None

Different stable elements, and some natural and man-made radionuclides, were used as tracers or associated in other ways with nuclear devices that were detonated at Bikini and Enewetak Atolls as part of the U.S. nuclear testing program from 1946 through 1958. The question has been raised whether any of these materials dispersed by the explosions could be of sufficient concentration in either the marine environment or on the coral islands to be of a health concern to people living, or planning to live, on the atolls. This report addresses that concern. An inventory of the materials involved during the test period was prepared and provided to us by the Office of Defense Programs (DP) of the United States Department of Energy (DOE). The materials that the DOE and the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) ask to be evaluated are--sulfur, arsenic, yttrium, tantalum, gold, rhodium, indium, tungsten, thallium, thorium-230,232 ({sup 230,232}Th), uranium-233,238 ({sup 233,238}U), polonium-210 ({sup 210}Po), curium-232 ({sup 232}Cu), and americium-241 ({sup 241}Am). The stable elements were used primarily as tracers for determining neutron energy and flux, and for other diagnostic purposes in the larger yield, multistage devices. It is reasonable to assume that these materials would be distributed …

During fiscal year 2000, a series of studies in support of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) was begun. The goal of these studies is to improve the verification, validation, and accreditation (VV&A) of hazard prediction and assessment models and capabilities. These studies are part of a larger joint VV&A collaborative effort that DTRA and the Department of Energy (DOE), via the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), are conducting. This joint effort includes comparisons of the LLNL and DTRA transport and dispersion (T&D) modeling systems, NARAC and HPAC, respectively. The purpose of this work is to compare, in a systematic way, HPAC and NARAC model predictions for a set of controlled hypothetical release scenarios. Only ''model-versus-model'' comparisons are addressed in this work. Model-to-field trial comparisons for HPAC and NARAC have been addressed in a recent companion study, in support of the same joint VV&A effort.

In the machines being developed for advanced hydrodynamic radiography, an electron beam of several kA current and 20 Mev particle energy is focused to less than a millimeter diameter onto a high atomic number target to produce bremstrahlung X-rays. Several pulses occur during a period of about 2 {micro}s. A plasma plume is predicted to move upstream from the target . If the final focus onto the target is in vacuum, then the plasma from an early pulse may neutralize the self-electric field of a later pulse causing over-focusing (1). Also positive ions may be accelerated upstream by the self-electric field of a beam focused onto a conducting target in vacuum (1,2). The ions neutralize part of the self-electric field and so cause a time varying change of focusing.

N/A

The objectives of this report are to develop, summarize, and interpret a series of detailed unclassified simulations that forecast the nature and extent of radionuclide release and near-field migration in groundwater away from the CHESHIRE underground nuclear test at Pahute Mesa at the NTS over 1000 yrs. Collectively, these results are called the CHESHIRE Hydrologic Source Term (HST). The CHESHIRE underground nuclear test was one of 76 underground nuclear tests that were fired below or within 100 m of the water table between 1965 and 1992 in Areas 19 and 20 of the NTS. These areas now comprise the Pahute Mesa Corrective Action Unit (CAU) for which a separate subregional scale flow and transport model is being developed by the UGTA Project to forecast the larger-scale migration of radionuclides from underground tests on Pahute Mesa. The current simulations are being developed, on one hand, to more fully understand the complex coupled processes involved in radionuclide migration, with a specific focus on the CHESHIRE test. While remaining unclassified, they are as site specific as possible and involve a level of modeling detail that is commensurate with the most fundamental processes, conservative assumptions, and representative data sets available. However, the simulation results …

Semiweekly newspaper from Boerne, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.

Transcript of an oral interview with Jim Yawn. Mr Yawn was born in 1918 and had two years of college by the time he was 20 which was the minimum age to get into the Navy flight program. He was sent to Miami, Florida for primary flight training; they had to fly thirty three hours before they were appointed as a cadet. They were transferred to Jacksonville for basic training and then to California after they got their wings. He asked for and received a transfer to the Marine Corps. After getting some time in PBYs, F-4Fs, SB-2Cs and a few other aircraft he had some crew training at El Centro and finished it up in Mojave, in the B-24. They were assigned an aircraft and left San Francisco at night so they could reach Hawaii in the daytime. Yawn talks about walking aboard the Arizona and it was still smoking; he said it was an eerie feeling. Yawn flew across the Pacific and ended up landing on Guadalcanal but most of the squadron was at Espiritu Santo; he was part of VMB-254. They did reconnaissance work over the New Georgia group, Rabaul and Bougainville. Then, they went to Bougainville …

Transcript of an oral interview with Elliott Ross. He discusses joining the Navy, being a landing craft coxswain carrying troops and supplies from ships to the shore in seven invasions: Guam, Leyte, Luzon, Santacristo, Iwo Jima, Okinawa and as an occupation force in Japan after the surrender. He talks mostly about Guam, Leyte, Luzon, Iwo Jima, Okinawa and Japan, but also mentions burials at sea and on the beachs, seeing his brother's ship get hit by torpedoes and the emotional toll of the war.

Transcript of an oral interview with Marvin Muse. Mr Muse signed up for the Navy at 17 years old (he was born May 20, 1927), took boot camp in San Diego, California followed by machinist mate school at Camp Farragut. After home leave, he was assigned to the USS Columbia (CL-56) which was in San Pedro, California, being repaired from damage it received in the Philippines; this was 1945. After a stop at Pearl Harbor, the Columbia sailed to Borneo in the Dutch East Indies. They bombarded Balikpapan, softening up the beaches, for the invasion. The Columbia was part of a Cruiser Division. They left Borneo and were headed for Okinawa when the Columbia ran into a tethered mine field. The mines didn't go off but the mine cables got tangled up in the starboard screws. After repairs at Guam, the Columbia continued on to Okinawa but the island had been declared secure by then. The Cruiser Division made sorties up into the South China Sea, the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan where they engaged the Japanese who were trying to get troops and munitions out of China, Korea and Manchuria. Muse states it was just a turkey …

Acidic, radioactive wastes with a high nitrate concentration, and containing mercury are currently being stored at the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC). In the past, these wastes were converted into a dry, granular solid by a high temperature fluidized-bed calcination process. In the future, the calcined solids may be immobilized by a vitrification process prior to disposal. It has been proposed that a vitrification facility be built to treat the acidic wastes, as well as the calcined solids. As was the case with the calcination process, NOx levels in the vitrification off-gas are expected to be high, and mercury emissions are expected to exceed the Maximum Control Technology (MACT) limits. Mitigation of mercury emissions by wet scrubbing, followed by adsorption onto activated carbon is being investigated. Scoping tests with sulfur-impregnated activated carbon, KCl-impregnated activated carbon and non-impregnated activated carbon were conducted with a test gas containing1% NO2, 28% H2O, 4% O2 and 67% N2. Average removal efficiencies for Hgo and HgCl2 were 100 ± 2.5% and 99 ± 3.6% respectively, for sulfur-impregnated carbon. The KCl-impregnated carbon removed 99 ± 4.6% HgCl2. The removal efficiency of the non-impregnated carbon was 99 ± 3.6% for HgCl2. No short-term detrimental effects …

The twenty-third IEA Wind Energy Annual Report reviews the progress during 2000 of the activities in the Implementing Agreement for Co-operation in the Research and Development on Wind Turbine Systems under the auspices of the International Energy Agency (IEA). The agreement and its program, which is known as IEA R&D Wind, is a collaborative venture among 19 contracting parties from 17 IEA member countries and the European Commission.

The pulsed nature of the irradiation and the high neutron dose are the critical factors in an Inertial Fusion Energy reactor (IFE). The damage that structural materials suffer under these extremes conditions require a careful study and assessment. The goal of our work is to simulate, trough the multiscale modeling approach, the damage accumulation in {alpha}-Fe under conditions relevant to a IFE Reactor. We discuss how the pulse frequency, 1 Hz, 10 Hz, and the dose rate of 10{_} and 10{_}dpa/s affect the damage production and accumulation. Results of the damage that this demanding environment can produce on a protected first structural exposed to 150 keV average recoil ion will be presented. A further comparison it has been made with the damage produced by a continuous irradiation at similar average dose.

The isotope {sup 236}Pu in the weapons-grade plutonium to be used in the US MOX (mixed-oxide) plant is of concern because the daughter products of {sup 236}Pu are sources of high-energy gamma rays. The {sup 208}Tl daughter of {sup 236}Pu emits intense, high-energy gamma rays that are important for radiation exposure calculations for plant design. It is generally thought that the concentrations of {sup 236}Pu and its daughters are well below 10{sup {minus}10}, but these concentrations are generally below the detection limits of most analytical techniques. One technique that can be used to determine the concentration {sup 208}Tl is the direct measurement of the intensity of the {sup 208}Tl gamma rays in the gamma-ray spectrum from plutonium. Thallium-208 will be in equilibrium with {sup 228}Th, and may very well be in equilibrium with {sup 232}U for most aged plutonium samples. We have used the FRAM isotopic analysis software to analyze dozens of archived high-resolution gamma ray spectra from various samples of US and foreign plutonium. We are able to quantify the ratio of minor isotopes with measurable gamma-ray emissions to the major isotope of plutonium and hence, through the measurement of the plutonium isotopic distribution of the sample, to elemental …

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.

Transcript of an oral interview with Jim Yawn. Mr Yawn was born in 1918 and had two years of college by the time he was 20 which was the minimum age to get into the Navy flight program. He was sent to Miami, Florida for primary flight training; they had to fly thirty three hours before they were appointed as a cadet. They were transferred to Jacksonville for basic training and then to California after they got their wings. He asked for and received a transfer to the Marine Corps. After getting some time in PBYs, F-4Fs, SB-2Cs and a few other aircraft he had some crew training at El Centro and finished it up in Mojave, in the B-24. They were assigned an aircraft and left San Francisco at night so they could reach Hawaii in the daytime. Yawn talks about walking aboard the Arizona and it was still smoking; he said it was an eerie feeling. Yawn flew across the Pacific and ended up landing on Guadalcanal but most of the squadron was at Espiritu Santo; he was part of VMB-254. They did reconnaissance work over the New Georgia group, Rabaul and Bougainville. Then, they went to Bougainville …

Transcript of an oral interview with Elliott Ross. He discusses joining the Navy, being a landing craft coxswain carrying troops and supplies from ships to the shore in seven invasions: Guam, Leyte, Luzon, Santacristo, Iwo Jima, Okinawa and as an occupation force in Japan after the surrender. He talks mostly about Guam, Leyte, Luzon, Iwo Jima, Okinawa and Japan, but also mentions burials at sea and on the beachs, seeing his brother's ship get hit by torpedoes and the emotional toll of the war.

Transcript of an oral interview with Marvin Muse. Mr Muse signed up for the Navy at 17 years old (he was born May 20, 1927), took boot camp in San Diego, California followed by machinist mate school at Camp Farragut. After home leave, he was assigned to the USS Columbia (CL-56) which was in San Pedro, California, being repaired from damage it received in the Philippines; this was 1945. After a stop at Pearl Harbor, the Columbia sailed to Borneo in the Dutch East Indies. They bombarded Balikpapan, softening up the beaches, for the invasion. The Columbia was part of a Cruiser Division. They left Borneo and were headed for Okinawa when the Columbia ran into a tethered mine field. The mines didn't go off but the mine cables got tangled up in the starboard screws. After repairs at Guam, the Columbia continued on to Okinawa but the island had been declared secure by then. The Cruiser Division made sorties up into the South China Sea, the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan where they engaged the Japanese who were trying to get troops and munitions out of China, Korea and Manchuria. Muse states it was just a turkey …

Photograph of the Thomas, Jr & Mary Kraitchar House in Caldwell, Texas.

Photograph of the Thomas, Jr & Mary Kraitchar House in Caldwell, Texas.

Photograph of the Thomas, Jr & Mary Kraitchar House in Caldwell, Texas.

Photograph of the Thomas, Jr & Mary Kraitchar House in Caldwell, Texas.

Photograph of the Thomas, Jr & Mary Kraitchar House in Caldwell, Texas.

Photograph of the Thomas, Jr & Mary Kraitchar House in Caldwell, Texas.