This newsletter provides a brief overview of the Field Verification Program for Small Wind Turbines conducted out of the NWTC and a description of current activities. The newsletter also contains case studies of current projects.

Four Next Generation Lithographic options (EUV, x-ray, EPL, IPL) are compared against four current optical technologies (i-line, DUV, 193 nm, 157 nm) for resolution capabilities based on wavelength. As the wavelength of the incident radiation decreases, the nature of the interaction with the resist changes. At high energies, optical density is less sensitive to molecular structure then at 157 nm.

In order to meet the requirements of the Tank 8 Waste Removal Schedule, samples (approximately 80 mL/each) of Tank 8 sludge slurry were taken and transported to the Savannah River Technology Center's (SRTC) Shielded Cells Facility for analysis. This report discusses the rheological measurements completed on the first set of Tank 8 samples received at SRTC.

The mission of the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) is to extend the understanding of toroidal physics to low aspect ratio (R/a approximately equal to 1.25) in low collisionality regimes. NSTX is designed to operate with up to 6 MW of High Harmonic Fast Wave (HHFW) heating and current drive, 5 MW of Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) and Co-Axial Helicity Injection (CHI) for non-inductive startup. Initial experiments focused on establishing conditions that will allow NSTX to achieve its aims of simultaneous high-bt and high-bootstrap current fraction, and to develop methods for non-inductive operation, which will be necessary for Spherical Torus power plants. Ohmic discharges with plasma currents up to 1 MA and with a range of shapes and configurations were produced. Density limits in deuterium and helium reached 80% and 120% of the Greenwald limit respectively. Significant electron heating was observed with up to 2.3 MW of HHFW. Up to 270 kA of toroidal current for up to 200 msec was produced noninductively using CHI. Initial NBI experiments were carried out with up to two beam sources (3.2 MW). Plasmas with stored energies of up to 140 kJ and bt =21% were produced.

Theoretical and computational advances in lattice calculations are reviewed, with focus on examples relevant to the unitarity triangle of the CKM matrix. Recent progress in semi-leptonic form factors for B {yields} {pi}/v and B {yields} D*lv, as well as the parameter {zeta} in B{sup 0}-{bar B}{sup 0} mixing, are highlighted.

Precision measurements of electroweak quantities are carried out to test the Standard Model (SM). In particular, measurements of the top quark mass, m{sub top}, when combined with precise measurements of the W mass, M{sub W}, and the weak mixing angle, sin{sup 2} {bar {theta}}{sub W}, make it possible to derive indirect constraints on the Higgs boson mass, M{sub H}, via top quark and Higgs boson electroweak radiative corrections to M{sub W}. Comparison of these constraints on M{sub H} with the mass obtained from direct observation of the Higgs boson in future collider experiments will be an important test of the SM. In this report, the prospects for measuring the W parameters (mass and width) and the weak mixing angle in Run II are discussed, and a program for extracting the probability distribution function of M{sub H} is described.

This manual documents a recommended methodology for determining the ingestion pathway consequences of hypothetical accidental airborne radiological releases from facilities at the Savannah River Site. Both particulate and tritiated radioactive contaminants are addressed. Other approaches should be applied for evaluation of routine releases.

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Validation of Building Energy Simulation Programs consists of a combination of empirical validation, analytical verification, and comparative analysis techniques (Judkoff 1988). An analytical verification and comparative diagnostic procedure was developed to test the ability of whole-building simulation programs to model the performance of unitary space-cooling equipment that is typically modeled using manufacturer design data presented as empirically derived performance maps. Field trials of the method were conducted by researchers from nations participating in the International Energy Agency (IEA) Solar Heating and Cooling (SHC) Programme Task 22, using a number of detailed hourly simulation programs from Europe and the United States, including: CA-SIS, CLIM2000, PROMETHEUS, TRNSYS-TUD, and two versions of DOE-2.1E. Analytical solutions were also developed for the test cases.

How can we search for new physics when we only vaguely know what it should look like? How can we perform an unbiased yet data-driven search? If we see apparently anomalous events in our data, how can we quantify their ''interestingness'' a posteriori? We present an analysis strategy (SLEUTH) that simultaneously addresses each of these questions, and we demonstrate its application to over thirty exclusive final states in data collected by D0 in Run I of the Fermilab Tevatron.

We present data in this paper from the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) which challenges the commonly held belief that extrinsic MHD events such as sawteeth or ELMs [edge localized modes] are required to provide the seed islands that trigger Neoclassical Tearing Modes (NTMs). While sawteeth are reported to provide the trigger for most of the NTMs on DIII-D [at General Atomics in San Diego, California] and ASDEX-U [at Max-Planck-Institut fuer Plasmaphysik in Garching, Germany], the majority of NTMs seen in TFTR occur in plasmas without sawteeth, that is which are above the beta threshold for sawtooth stabilization. Examples of NTMs appearing in the absence of any detectable extrinsic MHD activity will be shown. Conversely, large n=1 modes in plasmas above the NTM beta threshold generally do not trigger NTMs. An alternative mechanism for generating seed islands will be discussed.

The D0 experiment at the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider accumulated a large sample of high energy jet production data during Run I (1992-1996). Presented here are measurements of the inclusive jet cross section at a center-of-mass energy {radical}s = 1800 GeV, and a ratio of central inclusive jet cross sections at two different center-of-mass energies (1800 and 630 GeV). Also included is a measure of the ratio of multijet production cross sections at the higher {radical}s: All measurements are compared to next-to-leading order QCD predictions with recent parton distribution functions (PDFs). Due to decreased statistical and systematic errors in the measurement, comparison with the theory shows that the prediction may benefit from an increased order in the calculation and from inclusion of proton-antiproton jet data in new global PDF fits.

An embeddable and portable Lex-based MAD language parser has been developed. The parser consists of a front-end which reads a MAD file and keeps beam elements, beam line data and algebraic expressions in tree-like structures, and a back-end, which processes the front-end data to generate an input file or data structures compatible with user applications. Three working programs are described, namely, a MAD to C++ converter, a dynamic C++ object factory and a MAD-MARS beam line builder. Design and implementation issues are discussed.

It is generally accepted that the information necessary to specify the native, functional, three-dimensional structure of a protein is encoded entirely within its amino acid sequence; however, efficient reversible folding and unfolding is observed only with a subset of small single-domain proteins. Refolding experiments often lead to the formation of kinetically-trapped, misfolded species that aggregate, even in dilute solution. In the cellular environment, the barriers to efficient protein folding and maintenance of native structure are even larger due to the nature of this process. First, nascent polypeptides must fold in an extremely crowded environment where the concentration of macromolecules approaches 300-400 mg/mL and on average, each ribosome is within its own diameter of another ribosome (1-3). These conditions of severe molecular crowding, coupled with high concentrations of nascent polypeptide chains, favor nonspecific aggregation over productive folding (3). Second, folding of newly-translated polypeptides occurs in the context of their vehtorial synthesis process. Amino acids are added to a growing nascent chain at the rate of -5 residues per set, which means that for a 300 residue protein its N-terminus will be exposed to the cytosol {approx}1 min before its C-terminus and be free to begin the folding process. However, because protein …

We have come up with a way for calculating longitudinal wakefields for high Q resonances by mapping the wake functions to a two dimension vector space. Then in this space, a transformation which is basically a scale change and a rotation, allows us to calculate the new wakefield by knowing only one previous wakefield and one previous particle passage through the cavity. We will also compare this method to the brute force method which needs to know all the passages of the previous particles through the cavity.

This paper presents a real-time application of the 16-bit fixed point Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), in the Muon System of the D0 detector located at the Fermilab Tevatron, presently the world's highest-energy hadron collider. As part of the Upgrade for a run beginning in the year 2000, the system is required to process data at an input event rate of 10 KHz without incurring significant deadtime in readout. The ADSP21csp01 processor has high I/O bandwidth, single cycle instruction execution and fast task switching support to provide efficient multisignal processing. The processor's internal memory consists of 4K words of Program Memory and 4K words of Data Memory. In addition there is an external memory of 32K words for general event buffering and 16K words of Dual port Memory for input data queuing. This DSP fulfills the requirement of the Muon subdetector systems for data readout. All error handling, buffering, formatting and transferring of the data to the various trigger levels of the data acquisition system is done in software. The algorithms developed for the system complete these tasks in about 20 {micro}s per event.

A 220 m long ionization cooling system consisting of three solenoids with two field-flip sections, is proposed as a cooling channel for the neutrino factory. The reduction of transverse emittance is achieved using 87 liquid hydrogen absorbers (30-40 cm long), and 87 (2 m long) 200 MHz linacs. The first flip is performed at relatively small magnetic field, B = 3 T, to keep the longitudinal motion under control. The field is then increased adiabatically up to 7 T and a second field flip performed. The cooler was studied and simulated in detail. Preceded by a 16 GeV proton driver, a carbon target, a mini-cooler and a buncher, the system provides about 0.082 muons per incident proton.

The objectives of the project were to: (1) Thoroughly understand the 60-year history of the field. (2) Develop a reservoir description using geology and 3D seismic. (3) Isolate the upper Grayburg in wells producing from multiple intervals to stop cross flow. (4) Re-align and optimize the upper Grayburg waterflood. (5) Determine well condition, identify re-frac candidates, evaluate the effectiveness of well work and obtain bottom hole pressure data for simulation utilizing pressure transient testing field wide. (6) Quantitatively integrate all the data to guide the field operations, including identification of new well locations utilizing reservoir simulation.

We report a new measurement of the pseudorapidity ({eta}) and transverse-energy (E{sub T}) dependence of the inclusive jet production cross section in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1:8 TeV using 95 pb{sup {minus}1} of data collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The differential cross section d{sup 2}{sigma}/(dE{sub T}d{eta}) is presented up to {vert_bar}{eta}{vert_bar} = 3, significantly extending previous measurements. The results are in good overall agreement with next-to-leading order predictions from QCD, indicate a preference for certain parton distribution functions, and provide the world's best constraint on the gluon distribution at high parton momentum fraction x.

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In the spring of 2000, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory issued a Request for Proposal for the construction of small-scale (300 kilowatt [kW] to 1 megawatt [MW]) geothermal power plants in the western United States. Five projects were selected for funding. Of these five, subcontracts have been completed for three, and preliminary design work is being conducted. The three projects currently under contract represent a variety of concepts and locations: a 1-MW evaporatively enhanced, air-cooled binary-cycle plant in Nevada; a 1-MW water-cooled Kalina-cycle plant in New Mexico; and a 750-kW low-temperature flash plant in Utah. All three also incorporate direct heating: onion dehydration, heating for a fish hatchery, and greenhouse heating, respectively. These projects are expected to begin operation between April 2002 and September 2003. In each case, detailed data on performance and costs will be taken over a 3-year period.

We have investigated the incorporation of americium and curium in selected zirconia-based materials in conjunction with a research program at the ''Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique'' that addresses transmutation of long-lived radioactive elements. Both cubic zirconia and pyrochlore oxides An{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} (An = Am, Cm) are considered in the work reported here. The strategy proposed is to treat americium and curium together in the same transmutation process. There are several incentives for this approach. One is the radiotoxicity benefits while another is avoiding the difficult separation of Am and Cm. A third point is that curium must already be considered as it is generated in large amounts as a result of irradiating pure americium targets. Outlined here are our efforts to examine the behavior of Am and Cm in selected uranium-free hosts, which avoids the generation of additional actinide products. The general concept consists of irradiating the host targets for extended periods, which would be then disposed in a suitable repository (the so-called ''once through option''). The host matrix selected for Am and Cm must meet various criteria, such as a low neutron capture cross-section, a high melting point, phase stability, low oxygen potential, etc. Several potential candidates have …

With the first injection of neutral beams on the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX), a broad and complicated spectrum of coherent modes was seen between approximately 0.4 MHz and 2.5 MHz [where f(subscript ''ci'')] for deuterium is approximately 2.2 MHz. The modes have been observed with high bandwidth magnetic pick-up coils and with a reflectometer. The parametric scaling of the mode frequency with density and magnetic field is consistent with Alfvenic modes (linear in B, inversely with the square root of density). These modes have been identified as magnetosonic waves or compressional Alfven eigenmodes (CAE) excited by a cyclotron resonance with the neutral-beam ions. Modes have also been observed in the frequency range 50-150 kHz with toroidal mode numbers n = 1-5. These lower frequency modes are thought to be related to the TAE [Toroidal Alfven Eigenmode] seen commonly in tokamaks and driven by energetic fast ion populations resulting from ICRF [ion cyclotron range of frequency] and NBI [neutral-beam injection] heating. There is no clear indication of enhanced fast ion losses associated with the modes.

A scenario for capture, bunching and rf rotation of {mu}'s from a proton source is presented. It consists of a drift section, a variable frequency {approximately} 300 {r_arrow} 180 MHz bunching section, and a fixed (or variable) frequency ({approximately}180 MHz) {phi}-{delta}E rotation section. In 1-D and 3-D simulations (SIMUCOOL and ICOOL), the overall capture performance of the system is similar to that of induction linac + buncher scenarios developed for the neutrino factory. The total rf required for the system is quite modest. Optimization procedures are described.