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THE PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT AND PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY IN LAMINATED ORGANICSYSTEMS
As a result of a wide variety of studies on photosynthesis in living plants and plant fragments, together with the development of photosensitive, photovoltaic junctions in inorganic crystals and the discovery and exploration of semiconduction in organic molecular substances, a suggestion has been made that the primary quantum conversion process in photosynthetic tissues involves the creation and separation of charge to opposite sides of an asymmetrically-constructed lamina, followed by the trapping of both the electrons and the holes which then lead to their respective chemical processes, namely reduction of carbon dioxide and oxidation of the water to oxygen. This has led us to study model systems as semiconductors with a view to creating an organic photovoltaic junction.
Date:
September 1, 1958
Creator:
Kearns, David & Calvin, Melvin
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An evaluation of the Weldon Spring Feed Preparation and Sampling Plant
A description of the new Weldon Spring Feed Preparation and Sampling Plant for uranium concentrates is given. Prior to the startup of this plant the auger to be later installed was used in an evaluation program to test reliability for representative sampling and uniformity both within drums and between drums of various concentrates. Results of this program were used as a reference for the sampling plant evaluation which involved successive auger and mechanical sampling of a series of lots of several concentrates, followed by moisture determinations, uranium assays, and statistical analyses of the data. From the final results conclusions are drawn concerning the suitability of the mechanical sampling system for the concentrates examined.
Date:
December 1, 1958
Creator:
Ziegler, W. A.; Swaney, D. R.; Huston, S. H.; Todd, J. E. & Kuehn, M. N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Particle Accelerators
In the most general sense, an accelerator is any device designed to give kinetic energy to ions or electrons. According to this definition the earliest cathode ray and canal ray tubes, made before the turn of the century were accelerators, the same principle is used in the x-ray tube, the cathode ray oscilloscope, the mass spectrograph, the electron microscope, and many other modern devices. However, we shall limit this discussion to those accelerators made for the particular purpose of inducing nuclear reactions, and to a few others that may be of interest in this connection, although they were originally designed for other purposes, such as high-voltage x-ray tubes intended for deep therapy or the radiography of metals. Although much work related to accelerators is thus omitted, it must not be forgotten that the principles learned and the practical experience gained by this work were of great importance in the development of the machiens now used in nuclear physics.
Date:
January 1, 1955
Creator:
McMillan, Edwin M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of lithium in target slugs by neutron transmission
An instrument was developed to measure nondestructively the lithium content of target slugs for the SRP reactors. The slugs consist of cylindrical pieces of Li-Al alloy, approximately 0.8 inches in diameter and 12 inches in length, clad with aluminum. The instrument utilizes neutron transmission to determine the Li content in the range 3% to 7% Li.
Date:
February 1, 1955
Creator:
Dexter, A.H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Exploratory Scavenging Studies for the Decontamination of Redox Solutions
From introduction: "This report is concerned with exploratory experiments designed to studies the efficiency of a number of scavengers for zirconium and niobium adsorption and to provide preliminary information on the best conditions to employ on the most satisfactory of those scavengers studied, namely Super Filtrol FO. The data in this report include data obtained through October, 1949, and are by no means considered to be final. The investigation is currently being actively continued."
Date:
May 1, 1950
Creator:
Roake, W. E. & Lowe, C. S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A comparison of two methods for the spectrochemical analysis of plutonium
Report describing the methods, discrepancies, accuracy of methods, and conclusions of two different analytical methods of spectrochemical analysis of plutionium.
Date:
February 1, 1950
Creator:
Van Tuyl, H. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Coulometric Determination of Acid
Introduction: "The need for a method of acid determination which could be used for small samples and easily adapted to remote control led to the investigation of the use of electrolytically generated base for the titration of acid in certain solutions. The use of electrolytically generated base for the titration of acetic acid in the presence of nitric acid has been reported (1)."
Date:
March 1, 1950
Creator:
Carson, W. N. & Ko, Roy
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Development of Plutonium Electrodeposition Methods : Interim Report
From introduction: "The following report presents a body of information obtained in the Health Instrument Development Laboratory from September, 1948, to the present, and is intended to be a preliminary review of [the study of electrodeposition of plutonium]. Many improvements in technique and methods and investigations along lines not explored are suggested by the present work. These will be undertaken as time permits, and reported at a later time."
Date:
March 1, 1950
Creator:
Schwendiman, L. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Equilibrium Relationships for Stripping Uranium from Solutions of Tributyl Phosphate and Hydrocarbon Diluent
Objective: "The laboratory equilibrium study RC-E-1 described in this report was carried out to obtain uranium equilibrium curves at various concentrations of nitric acid and of TBP."
Date:
May 1, 1950
Creator:
Clagett, Fred
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Mechanical Properties of Iodide Zirconium Alloys
Introduction: "The tensile properties, hot hardness, impact strength; and corrosion resistance of some arc-melted, iodide zirconium alloys have been determined. The alloys investigated include binary alloys of zirconium containing zero to five per cent tin, binary alloys of zirconium containing zero to 0.14 per cent nitrogen, and ternary alloys of zirconium containing tin and nitrogen, tin and uranium, and uranium and beryllium."
Date:
November 1, 1952
Creator:
Schwope, A. D. & Chubb, Walston
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of Oxidation-Resistant Ceramics for High-Temperature Reactor Elements
Abstract: "As a possible aid in the selection of ceramic materials for use in the fabrication of high-temperature reactor elements, the reported properties of 23 refractory oxidation-resistance ceramic compounds are tabulated. The thermal stresses and heat throughout capacities for nine of these compounds are estimated for conditions of steady heat flow and uniform heat generation in the temperature range of 1500 to 2500 F. The compounds studied have macroscopic thermal-neutron-absorption cross sections lower than 0.2 per centimeter. Data concerning the high-temperature stability of uranium compounds are tabulated for those with melting points above 2450 F."
Date:
December 1, 1952
Creator:
Harman, Cameron G.; Ferrell, Edward Francis.; Wagner, H. E. & Quirk, J. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An Experimental Evaluation of the Radiation Protection Afforded by a Large Modern Concrete Office Building
Abstract: "An experimental study was made to determine the effective shielding provided by a modern reinforced-concrete office building (AEC Headquarters building) from nuclear fallout. Pocket ionization chambers were used for measurement of the radiation-field strength. Fallout was simulated with distributed and point-source configurations of Co-60 and Ir-192 sources. Four typical sections were selected for study, and experiments were performed on each. These included an external wing with exposed basement walls and an external wing with a buried basement. Roof studies were made on an internal wing with a full basement and on the east end of wing A, which has a thin-roof construction. The thick-roof construction of 8 in. of concrete and 2 in. of rigid insulation covers all the building except the east end of wing A, which has 4 in. of concrete and 2 in. of insulation."
Date:
May 1, 1959
Creator:
Batter, J. F., Jr.; Kaplan, A. L. & Clarke, Eric Thacher
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Grain Refinement of Uranium by Alloying
Binary alloys of uranium with 38 elements in the range 0.01 to 1.0 at.% were made. Three alloys having nominal compositions of 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 at.% were made with most of the elements, and in addition, 12 ternary and quaternary alloys were made. The alloys were cast, rolled to 7/8-inch-diameter bars, heat treated, and examined for grain size.
Date:
June 1, 1951
Creator:
Saller, Henry A.; Keeler, J. R. & Eddy, N. S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Jacketing of Uranium for High-Temperture Service
From introduction: "The work covered in this report is a portion of the experimental research undertaken for the design of a uranium-containing metallic fuel rod for operation in air at 1090 C...This report deals with that phase which involved the testing and evaluation of various metals as barrier costs between uranium alloys, and low-carbon steel. The work is of a preliminary nature and is concerned more with a comparison of the various barrier metals than with the acquisition of numerical data, e.g., diffusion coefficients."
Date:
June 1, 1951
Creator:
Saller, Henry A. & Stacy, J. T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Progress Report for the Month of January, 1952
This progress report of the Battelle Memorial Institute covers information in many categories. These include development of ceramic fuel elements, general ceramics, uranium and its alloys, thorium and its alloys, development of metallic fuel elements and assemblies, metals and alloys for reactor components, miscellaneous metallurgical work, liquid coolants and fuels, reactor engineering studies, and mechanism development.
Date:
February 1, 1952
Creator:
Russell, H. W.; Nelson, H. R. & Dayton, R. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Experimental Fabrication of a Lightweight Control Rod
Abstract: "The possibility of fabricating a lightweight control rod from one of several high cross-section materials was investigated. The major effort was directed toward the development of a titanium-clad rod containing a composite core of 25 weight per cent Gd2O3 in a matrix of titanium. Experimentation on both subscale and full-scale control-rod cores showed that the fabricating behavior of the two was not analogous. To roll the full-scale core successfully, it was necessary to lower the oxide content to 17 weight per cent. Subscale investigations were also carried out on titanium-cadmium, titanium-lanthanum, and titanium-gadolinium alloys."
Date:
July 1, 1952
Creator:
Saller, Henry A.; Stacy, J. T. & Keller, D. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Effects of Chemical Impurities on the Quality of Rolled Uranium Rod
Abstract: "Thirty-four uranium ingots containing controlled amounts of carbon, nitrogen, and Mgl2 slag were cast, rolled, and examined to investigate the relation between these impurities and the quality of the rolled rod. Carbon in concentrations up to 1400 ppm and nitrogen up to 170 ppm, either singly or in combination, had no significant effect on the number of defects observed in the rolled rod. The quality of the rods, however decreased with increasing amount of slag necessary to cause observable differences in the rod could not be detected on analysis, but was visible in the microstructure."
Date:
October 1, 1954
Creator:
Saller, Henry A.; Keeler, J. R. & Cuddy, L. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Effectiveness of Spray Cooling
Abstract: "A possible method of cooling a liquid-fuel reactor is by spraying liquid metal through the liquid fuel, and then circulating the liquid metal through a heat exchanger. To evaluate the effectiveness of this cooling method, a few simple experiments were made with mercury sprayed through water. On the basis of the results, it was concluded that this method was intrinsically a low-power-density method, which could not find application except where a low fissionable-material inventory was the dominating requirement in a low-power reactor. Even there, it is thought that a boiling homogeneous reactor might be superior. The results are reported, in spite of their probably lack of value in the reactor program, simply to make the record complete."
Date:
October 1, 1953
Creator:
Dayton, R. W.; Allen, C. M. & Miller, N. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear power plant 5,000 to 10,000 kilowatts
The purpose of this proposal is to present a suggested program for the development of an Aqueous Homogeneous Reactor Power Plant for the production of power in the 5000 to 10,000 kilowatt range under the terms of the Atomic Energy Commission's invitation of September 21, 1955. It envisions a research and development program prior to finalizing fabricating commitments of full scale components for the purpose of proving mechanical and hydraulic operating and chemical processing feasibility with the expectation that such preliminary effort will assure the contruction of the reactor at the lowest cost and successful operation at the earliest date. It proposes the construction of a reactor for an eventual net electrical output of ten megawatts but initially in conjunction with a five megawatt turbo-generating unit. This unit would be constructed at the site of the existing Hersey diesel generating plant of the Wolverine Electric Cooperative approximately ten miles north of Big Rapids, Michigan.
Date:
February 1, 1956
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nitric acid recovery and ammonia removal: Modifications to the Redox dissolver off-gas systems
Project CG-588 authorized the design and construction of dissolver and waste neutralizer off-gas scrubbers to remove the ammonia given off during coating removal and waste neutralization steps of the Redox operation. It has always been recognized that the nitrogen oxides in the dissolver off-gases, resulting from the dissolution of bare uranium slugs, could also be absorbed in water under proper conditions to give re-useable nitric acid. Consequently it appeared feasible to provide facilities which would combine these ammonia removal and nitric acid recovery operations. The purpose of this report is to present a scope design for the economical recovery of nitric acid from the Redox dissolver off-gases in addition to the removal of ammonia. It is recognized that acceptance of this scope for project execution would make unnecessary the ammonia scrubbers for the dissolver off-gases of Project CG-588. 8 refs.
Date:
October 1, 1954
Creator:
Stoker, D. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Conceptual Design of an Advanced Engineering Test Reactor
From abstract: This report describes a conceptual design for an Advanced Engineering Test Reactor. The reactor is a large graphite assembly penetrated by parallel Zircaloy tubes through which flow as heavy water solution of uranyl sulfate. Reactor power is 220 megawatts.
Date:
March 1, 1957
Creator:
Mallon, R. G.; Saldick, J. & Gibbons, R. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Design and Feasibility Study of a Pebble Bed Reactor-Steam Power Plant
Originally issued as S and P 1963A, Parts I and II. This report covers a design and feasibility study of a pebble bed reactor-steam power plant of 125 megawatt electrical output. The reactor design which evolved from this study is a two-region thermal breeder, operating on the uranium-thorium cycle, in which all core structural materials are graphite. Fuel is in the form of unclad spherical elements of graphite, containing fissile and fertile material. The primary loop consists of the reactor plus three steam generators and blowers in parallel. Plant design and system analysis including cost analysis and capital cost summary are given.
Date:
May 1, 1958
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Progress Report for August, 1955
This report of the Battelle Memorial Institute covers information on development regarding various materials.
Date:
September 1, 1955
Creator:
Dayton, Russell W. & Tipton, Clyde R., Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Blast biology: a study of the primary and tertiary effects of blast in open underground protective shelters. Project 33. 1 of Operation Plumbbob
Dogs, pigs, rabbits, guinea pigs, and mice were exposed to nuclear detonations in two open underground partitioned shelters. The shelters were of similar construction, and each was exposed to separate detonations. Each inner chamber filled through its own orifice; thus four separate pressure environments were obtained. An aerodynamic mound was placed over the escape hatch of each structure to determine its effect on the pressure-curve shape inside the chamber. In one test a sieve plate bolted across the top of the mound was evaluated. Wind protective baffles of solid plate and of heavy wire screen were installed in the shelters to compare primary and tertiary blast effects on dogs. The shelters also contained static and dynamic pressure gages, radiation detectors, telemetering devices, and, in one test, air-temperature measuring instruments, dust-collecting trays, and eight pigs for the biological assessment of thermal effects. One dog was severely injured from tertiary blast effects associated with a maximal dynamic pressure (Q) of 10.5 psi, and one was undamaged with a maximal Q of 2 psi. Primary blast effects resulting from peak overpressures of 30.3, 25.5, 9.5, and 4.1 psi were minimal. The mortality was 19% of the mice exposed to a peak pressure of …
Date:
February 1, 1959
Creator:
Ricmond, D.R.; Taborelli, R.V. & Bowen, I.G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library