A recommended SM-1A Core I loading chart was derived from available, metallurgically acceptable elements at the SM-1A and SM-1 sites. The derivation was based on local thermal and hydraulic considerations of minimum elementto- element coolant channel clearances. These clearances were determined from field inspection measurements of outer fuel plate spacing, as modified by analytical calculations of plate ripple growth during exposure to reactor operating thermal stresses. (auth)

The Oak Ridge Inverse code, ORINC, calculates the temperature distribution in an electric core pin from internal temperatures and the conditions in the surrounding environment. While the internal temperatures can be obtained from thermocouples in the Thermal Hydraulic Test Facility, the needed environmental conditions cannot be determined as directly from experimental data. However, this information can be determined from a modified version of the Reactor Linearized Analysis Program, RELAP. In particular, the IBM form of RELAP/MOD5 UPDATE2, as released by the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, was modified to save the proper information in a convenient format. This document describes this RELAP-to-ORINC interface version of RELAP4 which has been named RLPORINC.

The objective of this program has been to study the chemistry of the components with high boiling points in a direct coal liquefaction recycle solvent and to identify those components which lead to higher overall yields and improved product stability in the initial coal dissolution step of direct coal liquefaction processes. The major conclusions are: -454 C recycle solvent is primarily aromatic hydrocarbons (73%) and contains almost no asphaltenes; +454 C recycle solvent is primarily asphaltenes and aromatic hydrocarbons; recycle solvent also contains aliphatic hydrocarbons, N-containing aromatics and O-containing aromatics; heteroatoms in coal derived materials seem to be grouped by type, i.e. acidic O and basic N and sulfur occur together; under helium a small net amount of hydrogen and more CO and CO/sub 2/ are produced than under hydrogen; under hydrogen the amounts of H/sub 2/S and hydrocarbon gases are increased and a small amount of hydrogen gas is usually consumed; overall coal conversions to THF solubles are improved by adding more -454 C solvent but decreased by adding +454 C solvent; for added fractions of -454 C solvent the pecent conversion to THF solubles increases in the order aromatic hydrocarbons (+7.2) > aliphatic hydrocarbons (+0.8) > no added …

ABS>A series of neutron multiplication measurements made on sub-critical systems containing enriched uranium and plutonium is presented. These measurements involve both aqueous and metal systems. (auth)

An investigation was conducted to flush the 1BD coolant purification system demineralizer of resin and to measurc the radiation level at pornts on the resin discharge line. It was found that the system demineralizer was satisfactorily flushed of resin. It was also found that the amount removed is measured by the amount required to recharge the demineralizer. (J.R.D.)

Neutron resonances are analyzed numerically by determining the resonant energies, the total widths, and the neutron widths of the resonances. It was assumed that the total cross section can be represented by the sum of single- level Breit-Wigner formulas, with interference between resonance and potential scattering but no interference between resonances; that the Doppler broadening is represented by a Gaussian function; and that the instrument resolution is represented by a Gaussian function. Gauss' method was used to reduce the nonlinear problem to one in which linear methods can be applied. Some unusual techniques were used for evaluating the integrals in the function for calculating the transmission. Two programs for analyzing transmission data to obtain the parameters of the resonances were written for the IBM 7090 computer. The first program is a shape analysis for determining the resonant energies, the total widths, and the neutron widths of the resonances. This program analyzes the transmission data for as many as six resonances at once. The second program is an area analysis for determining the neutron widths of the resonances for assumed total widths. This program analyzes transmission data containing as many as 20 resonances at once. (auth)

This report documents the development of a computerized data base on the long-term performance of the Indian Creek Total Energy System, and it is intended to be a user's manual for the data base and the accompanying energy-balance computer program. The data base may be used as a standard of comparison for the performance predicted by energy-system-simulation software. The TES became operational in 1972 to meet the projected electrical, space conditioning, and domestic hot water needs for the garden-type apartment complex. The dual-fuel engine are provided with both gas and No. 2 oil connections. Heat from the exhaust flues is extracted in the heat recovery units. Following the introductory chapter, Chapter II provides a description and background history on the highly instrumented and efficiently operated Indian Creek Total Energy System. Also included in Chapter II is a discussion of the instrumentation used to monitor the performance of the total energy system. Chapter III provides a detailed description of the data base, including the methodology used to supply missing data. Chapter IV develops the energy balance equations and relates them to the computer program and the data base. Chapter V presents the results of exercising the energy balance computer model driven …

The computer programs currently used in the analysis of the ORNL-PWR Blowdown Heat Transfer Separate-Effects Program are overviewed. The current linkages and relationships among the programs are given along with general comments about the future directions of some of these programs. The overview is strictly from the computer science point of view with only minimal information concerning the engineering aspects of the analysis procedure.

A natural-recirculation dissolver closely approaching a stirred-tank reactor in behavior was developed, and its feasibility was demonstrated in the mercury-catalyzed dissolution of aluminum in nitric acid, It was designed to utilize the heat of reaction and evolution of gaseous reaction products for recirculation and mixing. The dissolvent was 5-molar nitric acid, containing mercury in concentrations from 10/sup -4/ to 10/sup -3/ molar as a catalyst. Dissolution rates for 1/7 scale, simulated MTR fuel elements of 2-S aluminum ranged from 0.25 to 4.0 mg/(cm/sup 2/)(rain), depending on the catalyst concentration in the dissolvent and the dissolvent flow rate. For comparable catalyst and acid feed concentrations, dissolution rates, based on unit net superficial velocities, were nearly 25 times those for dissolution of randomly- packed flat plates in a pilot plant, continuous, flooded dissolver. (auth)

The objective of proposed research is development of catalysts with enhanced slurry phase activity and better selectivity to fuel range products, through a more detailed understanding and systematic studies of the effects of pretreatment procedures and promoters/binders (silica) on catalyst performance.

An aerosol reactor system has been designed and constructed for the systematic study of the mechanisms governing the possible synergistic capture of sulfur oxide and alkalis with aluminosilicates and lime (CaO). Actual particle dynamics found in coal combustor systems can be simulated, mass balances can be closed, and the system conditions are well controlled. The collection of hot reactive aerosol flows is performed utilizing an isokinetic probe.

Experimental programs at Argonne ZGS are reviewed with emphasis on experiments using polarized beams.

The objectives for this workshop were to bring together those with different viewpoints on the implementation of energy efficient ventilation in homes to share their perspectives. The primary benefit of the workshop is to allow the participants to get a broader understanding of the issues involved and thereby make themselves more able to achieve their own goals in this area. In order to achieve this objective each participant was asked to address four objectives from their point of view: (1) Drivers for energy efficient residential ventilation: Why is this an important issue? Who cares about it? Where is the demand: occupants, utilities, regulation, programs, etc? What does sustainability mean in this context? (2) Markets & Technologies: What products, services and systems are out there? What kinds of things are in the pipeline? What is being installed now? Are there regional or other trends? What are the technology interactions with other equipment and the envelope? (3) Barriers to Implementation: What is stopping decision makers from implementing energy-efficient residential ventilation systems? What kind of barriers are there: technological, cost, informational, structural, etc. What is the critical path? (4) Solutions: What can be done to overcome the barriers and how can/should we do …

In acidic aqueous solutions, gluconate protonation is coupled with lactonization of gluconic acid. With the decrease of pC{sub H}, two lactones ({delta}/{gamma}) are sequentially formed. The {delta}-lactone forms more readily than the {gamma}-lactone. In 0.1 M gluconate solutions, if pC{sub H} is above 2.5, only the {delta}-lactone is generated. When pC{sub H} is decreased below 2.0, the formation of the {gamma}-lactone is observable although the {delta}-lactone predominates. At I = 0.1 M NaClO{sub 4} and room temperature, the deprotonation constant of the carboxylic group, using the NMR technique, was determined to be log K{sub a} = 3.30 {+-} 0.02; the {delta}-lactonization constant, by the batch potentiometric titrations, was obtained to be log K{sub L} = - (0.54 {+-} 0.04). Using ESI-MS, the rate constants of the {delta}-lactonization and the hydrolysis at pC{sub H} {approx} 5.0 were estimated to be k{sub 1} = 3.2 x 10{sup -5} s{sup -1} and k{sup -1} = 1.1 x 10{sup -4} s{sup -1}, respectively.

The conclusions of this paper are: (1) The 5f electrons in Cm are near an LS coupling scheme. (2) This coupling scheme allows for a large spin polarization of the 5f electrons, which in turn stabilizes the Cm III crystal structure. (3) Results for Cm show us the recipe for magnetic stabilization of the crystal structure of metals: (A) The metal must be near the itinerant-localized transition where multiple crystal structures have close energies; (B) The metal is just on the magnetic side of the transition; and (C) There must be a magnetic moment large enough to overcome the energy difference between crystal structures, thus dictating the atomic geometry. (4) These results solidify our understanding of magnetically-stabilized metals, showing us where to look for engineered materials with magnetic applications.

A key challenge in tracking moving objects is the correspondence problem, that is, the correct propagation of object labels from one time step to another. This is especially true when the objects are non-rigid structures, changing shape, and merging and splitting over time. In this work, we describe a general approach to tracking thousands of non-rigid structures in an image sequence. We show how we can minimize memory requirements and generate accurate results while working with only two frames of the sequence at a time. We demonstrate our results using data from computer simulations of a fluimix problem.

Properties of finite nuclei are evaluated with two-nucleon (NN) and three-nucleon (NNN) interactions derived within chiral effective field theory (EFT). The nuclear Hamiltonian is fixed by properties of the A = 2 system, except for two low-energy constants (LECs) that parameterize the short range NNN interaction. We constrain those two LECs by a fit to the A = 3 system binding energy and investigate sensitivity of {sup 4}He, {sup 6}Li, {sup 10,11}B and {sup 12,13}C properties to the variation of the constrained LECs. We identify a preferred choice that gives globally the best description. We demonstrate that the NNN interaction terms significantly improve the binding energies and spectra of mid-p-shell nuclei not just with the preferred choice of the LECs but even within a wide range of the constrained LECs. At the same time, we find that a very high quality description of these nuclei requires further improvements to the chiral Hamiltonian.

Fragmentation is a fundamental process that naturally spans micro to macroscopic scales. Recent advances in algorithms, computer simulations, and hardware enable us to connect the continuum to microstructural regimes in a real simulation through a heterogeneous multiscale mathematical model. We apply this model to the problem of predicting how targets in the NIF chamber dismantle, so that optics and diagnostics can be protected from damage. The mechanics of the initial material fracture depend on the microscopic grain structure. In order to effectively simulate the fragmentation, this process must be modeled at the subgrain level with computationally expensive crystal plasticity models. However, there are not enough computational resources to model the entire NIF target at this microscopic scale. In order to accomplish these calculations, a hierarchical material model (HMM) is being developed. The HMM will allow fine-scale modeling of the initial fragmentation using computationally expensive crystal plasticity, while the elements at the mesoscale can use polycrystal models, and the macroscopic elements use analytical flow stress models. The HMM framework is built upon an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) capability. We present progress in implementing the HMM in the NIF-ALE-AMR code. Additionally, we present test simulations relevant to NIF targets.

We have performed a quick analysis of the Mt. Meron seismic array to monitor regional seismic events in the Middle East. The Meron array is the only current array in the Levant and Arabian Peninsula and, as such, might be useful in contributing to event location, identification, and other analysis. Here, we provide a brief description of the array and a review of the travel time and array analysis done to assess its performance.

Single stranded DNA of different lengths and different amounts was attached to colloidal phosphine stabilized Au nanoparticles. The resulting conjugates were investigated in detail by a gel electrophoresis study based on 1200 gels. We demonstrate how these experiments help to understand the binding of DNA to Au particles. In particular we compare specific attachment of DNA via gold-thiol bonds with nonspecific adsorption of DNA. The maximum number of DNA molecules that can be bound per particle was determined. We also compare several methods to used gel electrophoresis for investigating the effective diameter of DNA-Au conjugates, such as using a calibration curve of particles with known diameters and Ferguson plots.

This cleanup verification package documents completion of remedial action for the 118-F-1 Burial Ground on the Hanford Site. This burial ground is a combination of two locations formerly called Minor Construction Burial Ground No. 2 and Solid Waste Burial Ground No. 2. This waste site received radioactive equipment and other miscellaneous waste from 105-F Reactor operations, including dummy elements and irradiated process tubing; gun barrel tips, steel sleeves, and metal chips removed from the reactor; filter boxes containing reactor graphite chips; and miscellaneous construction solid waste.

A robust redox extraction protocol for quantitative and reproducible metabolite isolation and recovery has been developed for simultaneous measurement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its reduced form, NADH, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Following culture in liquid media, approximately 10{sup 8} yeast cells were harvested by centrifugation and then lysed under non-oxidizing conditions by bead blasting in ice-cold, nitrogen-saturated 50-mM ammonium acetate. To enable protein denaturation, ice cold nitrogen-saturated CH{sub 3}CN + 50-mM ammonium acetate (3:1; v:v) was added to the cell lysates. After sample centrifugation to pellet precipitated proteins, organic solvent removal was performed on supernatants by chloroform extraction. The remaining aqueous phase was dried and resuspended in 50-mM ammonium acetate. NAD and NADH were separated by HPLC and quantified using UV-VIS absorbance detection. Applicability of this procedure for quantifying NAD and NADH levels was evaluated by culturing yeast under normal (2% glucose) and calorie restricted (0.5% glucose) conditions. NAD and NADH contents are similar to previously reported levels in yeast obtained using enzymatic assays performed separately on acid (for NAD) and alkali (for NADH) extracts. Results demonstrate that it is possible to perform a single preparation to reliably and robustly quantitate both NAD and NADH contents in the same …

The Savannah River Site (SRS) is storing surplus plutonium (Pu) materials in the K-Area Materials Storage (KAMS) facility. The Pu materials are packaged per the DOE 3013 Standard. The nested, welded 300 series stainless steel 3013 containers are transported to KAMS in Type B shipping packages and subsequently stored in the same packages. These type B shipping packages consist of double containment vessels sealed with dual O-rings. The O-ring compound is Parker Seals V0835-75, based on Viton{reg_sign} GLT fluoroelastomer. This work evaluates the performance of the V0835-75 O-rings at accelerated-aging conditions. The results will be used to develop a lifetime prediction model for O-rings in KAMS.

As computer simulations gain acceptance for the modeling of complex physical phenomena, there is an increasing need to validate these simulation codes by comparing them to experiments. Currently, this is done qualitatively, using a visual approach. This is obviously very subjective and more quantitative metrics are needed, especially to identify simulations which are closer to experiments than other simulations. In this paper, we show how image processing techniques can be effectively used in such comparisons. Using an example from the problem of mixing of two fluids, we show that we can quantitatively compare experimental and simulation images by extracting higher level features to characterize the objects in the images.