology areas. (MOW)

The assessed phase diagram of Fe-V exhibits a continuous high temperature bcc solid solution intersected at lower temperatures by a complex sigma phase centered around equiatomic composition. Slow kinetics of the bcc to sigma transformation make it possible to retain the bcc solid solution at low temperature. It has been observed that this metastable solid solution has a tendency to order with a CsCl type structure (B2) below 970 K. As a first attempt to describe this behavior from an electronic structure approach, this paper will study the phase stability on the bcc lattice using a realistic tight-binding Hamiltonian. Main features are as follows: Element and structure specific Slater-Koster parameters are used and lattice parameter effects are incorporated through scaling. Charge transfer is set to zero by rigidly shifting the onsite energies of one constituent. The Coherent Potential Approximation (CPA) is invoked with four levels corresponding to states with s, p, t{sub 2g} and e{sub g} like symmetry. Effects of off-diagonal disorder (ODD) have not been included, instead, an average alloy Hamiltonian was defined using the Slater-Koster parameters of the components weighted by concentration. At equiatomic composition the effect of this approximation has been evaluated by repeating the electronic structure …

The Coal Reburning for Cyclone Boiler NO[sub x], Control Demonstration project progress for July, August, and September 1992 is identified in this tenth quarterly report and pertains to the on-going activities of Phase III Operation and Disposition. The project involves retrofitting/testing the reburning technology at Wisconsin Power Light's 100 MWe Nelson Dewey Unit [number sign]2 in Cassville, Wisconsin to determine the commercial applicability of this technology to reduce NO[sub x] emission levels. Phase III activities emphasized continuation of long-term testing. WP L is operating the reburn system in full automatic in a load following mode, using Lamar coal, which is an Indiana bituminous medium sulfur content fuel. Reductions in NO[sub x] emissions continue at the 50%+ level with no apparent significant adverse impacts to boiler operation. As of the end of September, a second set of performance tests were initiated to determine if any performance impacts as a result of long-term operation have occurred. Data evaluation continued in an effort to design a testing sequence to more precisely evaluate reburn impact on unburned carbon. These tests will be carried out during the second set of performance tests in early October. Performance and mathematical modeling are being carried out to understand …

The conceptual design of a 40 to 50 MW closed cycle ammonia OTEC commercial plant, the preliminary design of a 10 MW OTEC module analogous to the 50 MW module, and the preliminary design of heat exchanger test articles (evaporator and condenser) representative of the 50 MW heat exchangers for testing in OTEC-1 are presented. This volume of the report includes the following appendices: H) conceptual design description of the electrical systems; I) control and instrumentation; J) OTEC power module assembly; and K) cost estimates for each of the cost components. (WHK)

This project is concerned with a basic scientific question concerning the properties of coal- to what extent is the ability of coal to hold moisture a manifestation of the well-known ability of coal to swell, when exposed to good solvents The question implies that the long-held belief that coal holds a significant portion of its moisture by classical capillary condensation processes, is possibly in error. This seems to be a very real possibility for low rank coals, i.e. lignites. To explore this hypothesis further requires an examination of the basic phenomena governing the swelling of coals in good solvents. This is the focus of the first part of this project. The possibility that coal holds a significant portion of its moisture by solvent swelling mechanisms leads to an interesting technical issue. It is well known that simple drying of low rank coals is ineffective because the process is reversible, to a significant degree. Pyrolytic treatments of the coals in oil, steam or liquid water itself. Pyrolytically remove oxygen groups, which are assumed to be those that hold water most strongly by hydrogen bonding. The treatments have been designed to minimize tar formation and decrepitation of the particles, both highly undesirable. …

This final report describes activities related to the design and initial demonstration of a passive multilayer groundwater sampling system. The apparatus consists of remotely controlled cylinders filled with deionized water which are connected in tandem. Vertical fine structure of contaminants are easily defined. Using the apparatus in several wells may lead to three dimensional depictions of groundwater contamination, thereby providing the information necessary for site characterization and remediation.

An extensive amount of data were obtained from measurements of protonproton elastic scattering up to 5 GeV/c. We summarize physics learned from these data as well as other related experimental results.

This publication provides information on the interstate pipeline companies' supply of natural gas during calendar year 1989, for use by the FERC for regulatory purposes. It also provides information to other Government agencies, the natural gas industry, as well as policy makers, analysts, and consumers interested in current levels of interstate supplies of natural gas and trends over recent years. 5 figs., 18 tabs.

The Tandem-Mirror-Next-Step (TMNS) facility is designed to demonstrate the engineering feasibility of a tandem-mirror reactor. The facility is based on a deuterium-tritium (D-T) burning, tandem-mirror device with a fusion power output of 245 MW. The fusion power density in the central cell is 2.1 MW/m/sup 3/, with a resultant neutron wall loading of 0.5 MW/m/sup 2/. Overall machine length is 116 m, and the effective central-cell length is 50.9 m. The magnet system includes end cells with yin-yang magnets to provide magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability and thermal-barrier cells to help achieve a plasma Q of 4.7 (where Q = fusion power/injected power). Neutral beams at energies up to 200 keV are used for plasma heating, fueling, and barrier pumping. Electron cyclotron resonant heating at 50 and 100 GHz is used to control the electron temperature in the barriers. Based on the resulting engineering design, the overall cost of the facility is estimated to be just under $1 billion. Unresolved physics issues include central-cell ..beta..-limits against MHD ballooning modes (the assumed reference value of ..beta.. exceeds the current theory-derived limit), and the removal of thermalized ..cap alpha..-particles from the plasma.

Traveler attended the meeting of the Standing Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change of the International Social Science Council (ISSC) and the Scientific Symposium organized by the Standing Committee. The purpose of the meeting and symposium was to discuss the Draft Framework and the Workplan of the Standing Committee prior to its presentation to the 1990 Congress of the ISSC on November 28--30, 1990. The meetings indicate that ORNL Global Environmental Studies Center is on the international leading edge of human dimensions research, except in the area of human dimensions data systems. This weakness could be rectified by close collaboration with the efforts of the Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) in Michigan.

The following topics are discussed on the Brookhaven electron analogue: L.J. Haworth and E.L. VanHorn letters; Original G.K. Green outline for report; General description; Parameter list; Mechanical Assembly; Alignment; Degaussing; Vacuum System; Injection System; The pulsed inflector; RF System; Ferrite Cavity; Pick-up electrodes and preamplifiers; Radio Frequency power amplifier; Lens supply; Controls and Power; and RF acceleration summary.

At the present stage of reactor coolant studies it is possible to say that radiation has an effect on the deposition behavior of corrosion products in the reactor. A quantitative relation between flux ad deposition rate or amount is not available, nor is there information as to exactly which component, or combination thereof, of the radiation is of most importance. To determine these effect conducted and those of other process parameters, Battelle-Northwest (BNW) conducted an experimental program for the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory (KAPL) to evaluate the behavior of corrosion products in pressurized water-cooled nuclear reactor systems. Testing procedures and results are detailed in this report.

This final report describes activities related to the design and initial demonstration of a passive multilayer groundwater sampling system. The apparatus consists of remotely controlled cylinders filled with deionized water which are connected in tandem. Vertical fine structure of contaminants are easily defined. Using the apparatus in several wells may lead to three dimensional depictions of groundwater contamination, thereby providing the information necessary for site characterization and remediation.

Graphite shrinkage of 0.60 inches (approximately 30 per cent) has been observed at F Reactor in the region of maximum graphite distortion. A reduction of graphite distortion at B Reactor of 0.60 inches in the top-center and 0.32 inches in the top-far region also has been observed. Analysis of the vertical traverse data indicates that continued graphite annealing with resultant decrease in graphite distortion might be anticipated although perhaps at a reduced rate. No significant detrimental effects have been observed from operation with either the increased charge length or the flux slightly skewed to the front of the reactor. Operation with severe flux skewing resulted in detrimental control effects. It is recommended that operation with the flux skewed to the front of B and F Reactors through the use of a longer charge (centered slightly upstream of the graphite century-line) be continued subject to periodic review.

This report discusses the review of the proposed thorium nitrate specifications,the preparation of tentative product specifications for Purex U-233 and thorium nitrates, and an estimation of the feasibility, cost and product composition for providing U-233 oxide at Hanford. The tentative specifications proposed for U-233 and thorium product for the Purex Plant are presented. The values chosen represent the understanding of feed material and reactor processing needs and the current estimates of Purex Plant capabilities.

We are currently developing a component based, parallel visualization and graphical analysis tool for visualizing and analyzing data on two- and three-dimensional (20, 30) meshes. The tool consists of three primary components: a graphical user interface (GUI), a viewer, and a parallel compute engine. The components are designed to be operated in a distributed fashion with the GUI and viewer typically running on a high performance visualization server and the compute engine running on a large parallel platform. The viewer and compute engine are both based on the Visualization Toolkit (VTK), an open source object oriented data manipulation and visualization library. The compute engine will make use of parallel extensions to VTK, based on MPI, developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory in collaboration with the originators of P K . The compute engine will make use of meta-data so that it only operates on the portions of the data necessary to generate the image. The meta-data can either be created as the post-processing data is generated or as a pre-processing step to using VisIt. VisIt will be integrated with the VIEWS' Tera-Scale Browser, which will provide a high performance visual data browsing capability based on multi-resolution techniques.

Embedded gold and mechanical deformation in silica were used to investigate initiation of laser-induced damage at 3.55-nm (7.6 ns). The nanoparticle-covered surfaces were coated with between 0 and 500 nm of SiO{sub 2} by e-beam deposition. The threshold for observable damage and initiation site morphology for these ''engineered'' surfaces was determined. The gold nanoparticle coated surfaces with 500nm SiO{sub 2} coating exhibited pinpoint damage threshold of <0.7 J/cm{sup 2} determined by light scattering and Nomarski microscopy. The gold nanoparticle coated surfaces with the 100nm SiO{sub 2} coatings exhibited what nominally appeared to be film exfoliation damage threshold of 19 J/cm{sup 2} via light scattering and Nomarski microscopy. With atomic force microscopy pinholes could be detected at fluences greater than 7 J/cm{sup 2} and blisters at fluences greater than 3 J/cm{sup 2} on the 100 nm-coated surfaces. A series of mechanical indents and scratches were made in the fused silica substrates using a nano-indentor. Plastic deformation without cracking led to damage thresholds of -25 J/cm{sup 2}, whereas indents and scratches with cracking led to damage thresholds of only {approx}5 J/cm{sup 2}. Particularly illuminating was the deterministic damage of scratches at the deepest end of the scratch, as if the scratch acted …

Various operations are authorized in Hanford single- and double-shell tanks that disturb all or a large fraction of the waste. These globally waste-disturbing activities have the potential to release a large fraction of the retained flammable gas and to affect future gas generation, retention, and release behavior. This report presents analyses of the expected flammable gas release mechanisms and the potential release rates and volumes resulting from these activities. The background of the flammable gas safety issue at Hanford is summarized, as is the current understanding of gas generation, retention, and release phenomena. Considerations for gas monitoring and assessment of the potential for changes in tank classification and steady-state flammability are given.

In most numerical codes which simulate shock wave propagation through rocks the stresses which drive the grid are separated into a mean stress and deviatory components. The mean stress (P = -/sup 1///sub 3/ t/sub ii/) is measured as a function of volume on small samples in the laboratory which is normally called the hydrostat. Repeating these measurements on many samples, unloading each sample from a different mean stress, will produce a single loading pressure-volume curve and a series of unloading curves. The difference between the volume of each unloading path at zero mean stress and the original volume of the sample represents the amount of void space that has been irreversibly squeezed out. Ideally the input for the numerical programs should include all of the P-V data measured, however, this is not practical. The present method used in SOC and TENSOR is to input the loading hydrostat and a single unloading path from the maximum mean stress obtained experimentally (usually approximately 40 kbars). Intermediate unloading paths are then interpolated using a weighted average between the slopes of the loading and unloading curves. The model presented is designed to correct deficiencies in the present method.

The Institutional Computing Executive Group (ICEG) review of FY05-06 Multiprogrammatic and Institutional Computing (M and IC) activities is presented in the attached report. In summary, we find that the M and IC staff does an outstanding job of acquiring and supporting a wide range of institutional computing resources to meet the programmatic and scientific goals of LLNL. The responsiveness and high quality of support given to users and the programs investing in M and IC reflects the dedication and skill of the M and IC staff. M and IC has successfully managed serial capacity, parallel capacity, and capability computing resources. Serial capacity computing supports a wide range of scientific projects which require access to a few high performance processors within a shared memory computer. Parallel capacity computing supports scientific projects that require a moderate number of processors (up to roughly 1000) on a parallel computer. Capability computing supports parallel jobs that push the limits of simulation science. M and IC has worked closely with Stockpile Stewardship, and together they have made LLNL a premier institution for computational and simulation science. Such a standing is vital to the continued success of laboratory science programs and to the recruitment and retention of …

SRNL analyzed the Decontamination Salt Solution (DSS) coalescer from MCU by several analytical methods. This unit was removed from service in May 2010. The results of these analyses indicate that there is very little evidence of fouling via excessive solids, either from the leaching studies or X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis.

A test needed to be set up to determine if it is possible, using different pressures and button spacings, to successfully flatten the uranium plates, and test the current CC design. To run the test a series of 12 plates was set up in a cryogenic bath with bellows at one end of the bath to apply pressure to the stack. Each plate was numbered for identification and this can be noted on figure one, and plate flatness data. To determine the flatness of each uranium plate before stacking a number of measurements were taken. These included: (1) overall dimensions of each plate; (2) thickness of each plate at different locations on the plate; (3) ultrasound thickness test; (4) dial gauge front contour; and (5) dial gauge back contour. The plates were stacked as indicated in figure 1. they were randomly oriented, and orientation of each is noted in figure 1. The Fermilab number will always be located on the front of the plate. the locations noted on figure 1 are the locations of the Fermi-number. The plates were compressed then flooded with liquid nitrogen. Compression using 20 PSI in the bellows. Gap measurements could now be taken. This was …

This CRADA intended to explore the properties of large grain ingot niobium by fabricating four single cell TESLA shaped accelerating cavities. Once the cavities were fabricated, SRF performance would be measured. Niowave received four discs of large grain ingot niobium from JLAB in February 2009. Niowave cut samples from each disc and tested the RRR. After the RRR was measured with disappointing results, the project lost interest. A no cost extension was signed in July 2009 to allow progress until June 2010, but ultimately no further work was accomplished by either party. No firm conclusions were drawn, as further investigations were not made. Large grain ingot niobium has shown real potential for high accelerating gradient superconducting cavities. However, this particular CRADA did not gather enough data to reach any conclusions in this regard.

The hazardous waste/mixed waste HW/MW Treatment Building (TB) is the specified treatment location for solid hazardous waste/mixed waste at SRS. This report provides throughput information on the facility based on known and projected waste generation rates. The HW/MW TB will have an annual waste input for the first four years of approximately 38,000 ft{sup 3} and have an annual treated waste output of approximately 50,000 ft{sup 3}. After the first four years of operation it will have an annual waste input of approximately 16,000 ft{sup 3} and an annual waste output of approximately 18,000 ft. There are several waste streams that cannot be accurately predicted (e.g. environmental restoration, decommissioning, and decontamination). The equipment and process area sizing for the initial four years should allow excess processing capability for these poorly defined waste streams. A treatment process description and process flow of the waste is included to aid in understanding the computations of the throughput. A description of the treated wastes is also included.