The report describes TVENT, a portable FORTRAN computer program for predicting flows and pressures in a ventilation system subject to a tornado. The pressure and flow values calculated by TVENT can be used as a basis for structural analysis. TVENT is a one-dimensional, lumped-parameter model with incompressible flow augmented by fluid storage. The theoretical basis for the mathematical modeling and analysis is presented, and a description of the input for the computer code is provided. Modeling techniques specific to ventilation systems are described. Sample problems illustrate the use of TVENT in analyzing ventilation systems. Other sample problems illustrate modeling techniques used in reducing complex systems.

Calculated results, carried out by the method of discrete ordinates, of the absorbed dose received by personnel at various locations relative to the source in a simulated reactor criticality accident are presented and compared with experimental data. The geometry of the room in which the ''accident'' took place is included approximately in the calculations. The calculated and experimental data are in good agreement in all cases.

Calculated results, carried out by the method of discrete ordinates, of the absorbed dose received by personnel at various locations relative to the source in a simulated reactor criticality accident are presented and compared with experimental data. The geometry of the room in which the ''accident'' took place is included approximately in the calculations. The calculated and experimental data are in good agreement in all cases.

The paper briefly describes the nuclear reactor facilities at Sandia Laboratories which are used for simulating nuclear weapon produced neutron environments. These reactor facilities are used principally in support of continuing R and D programs for the Department of Energy/Office of Military Application (DOE/OMA) in studying the effects of radiation on nuclear weapon systems and components. As such, the reactors are available to DOE and DOD agencies and their contractors responsible for the radiation hardening of advanced nuclear weapon systems. Emphasis is placed upon two new reactor simulation sources; the Sandia Pulse Reactor-III (SPR-III) Facility which enhances the neutron exposure volume capabilities over those presently available with the existing SPR-II Facility, and the Upgraded Annular Core Pulse Reactor (ACPR) Facility which enhances the neutron exposure capabilities over those of the former ACPR Facility.

Specimens of 2.25 Cr-1 Mo steel were damaged to various levels by creep and combined creep-fatigue cycling at 886/sup 0/K (1100/sup 0/F) with hold periods. Ultrasonic shear wave velocity measurements were performed and showed small changes with large amounts of creep or fatigue damage; these changes were deemed too small for practical application. Measurements of magnetic properties were unsuccessful in following damage. Optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed on the samples. TEM observations showed that microstructural changes which occurred at 886/sup 0/K (1100/sup 0/F) did not occur homogeneously throughout the matrix; during creep, carbide spheroidization and coarsening began in widely separated regions, with an increasing fraction of the material undergoing the process with time. A precipitate was observed to form during fatigue which did not occur during simple aging or creep.

All of the remaining compatibility tests are proceeding as scheduled. Results of the 20,000-hr compatibility tests with nonradioactive SrF/sub 2/ show that, with one exception, attack of the specimens by the SrF/sub 2/ after 20,000 hr is no greater than after 6000 and 12,000 hr. The one exception involved Haynes Alloy 25 specimens tested at 1000/sup 0/C. These test specimens exhibited isolated subsurface voids to depths of 0.025 in., although the general surface attack was only about 0.001 inches. The cause of the void formation has not yet been determined. Tests with Hastelloy S and Hastelloy C-4 at 600 to 800/sup 0/C for 2500 hr show that oxidation of the two alloys adheres to the parabolic rate law. Both alloys from adherent oxide layers over the temperature range of interest. Intergranular attack, pitting, and subsurface void formation increase sharply with increased oxidation temperature with both alloys, and at 800/sup 0/C the depth of metal exhibiting oxidation damage is several times greater than the thickness of the oxide layer.

In order to measure the risk associated with radioactive waste it is necessary to ascertain public opinion concerning the relative significance of the different possible health effects of radiation, and public attitudes towards uncertainty. LLL has directed Decisions and Designs, Incorporated (DDI), to elicit such views from various members of the public. Purpose of this note is to give a brief account of some of the views so far obtained, provide some interpretation of these results, and briefly demonstrate how these results can be used to guide the drafting of regulations.

The results of a continuing assessment of program plans, additional program activities, and experience gained and achievements made since program inception are reflected here. The current status of program activities funded totally or partially by DOE is presented in this report which thus supersedes ERDA 76-6. (MHR)

Intrusion detection sensors are an integral part of most physical security systems. Under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Safeguards and Security, Sandia Laboratories has conducted a survey of available intrusion detection sensors and has tested a number of different sensors. An overview of these sensors is provided. This overview includes (1) the operating principles of each type of sensor, (2) unique sensor characteristics, (3) desired sensor improvements which must be considered in planning an intrusion detection system, and (4) the site characteristics which affect the performance of both exterior and interior sensors. Techniques which have been developed to evaluate various intrusion detection sensors are also discussed.

Approximately 140 additional hydrogen incident reports have been compiled during this reporting period to increase the total number of reports to about 420. A preliminary analysis of the data shows that 60 percent of the reported incidents have been hydrogen explosions and that 82% of the casualties have been due to explosions. Inadequate hydrogen detection of leaks, incomplete purging, etc., was a primary cause factor in 36% of the incidents. Recommendations are presented for research in explosion protection, hydrogen leak and flame detection, and ingnition sources associated with high speed emergency releases of hydrogen. A multivariate regression analysis has been conducted to compare the severity of hydrogen and natural gas losses at Factory Mutual insured plants. The results indicate that, after accounting for the effects of deductibles, occupancy type and inflation, there is no statistically significant difference between the severity of hydrogen and natural gas losses. A simple calculation of the frequency of hydrogen and natural gas incidents at ferrous metal processing plants indicates that there have been significantly more hydrogen incidents per unit volume or per unit energy of gas consumed. A similar calculation is presented for petroleum refinery incidents, but with less conclusive results.

A study was made to determine the variability in Dupont's 380-denier Kevlar-49 yarn. Both in-spool and spool-to-spool variations in tensile strength, cross-sectional area, and chemical composition were determined for one lot of material.

We have previously postulated that wild-type Herpes Simplex Virus type I (HSV-1) infections are characterized by the presence of a fusion factor and a fusion inhibitor activity. The fusion inhibitor presumably is dominant so that a small fraction of cells fuse in a typical wild-type infection. Furthermore, the syn mutants isolated in our laboratory are thought to cause extensive cell fusion because the production of active fusion inhibitor in cell membranes is delayed. If mutations existed that altered both the fusion factor and fusion inhibitor activity then separate viruses containing these two mutations might be able to complement each other, each supplying the defective gene product missing in the other virus. This would produce a wild type and not a syncytial mutant response. Complementation tests between two viruses, tsB5 and syn 20, which are thought to contain defects in the production of active fusion factor and fusion inhibitor activity, respectively, were done. A wild-type response was observed indicating that the mutations affecting fusion were in two separate genes.

This report presents the results of the geochemical reconnaissance sampling in the Kingman 1 x 2 quadrangle of the National Topographical Map Series (NTMS). Wet and dry sediment samples were collected throughout the 18,770-km arid to semiarid area and water samples at available streams, springs, and wells. Neutron activation analysis of uranium and trace elements and other measurements made in the field and laboratory are presented in tabular hardcopy and microfiche format. The report includes five full-size overlays for use with the Kingman NTMS 1 : 250,000 quadrangle. Water sampling sites, water sample uranium concentrations, water-sample conductivity, sediment sampling sites, and sediment-sample total uranium and thorium concentrations are shown on the separate overlays. General geological and structural descriptions of the area are included and known uranium occurrences on this quadrangle are delineated. Results of the reconnaissance are briefly discussed and related to rock types in the final section of the report. The results are suggestive of uranium mineralization in only two areas: the Cerbat Mountains and near some of the western intrusives.

New data for relativistic heavy ion collisions are presented for the emitted protons and pions, and for the average multiplicities and angular correlations of the charged particles. Comparisons with several different theoretical approaches are made including the nuclear firestreak model. It appears that there is a group of nucleons with randomized motion and high temperature. The stage is reached where one is beginning to look for effects due to the expansion of a compressed region. 16 references.

Part III of a technology program performed for the NASA Lewis Research Center for the development of hydrodynamic air lubricated journal bearings for an automotive gas turbine engine is described. Part I of the program had focused on advancing compliant surface journal bearing technology by providing design information through an experimental and analytical effort. Part II of the program has investigated and tested materials and coatings for compliant surface bearings and journals good to either 540/sup 0/C or 650/sup 0/C environment. The most promising combination (Kaman DES) was tested at 35 kPa (5 psi) loading in partial-arc bearing form. This coating combination successfully completed 2000 start-stop cycles. Some of the coating was worn under the loaded area. There was some coating left on the grain boundaries, and the remaining area was oxidized during exposure to higher temperature. This combination was further tested at 14 kPa (2 psi) loading as a complete bearing. It completed 1000 start-stop cycles. A considerable amount of loose wear debris collected at the interface and, apparently, could not easily escape. As a result, it damaged the surfaces.

This users guide was prepared to provide interested persons access to, via computer terminals, federally funded energy-related environment and safety research projects for FY 1977. Although this information is also available in hardbound volumes, this on-line searching capability is expected to reduce the time required to answer ad hoc questions and, at the same time, produce meaningful reports.

The public has shown a particular interest in the Department of Energy's procurement, contracting, and financial assistance programs. Procurement systems reports involve extensive information on over 6,000 active prime contracts, grants, loan guarantees and agreements of several types, plus over 30,000 small purchase transactions. This Compendium eliminates some confusion and will serve the needs of most of the people who wonder what kind of procurement systems reports are available from the Department of Energy. This Compendium has three major sections. The Published Reports section includes computer-generated reports, which will be published annually with a cumulative monthly update. The annual reports will be published as of September 30, the end of the Federal Fiscal Year. Alongside each report is a summary of the report showing the data elements included in the report. When available, these reports can be obtained from your nearest Energy Extension Service office. A list of the Department of Energy's ten Energy Extension Service offices is included in this publication. The Unpublished Reports section is comprised of available, computer-generated reports with a summary of each report and a listing of data elements included in the report. Unpublished reports are reformats or subsets of information available in the published …

A type 316 stainless steel blind flange and thermowell assembly rated at 17 MPa (2500 psi) was removed from service at the Wilsonville Solvent Refined Coal (SRC) plant when cracks were observed on the flange face. Metallographic examination revealed a system of cracks that penetrated a repair weld and extended into the base metal on the face where it was exposed to the process media. The cracking in the weld metal appeared to follow substructural boundaries. A second crack network initiated in the disturbed base metal beneath a ground surface and extended through a tenth of the flange thickness. Cracking in the base metal was transgranular. Neither the corroding species nor the local stress level responsible for the cracking can be specified.

This workshop proceedings describes the status of the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) and University of Arizona programs in the development of high-temperature microelectronic devices for geothermal well-logging applications.

The dc SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) is a very sensitive detector of changes in magnetic flux, and is becoming widely used as a magnetometer and as a voltmeter. The paper summarizes the noise limitations of the device and makes projections of its ultimate performance. A more detailed account of the work is to appear elsewhere.

Elementary nonlinear tearing mode theory in a two-dimensional cylindrical geometry is used to predict accurately the amplitude of the m = 2 poloidal magnetic field fluctuations (Mirnov oscillations) at the limiter of a tokamak. The input required is the electron temperature radial profile from which the safety factor profile can be inferred. The saturation amplitude of the m = 2 tearing mode is calculated from the safety factor profile using a nonlinear ..delta..' analysis. This gives an absolute result (no arbitrary factors) for the amplitude of the perturbation in the poloidal magnetic field everywhere, in particular, at the limiter. An analysis of ORMAK and T-4 safety factor profiles (inferred from electron temperature profiles) gives results that are in agreement with the experimental data. A study of a general profile shows that as a function of the safety factor at the limiter, a maximum occurs in the amplitude of the Mirnov oscillation. The magnitude of the maximum increases with a decrease in temperature near the limiter.

Spatial variability in sampling for soil uranium distribution by a polar coordinate system was evaluated in randomly selected soil cores at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. Variations for surface (0- to 2.5-cm-deep) soils were 0.18 at 10 m from the nuclear weapons test detonation point and 0.96 at 50 m. Results were strongly influenced by past uranium dispersal patterns, variable leaching of uranium debris, and surface water runoff. A total surface (0- to 5-cm) soil uranium inventory within a 12.6-ha circle centered on the E-F detonation point was estimated to be 3000 kg when calculated by soil uranium concentration isopleths and 4500 kg when using annuli of a polar coordinate sampling system. Uranium concentrations in tissues of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and pocket gophers (Thomomys bottae) were sufficiently different to conclude that the greater bioavailability of uranium in the top few millimeters of soil at E-F Site, combined with the difference in grooming and food habits of the animals, resulted in greater contamination of deer mice than of pocket gophers.

Third quarter results under a program to develop ion implantation and specialized, associated processes necessary to achieve automated production of silicon solar cells are described. An ion implantation facility development for solar cell production is described, and a design for an automated production implanter is presented. Also, solar cell development efforts using combined ion implantation and pulsed energy techniques are discussed. Cell performance comparisons have also been made in which junctions and back surface fields were prepared by diffusion and ion implantation. A model is presented to explain the mechanism of ion implantation damage annealing using pulsed energy sources. Functional requirements have been determined for a pulsed electron beam processor for annealing ion implantation damage at a rate compatible with a 100 milliampere ion implanter. These rates result in a throughput of 100 megawatts of solar cell product per year.

The sensitivity of x-ray absorption edge spectra and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) to the environment of metal atoms make x-ray absorption spectroscopy a useful probe of the environment of the molybdenum in nitrogenase. It is of particular interest to investigate any perturbations of the environment of the molybdenum due to the presence of nitrogenase substrates. The results of measurements of the x-ray absorption spectra of nitrogenase samples by the absorption and fluorescence detection techniques are compared. The procedures used for the growth of Azotobacter vinelandii for the production of nitrogenase and the procedures used for the purification of nitrogenase are described in detail.