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Emergency Funding for Agriculture: A Brief History of Supplemental Appropriations, FY1989-FY2006
From FY1989 through FY2006, 33 appropriations, authorization, or farm disaster acts added approximately $55.4 billion in supplemental funding for U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs. The two most recent supplemental appropriations were provided in response to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in the Gulf of Mexico and in preparation for a possible U.S. outbreak of avian influenza. Some FY1989, the vast majority of the total supplemental funding has been paid directly to farmers, primarily through two mechanisms: "market loss payments" and crop disaster payments. This report includes the total annual funding additions in the 33 acts providing economic and farm disaster assistance through USDA programs since FY1989.
Date:
July 3, 2006
Creator:
Chite, Ralph M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
France: Factors Shaping Foreign Policy, and Issues in U.S.-French Relations
This report examines the key factors that shape French foreign policy. From that context, it analyzes some of the reasons for the tensions in and the accomplishments of U.S.-French relations.
Date:
January 3, 2006
Creator:
Gallis, Paul E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
CFTC Reauthorization in the 109th Congress
This report provides brief summaries of the issues in the 2005 reauthorization legislation, including (1) the market in security futures, or futures contracts based on single stocks, which were authorized by the CFMA, but trade in much lower volumes than their proponents had hoped, (2) regulation of energy derivatives markets, where some see excessive price volatility and a lack of effective regulation, and (3) the legality of futures-like contracts based on foreign currency prices offered to retail investors.
Date:
January 3, 2006
Creator:
Jickling, Mark
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Serbia and Montenegro Union: Prospects and Policy Implications
None
Date:
March 3, 2006
Creator:
Kim, Julie
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Nuclear Cooperation with India: Issues for Congress
None
Date:
March 3, 2006
Creator:
Squassoni, Sharon
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: FY2006 Appropriations
The annual consideration of appropriations bills (regular, continuing, and supplemental) by Congress is part of a complex set of budget processes that also encompasses the consideration of budget resolutions, revenue and debt limit legislation, other spending measures, and reconciliation bills. This report is a guide to one of the regular appropriations bills that Congress considers each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies and the Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior and Related Agencies. It summarizes the status of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill, its scope, major issues, funding levels, and related congressional activity, and is updated as events warrant.
Date:
February 3, 2006
Creator:
Vincent, Carol H. & Boren, Susan
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Data Security: Federal and State Laws
Security breaches involving electronic personal data have come to light largely as a result of the California Security Breach Notification Act, a California notification law that went into effect in 2003. In response, the states and some Members have introduced bills that would require companies to notify persons affected by such security breaches. By December 2005, 35 states had introduced data security legislation and 22 states had enacted data security laws.
Date:
February 3, 2006
Creator:
Stevens, Gina Marie
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cleanup After Hurricane Katrina: Environmental Considerations
This report aims to provide an overview of the immediate and intermediate cleanup tasks across the diverse communities in the affected region, and federal legal authorities and plans for tackling them. The report also discusses coordinated roles and activities among local, state, and federal agencies and officials. Finally, the report serves to reference other, more detailed CRS reports and other sources on particular Katrina cleanup activities.
Date:
May 3, 2006
Creator:
Esworthy, Robert; Schierow, Linda-Jo; Copeland, Claudia; Luther, Linda G. & Ramseur, Jonathan L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Brazilian Trade Policy and the United States
As the largest and one of the most influential countries in Latin America, Brazil has emerged as a leading voice for developing countries in setting regional and multilateral trade agendas. Brazil is critical of U.S. trade policies such as the Byrd Amendment (repealed, but program in effect until October 1, 2007), which directs duties from trade remedy cases to affected industries, the administration of trade remedy rules, and what it considers to be discriminatory treatment in the U.S. expansion of free trade agreements in Latin America. Despite the differences, both countries recognize the potential for important gains to be had from mutually acceptable trade liberalization at all levels.
Date:
February 3, 2006
Creator:
Hornbeck, J. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Exon-Florio National Security Test for Foreign Investment
The proposed acquisition of major operations in six major U.S. ports by Dubai Ports World and of Unocal by the China National Offshore Oil Corporation sparked intense concerns among some Members of Congress and the public and has reignited the debate over what role foreign acquisitions play in U.S. national security. The United States actively promotes internationally the national treatment of foreign firms. Several Members of Congress have introduced various measures during the 2nd Session of the 109th Congress that can be grouped into four major areas: those that deal specifically with the proposed Dubai Ports World acquisition; those that focus more generally on foreign ownership of U.S. ports; those that would amend the CFIUS process; and those that would amend the Exon-Florio process.
Date:
April 3, 2006
Creator:
Jackson, James K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fuel Ethanol: Background and Public Policy Issues
This report provides background and discussion of policy issues relating to U.S. ethanol production, especially ethanol made from corn. It discusses U.S. fuel ethanol consumption both as a gasoline blending component and as an alternative to gasoline. The report discusses various costs and benefits of ethanol, including fuel costs, pollutant emissions, and energy consumption. It also outlines key areas of congressional debate on policies beneficial to the ethanol industry.
Date:
March 3, 2006
Creator:
Yacobucci, Brent D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
State and Local Homeland Security: Unresolved Issues for the 109th Congress
None
Date:
August 3, 2006
Creator:
Reese, Shawn
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Discipline Provisions in P.L. 108-446
None
Date:
October 3, 2006
Creator:
Jones, Nancy Lee
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Journalists’ Privilege: Overview of the Law and 109th Congress Legislation
None
Date:
October 3, 2006
Creator:
Cohen, Henry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
RHIC Critical Point Search: Assessing STAR's Capabilities.
In this report we discuss the capabilities and limitations of the STAR detector to search for signatures of the QCD critical point in a low energy scan at RHIC. We find that a RHIC low energy scan will cover a broad region of interest in the nuclear matter phase diagram and that the STAR detector--a detector designed to measure the quantities that will be of interest in this search--will provide new observables and improve on previous measurements in this energy range.
Date:
July 3, 2006
Creator:
Sorensen, Paul
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Science & Technology Review May 2006
This month's issue has the following articles: (1) Science and Technology Help the Nation Counter Terrorism--Commentary by Raymond J. Juzaitis; (2) Imagers Provide Eyes to See Gamma Rays--Gamma-ray imagers provide increased radiation detection capabilities and enhance the nation's arsenal for homeland security; (3) Protecting the Nation's Livestock--Foot-and-mouth disease could devastate America's livestock; a new assay provides a rapid means to detect it; (4) Measures for Measures--Laboratory physicists combine emissivity and reflectivity to achieve highly accurate temperature measurements of metal foils; and (5) Looping through the Lamb Shift--Livermore scientists measured a small perturbation in the spectra of highly ionized uranium--the first measurement of the two-loop Lamb shift in a bound state.
Date:
April 3, 2006
Creator:
Aufderheide, M. B., III
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Voting Rights Act of 1965, As Amended: Its History and Current Issues
None
Date:
March 3, 2006
Creator:
Laney, Garrine P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library