Quarterly report describing the progress and development of improved zirconium alloys for service in superheated water and steam. This report covers the period between July 1 to September 30, 1961.

The o-aminophenol, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-OHAA) is a metabolite of tryptophan normally present in urine in trace quantities. C14-3-OHAA was given to normal mice and mice with either mammary adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma multiforme or ascites tumor to study the influence of these transplantable tumors on metabolism of 3-OHAA.

This partially annotated bibliography contains 334 references from papers published from 1945 to 1959 and includes references on the consumable - and nonconsumable - electrode vacuum arc melting process. References are also given on electrode preparation, furnace construction and operation, melting, sintering, vacuum techniques, and theory.

"The problem of explaining the lack of radiative muon decay in an intermediate charged vector meson theory is discussed. A possible way of introducing the charged vector meson to the theory of weak interactions is outlined in which renormalization is retained. However, if this way is used, the anomalous magnetic moment is calculated to be large, which is in contradiction with expectation."

Summary: The design, construction and assembly of all components were completed during the first contract year previous to December 1963. These efforts, defined by Tasks A-F, are document in (1), (2), and (3). Brief summaries of these completed efforts are given in the introduction to each of the tasks in the text of this report. The digest given below covers only the shakedown and analysis work carried out in the fourth quarter of the first contract year. Task G Shakedown Tests. The photographic procedure has been experimentally defined for the glass test section. Four automatic 35 mm cameras and four strobe light sources have been ordered on ATL funds and their respective mounting arrangements are in place. Roughly ten test runs were carried out in the glass test section during the course of the above work. Satisfactory recorder traces have been obtained on all measurement systems. These systems presently meet the accuracy and linearity specifications initially set. An x-ray void fraction signal adjustment and filtering circuit has been design and installed to provide equal resolution across the test section. Calibration disc inserts have been installed to permit satisfactory beam intensity calibration. Good agreement has been obtained between calculated and measured …

"The correction to photon-photon scattering processes due to the existence of the particles other than electrons is reported. The correction is of the same order in the electric charge as the lowest order term in the perturbation expansion in quantum electrodynamics, although the relevant corrections to the electron-photon and electron-electron scattering are all of higher order."

"Time of flight spectrometers for the study of neutrons emitted in charged particle reactions have become important in recent years, following the development of suitable photomultiplier tubes and electronic circuits for nanosecond (ns) timing measurements. The principle of operation is simple. The particles exciting the nuclear reactions in which the neutrons are produced fall on the target in bunches of the order of a nanosecond in width. the arrival of product neutrons at a organic scintillation counter (proton recoil) detector placed a few meters from the target gives signals which can be used to determine the flight time of the neutrons from target to detector. A time-reference pule corresponding to the arrival of beam pulses at the target is required."

The program KRUDE, which solves the slowing down and adjoint equations for a mixture of resonance and nonresonance isotopes in an infinite homogeneous medium, was used to evaluate some resonance capture approximations (variational and successive) that use linear combinations of narrow and wide resonance fluxes. Results obtained for resonance capture in the 291-ev resonance of Zr/sup 91/ and the 192-ev resonance of U/sup 238/ are compared, and three methods for including Doppler effects in the variational method are considered.

The variational method is applied to the monoenergetic time dependent transport equation to obtain a simple relation for the asymptotic decay constant in small pulsed assemblies. The results indicate that flat trial functions may be a reasonable representation of the flux distributions in the thin slab limit. This approach is superior to many of the usual transport approximations.

Technical report. From Abstract : "Bis(di-2-ethylbutylphosphinyl)methane, EBDPM, forms complexes with uranium (VI) nitrate and thorium (IV) nitrate in which EBDPM acts as a bidentate ligand and the nitrato groups appear to be coordinated. The complex with uranium (VI) is a monomer, UO2(NO3)29EBDPM), while the complex with thorium in a dimer, [Th(NO3)4]2(EBDPM)3. Both complexes are of high thermal stability."

Technical report. From Abstract : "A number of imaging furnace systems and sources are discussed with emphasis on the carbon arc image furnace. Several potential applications of the carbon arc image furnace in high temperature research are described and a new method of heat capacity determination is discussed."

Summary: The High Power Density Project includes a comprehensive fuel development program which has the objective of developing and demonstrating the performance of a nuclear reactor core having a high power density, long fuel life, and low fabrication cost. The fuel program is made up of two principal tasks. Task 1A consists of irradiation tests in the VBWR of Type 304 stainless steel clad, UO2 pellet type fuel rods fabricated by current commercial processes. Task 1B consists of the investigation of lower cost fabrication processes and the irradiation testing of fuel elements fabricated by these processes. Both tasks include the investigation of the feasibility and use of thin-wall stainless steel cladding as a means of improving the neutron economy and fuel cycle costs of stainless steel clad fuel. Irradiation of the Task 1A fuel assemblies in the VBWR was initiated in September, 1960. Subsequently, Task 1B fuel assemblies were inserted in the VBWR as various fabrication processes and design concepts were investigated. Fuel cladding failures have occurred in fuel rods in both Task 1A and 1B. As of this date, cladding failures have occurred in twenty-two rods of approximately 700 fuel rods which have been irradiated. Twenty of the failures …

From abstract: "Sintering is broadly defined as all aspects of the adhesion, densification, shrinkage, and consolidation which accompanies the reduction in surface energy of a powder compact which occurs upon application of heat and/or pressure. The process of sintering is then further divided into the initiation, material transport, and grain growth-recrystallization stages. A general review is made of each of these stages, noting typical work which has contributed to progress in each area involved."

From introduction: "The basic interactions which give rise to the interesting magnetic properties of dilute alloys, such as cobalt in palladium, have received a great deal of attention both theoretically and experimentally. This problem has many facets which are peculiarly interrelated. For example, there is the problem of Curie points of the order of magnitude of 10°K for concentrations of 'magnetic' ions of 0.1%. It has been proposed that this problem involves virtual d-states (Friedel) which permit one to understand much of what is observed."

Abstract: Neutron flux and gamma radiation measurements through the SM-1 primary shield were made at the startup of Core II in June 1961. They extend previous measurements (APAE-35) both vertically and horizontally in the primary shield and in the rod drive pit. Dose rate measurements on spent fuel elements under water are also reported.

Abstract. Some diffusion parameters of water are computed with various thermal-neutron scattering laws. It is found that the diffusion cooling coefficient, in particular, is reasonably sensitive to the scattering law, but that the diffusion cooling coefficients predicted by the Radkowsky and Nelkin kernels are in fortuitious agreement. The coefficients computed for the Nelkin kernel, when treated in a manner consistent with the way in which experimental data are treated, are in reasonable agreement with the results of a recent experiment.

It is possible to generate a relatively uniform, highly ionized plasma by passing a powerful discharge between electrodes so arranged that the current is forced to flow across an initial strong magnetic field. The magnetic induction due to the discharge causes a bending of the original field. If the discharge is operated with a low-impedance current source, the electric breakdown starts in a limited region near the current-input connections (minimum-inductance path) and propagates as a well-defined front in the manner of a hydromagnetic shock wave. In this paper we analyze the phenomenon as a one-dimensional single-fluid hydromagnetic problem, neglecting dissipation behind the wave.

Four methods of rebunching protons within Brookhaven's AGS are discussed. The first method involving switching off the old r-f and switching on the new r-f simultaneously with the new r-f increasing adiabatically seems impractical. Two other methods utilize gradual removal of the old r-f voltage and introduction of the new r-f voltage, or the reverse. Removal of the old r-f voltage followed by introduction of the new seems to give the best results. Several phase diagrams are included. (D.C.W.)

A digital computer program called KICK (K-meson Interaction Coplanarization and Kinematics), which carries out the analysis of complete bubble chamber events, is described.

Two types of enclosed hot junction arrangements are possible with sheathed mineral insulated thermocouples. They are the integral junction and he isolated junction. The integral junction is formed by welding, soldering, brazing or forging the two wires into the end of the sheath. The process forms a good thermal and electrical contact between the three materials.

A digital computer program, FORE, which calculates transients for a fast reactor, has been coded for the TRANSAC 2000 computer. Its purpose is to provide understanding of the dynamics of fast reactors with particular emphasis on large ceramic-fueled fast reactors. The program calculates reactor power and temperatures of fuel, coolant, clad, and structure.

The ORNL analog computer was used to examine one aspect of a safety system for the EGCR. The thermal behavior of the fuel as a result of increases in reactivity at various power levels and gas flows was examined. Safety actions initiated by wither a flux-minus-flow signal or a reactor outlet gas temperature signal were included in simulation.

During the past year, three papers covering results of a major series of experiments on intergenotype of blood-forming tissue have appeared, demonstrating successful implantation of isologues normal cells in anemic hosts, permanently correcting their genetic defect in hematopoiesis, both with and without irradiation of the host. Heavy host irradiation was shown ineffective as preparations for implantation of homologous cells of widely different antigenic types.

A listing and description is given of the experiments associated with the HFIR Critical Experiment-2. The primary experiments concern the reactivity of the bare core, reactivity worth of "gray" control plates, core-power distribution, reactivity. The secondary experiments concern the reactivity of the fuel, and the reactivity worth of a "partial" gray plate.