In the large scale analysis of explosive response, discrepancies have been found between the results predicted by a computer models using various sets of equation of state parameters derived from different experiments. In this report, we will present recent progress toward determining possible reasons for the differences. The system that we have modeled in this study is the cylinder test. Numerous researchers have used this test to study the work potential of detonating explosives for the transverse expansion of metals. One of the original purposes for the development of the test was for the determination of equations of state for detonation products of explosives. The method that is used to determine the parameters for these empirical equations of state, is to iteratively simulate the detonating explosive expansion using a two dimensional hydrodynamic code, adjust the parameters, and repeat until a best fit'' to the experimental results is obtained. We will, in this present report, explore a small part of this problem. We will concentrate on the effect of the material that is used in the all of the cylinder, the effect of detonation front curvature, and how the curvature might influence the cylindrical wall expansion. 8 refs., 6 figs.

The Department of Energy (DOE) Environment, Safety and Health Compliance Assessment (Tiger Team) of the Savannah River Site (SRS) questioned the method by which wind speed sensors (cup anemometers) are calibrated by the Environmental Technology Section (ETS). The Tiger Team member was concerned that calibration data was generated by running the wind tunnel to only 26 miles per hour (mph) when speeds exceeding 50 mph are readily obtainable. A wind tunnel experiment was conducted and confirmed the validity of the practice. Wind speeds common to SRS (6 mph) were predicted more accurately by 0--25 mph regression equations than 0--50 mph regression equations. Higher wind speeds were slightly overpredicted by the 0--25 mph regression equations when compared to 0--50 mph regression equations. However, the greater benefit of more accurate lower wind speed predictions accuracy outweight the benefit of slightly better high (extreme) wind speed predictions. Therefore, it is concluded that 0--25 mph regression equations should continue to be utilized by ETS at SRS. During the Department of Energy Tiger Team audit, concerns were raised about the calibration of SRS cup anemometers. Wind speed is measured by ETS with Teledyne Geotech model 1564B cup anemometers, which are calibrated in the ETS wind …

In the project under review, progress has been made on the problem of dynamic symmetries exhibited by mesons as color strings. A novel property of the vibrational states of heavy mesons, that of an approximate saturation of a particular spectroscopic interval, has been found as a fingerprint'' for linear quark confinement potentials. Progress has been continued in the study of electroweak excitation of the baryon resonances, including the use of Compton scattering.

This report summarizes significant technical accomplishments of the Mound Waste and Hazard Minimization Program for FY 1991. The accomplishments are in one of eight major areas: environmentally responsive cleaning program; nonhalogenated solvent trials; substitutes for volatile organic compounds; hazardous material exposure minimization; nonhazardous plating development; explosive processing waste reduction; tritium capture without conversion to water; and robotic assembly. Program costs have been higher than planned.

Configurational energies have been calculated for equiatomic Fe-Cr and Fe-V alloys possessing the high temperature bcc crystalline structure, within a first principles electronic band structure approach. In agreement with experimental facts, a tendency towards order, with a B2 ordered structure of CsCl type, is found for FeV whereas phase separation characterized FeCr. These results suggest that the nature of short range order in the high temperature bcc solid solution is not the primary driving force for describing the structural transformation from bcc to sigma which takes place in both alloys upon decreasing temperature. 15 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.

The traveler participated in the 13th meeting of the Executive Committee on Alternative Motor Fuels (International Energy Agency). Participating countries in addition to the US are Canada, Italy, Finland, Japan, Sweden, and New Zealand (absent). The status of five existing annexes was reviewed and a pre-proposal for an additional annex to be a review of environmental impacts of fuels was presented by the traveler. This was well received by committee members, and a detailed proposal for such work will be developed for presentation at the next Executive Committee meeting.

The main emphasis has been to continue development of the high frequency (to 300 MHz) instrumentation, to test the system on a prototype bending magnet, construct the high frequency 32-channel electronics and probes, to seek industrial partners for technology transfer and commercial exploitation, and to do computer simulations for optimizing design parameters. Experience gained from tests made on a dipole magnet at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory was extremely valuable and has resulted in substantial modifications to the original design.

Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and University of North Texas (UNT) research teams collected over 800 emissions and ash samples during the combustion of over 650 tons of binder enhanced densified refuse-drived fuel (b-dRDF) pellets with high sulfur coal in a spreader-stoker boiler at ANL. This full-scale test burn was conducted to validate predictions from laboratory and pilot scale test results that indicated substantial reductions of SO{sub 2}, NO{sub x} and CO{sub 2} in the flue gas, and the reduction of heavy metals and organics in the ash residue, when combusting the b-dRDF pellets with coal. Effects of varying fuel composition on performance of the boiler's spray-dryer/fabric filter emissions control system was also evaluated. This paper describes the b-dRDF pellet/coal cofiring tests, the emission and ash samples that were taken, the analyses that were conducted on these samples, and the final test results. 5 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.

This paper describes various upgrades and tests done at the Research Division 500 kW Transrex power supply dc current transductors and chassis. The results of all modifications were measured on the same test setup with the same transductor head and chassis. Field testing of over one-hundred power supplies indicated that the results given in this paper are similar to the signals observed in the field within a factor of + or {minus} two. The dc transductors yield 10Vdc burden resistor voltage at 5000 A load current.

The Savannah River Site is developing a facility called the E-Area Vaults which will serve as the new radioactive waste disposal facility beginning early in 1992. The facility will employ engineered below-grade concrete vaults for disposal and above-grade storage for certain long-lived mobile radionuclides. This report documents the determination of interim upper limits for radionuclide inventories and concentrations which should be allowed in the disposal structures. The work presented here will aid in the development of both waste acceptance criteria and operating limits for the E-Area Vaults. Disposal limits for forty isotopes which comprise the SRS waste streams were determined. The limits are based on total facility and vault inventories for those radionuclides which impact groundwater, and or waste package concentrations for those radionuclides which could affect intruders.

The management of data in programs for the D0 detector at the FNAL Tevatron collider is described with particular emphasis on aspects relevant to event reconstruction and data analysis. 3 figs.

We have investigated several phenomena of importance to laser-plasma interactions. In our studies, these are modeled by microwave and rf-plasma interactions. Our focus has been on resonant absorption of intense electromagnetic radiation at the plasma critical layer. Electron plasma wave (EPW) growth and caviton formation have been shown to be most efficient for shallow density gradients at the critical layer, where EPW convection losses are minimized. EPW electric field energies of 5000 times the plasma thermal energy, and energetic electron tails out to 5000T{sub e}, have been observed at the top of an inverse parabolic density profile. Ions receive delta-function-like impulses from localized electron plasma waves and wave-breaking electron ejection; the disruption of the ion fluid can only partially be described by the ponderomotive force. Our attempt is to test and illuminate some of the fundamental concepts of strong turbulence and EM wave-plasma interaction. 7 refs.

A simple test problem proposed by Noh, a strong shock reflecting from a rigid wall, demonstrates a generic problem with numerical shock capturing algorithms at boundaries that Noh called excess wall heating.'' We show that the same type of numerical error occurs in general when shock waves interact. The underlying cause is the non-uniform convergence to the hyperbolic solution of the inviscid limit of the solution to the PDEs with viscosity. The error can be understood from an analysis of the asymptotic solution. For a propagating shock, there is a difference in the total energy of the parabolic wave relative to the hyperbolic shock. Moreover, the relative energy depends on the strength of the shock. The error when shock waves interact is due to the difference in the relative energies between the incoming and outgoing shock waves. It is analogous to a phase shift in a scattering matrix. A conservative differencing scheme correctly describes the Hugoniot jump conditions for a steady propagating shock. Therefore, the error from the asymptotics occurs in the transient when the waves interact. The entropy error that occurs in the interaction region remains localized but does not dissipate. A scaling argument shows that as the viscosity …

The complete CombiNO[sub x], process has now been demonstrated at a level that is believed to be representative of a full-scale boiler in terms of mixing capabilities. A summary of the results is displayedin Figure 5-1. While firing Illinois Coal on the Reburn Tower, Advanced Reburning was capable of reducing NO[sub x], by 83 percent. The injection of methanol oxidized 50--58 percent of the existing NO to N0[sub 2]. Assuming that 85 percent of the newly formed N0[sub 2] can be scrubbed in a liquor modified wet-limestone scrubber, the CombiNO[sub x], process has been shown capable of reducing NO[sub 2], by 90--91 percent in a large pilot-scale coal-fired furnace. There is still uncertainty regarding the fate of the N0[sub 2] formed with methanol injection. Tests should be conducted to determine whether the reconversion is thermodynamic or catalytic, and what steps can be taken (such as quench rate) to prevent it from happening.

Grazing incidence metal mirrors (GIMMS) have been examined to replace dielectric mirrors for the final elements in a laser beam line for an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) reactor. For a laser driver using light with a wavelength from 250 to 500 nm in a 10 ns pulse, irradiated mirrors made of Al, Al alloys, or Mg were found to have calculated laser damage limits of 0.3--2.3 J/cm{sup 2} of beam energy and neutron lifetime fluence limits of over 5 {times} 10{sup 20} neutrons per square centimeter when use at grazing incidence (an angle of incidence of 85 degrees) and operated at room temperature or at 77 K. A final focusing system including mirrors made of Al alloy 7475 at room temperature or at liquid nitrogen (LN) temperatures used with a driver which delivers 5 MJ of beam energy in 32 beams would require 32 mirrors of roughly 10 m{sup 2} each. This paper briefly reviews the methods used in calculating the damage limits for GIMMs and discusses critical issues relevant to the integrity and lifetime of such mirrors in a reactor environment. 9 refs.

Research activity during the 1991--1992 funding period has been concerned with the following topics relevant to carbon monoxide activation. (1) Exploratory studies of water gas shift catalysts heterogenized on polystyrene based polymers. (2) Mechanistic investigation of the nucleophilic activation of CO in metal carbonyl clusters. (3) Application of fast reaction techniques to prepare and to investigate reactive organometallic intermediates relevant to the activation of hydrocarbons toward carbonylation and to the formation of carbon-carbon bonds via the migratory insertion of CO into metal alkyl bonds.

The traveler attended the Fourth International Workshop on QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships) in Environmental Toxicology. He was an author or co-author on one platform and two poster presentations. The subject of the workshop offers a framework for analyzing and predicting the fate of chemical pollutants in organisms and the environment. QSAR is highly relevant to the ORNL program on the physicochemical characterization of chemical pollutants for health protection.

APTBLIBE is a new BUILD library of about 151 Cray-compiled binary subroutines for numerical geometry and Monte Carlo sampling, of which 93 are described here (the rest will be described in a revision). It is designed especially to support 2-D and 3-D codes that generate and track beams or particles of energy or matter (APT = All-Particle-Tracking). The LIB library APTSLIBE contains the FORTRAN source files, and the user document APTDOC, much of which can be updated directly from the source files. This document describes APTBLIBE and its subroutines, how to use them, and the features designed to simplify the development of new codes, and improve the speed, efficiency, reliability and ease of maintenance of any codes which make use of it.

Amax R D will perform laboratory scale development of a promising, practical catalyst for the selective oxidation of methane to methanol. The primary component of this catalyst is vanadium-phosphate (VPO) which has shown good activity and selectivity in the partial oxidation of n-butane and propane but has not been studied in detail for methane oxidation. The goal of the project is to develop a catalyst which allows methane oxidation to methanol to be conducted at high conversion and selectivity. A low CH[sub 4]/O[sub 2] ratio will be employed with air as the source of oxygen. Temperatures below 600[degrees]C and pressures up to 20 atm are to be investigated. The use of steam in the feed gas will also be investigated. The catalyst development strategy will be to utilize promoters and supports to improve the activity and selectivity of the unmodified VPO catalyst. The catalyst testing reactor system was used to perform blank (empty) reactor runs over a wide range of temperatures, pressure, and flow rates. No methane conversion was observed at temperatures of 500[degrees]C or lower in any of the tests. At higher temperatures, significant methane conversion to carbon dioxide was observed. At 550[degrees]C, 300 psig, and the highest flow …

The SAFIRE (Systems Analysis for ICF Reactor Economics) code was adapted to model a power plant using a HYLIFE-II reactor chamber. The code was then used to examine the dependence of the plant capital costs and busbar cost of electricity (COE) on a variety of design parameters (type of driver, chamber repetition rate, and net electric power). The results show the most attractive operating space for each set of driver/target assumptions and quantify the benefits of improvements in key design parameters. The base case plant was a 1,000 MWe plant containing a reactor vessel driven by an induction linac heavy ion accelerator run at 7.3 Hz with a driver energy of 5 MJ and a target yield of 370 MJ. The total direct cost for this plant was 2,800 M$ (where all $ in this paper are 1988$s), and the COE was 9 {cents}/KW*hour. The COE and total capital costs for the base plant assumptions for a 1,000 MWe plant are approximately independent of chosen repetition rate for all repetition rates between 4 and 10 Hz. For comparison, the COE for a coal or future fission plant would be 4.5--5.5 {cents}/KW*hour. The COE for a 1,000 MWe plant could be …

The AMOS Wakefield Code is used to calculate the impedances of the induction cell used in the Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA) at Livermore. We present the wakefields and impedances for multipoles m = 0, 1 and 2. The ATA cell is calculated to have a maximum transverse impedance of approximately 1000 {Omega}/m at 875 MHz with a quality factor Q = 5. The sensitivity of the impedance spectra to modeling variations is discussed.

Parametric instabilities excited by an intense electromagnetic wave in a plasma is a fundamental topic relevant to many applications. These applications include laser fusion, heating of magnetically-confined plasmas, ionospheric modification, and even particle acceleration for high energy physics. In laser fusion, these instabilities have proven to play an essential role in the choice of laser wavelength. Characterization and control of the instabilities is an ongoing priority in laser plasma experiments. Recent progress and some important trends will be discussed. 8 figs.

The ETAII linear induction accelerator (6MeV, 3kA, 70ns) is designed to drive a microwave free electron laser (FEL) and demonstrate the front end accelerator technology for a shorter wavelength FEL. Performance to date has been limited by beam corkscrew motion that is driven by energy sweep and misalignment of the solenoidal focusing magnets. Modifications to the pulse power distribution system and magnetic alignment are expected to reduce the radius of corkscrew motion from its present value of 1 cm to less than 1 mm. The modifications have so far been carried out on the first 2.7 MeV (injector plus 20 accelerator cells) and experiments are beginning. In this paper we will present calculations of central flux line alignment, beam corkscrew motion and beam brightness that are anticipated with the modified ETAII. 10 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

The Electron Beam Ion Trap at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has proved an ideal device for the study of interactions between electrons and highly-charged ions. I describe measurements of one such interaction, dielectronic recombination, in several ion species. The results are in marginal agreement with theoretical predictions. 8 refs., 6 figs.