Experimental tests of quantum chromodynamics are discussed in the e/sup +/e/sup -/ continuum, in pp and anti p p collisions, in measurements of ..cap alpha../sub s/ from UPSILON decays, in deep inelastic lepton scattering, and in the measurement of the photon structure function. A large body of data relating to the testing of quantum chromodynamics is reviewed, showing qualitative agreement between the data from a wide range of processes and QCD. 66 refs., 79 figs. (LEW)

One of the main objectives of this project is to investigate the low temperature ([le] 290[degrees]C) depolymerization-liquefaction reactions of representative US coals using a 3-step procedure recently developed in our Laboratory. The procedure involves subjecting the coal first to two consecutive depolymerization steps in which different types of intercluster linkages are subjected to preferential cleavage. The depolymerized products obtained have low molecular weights and consist predominantly of monocluster compounds. In the third step of the procedure these simplified depolymerization products are subjected to hydroprocessing and attendant exhaustive hydrodeoxygenation to yield light liquid hydrocarbon mixtures as main products. It is planned under the research program to adapt and optimize the above indicated procedure for US coals of different rank, and to examine the feasibility of the new processing concept for conversion of these coals into light liquid hydrocarbon fuels. A second major objective of the research program is to subject the lowtemperature depolymerization products (obtained by the first two consecutive steps) to exhaustive structural analysis for the purpose of deriving average structural models for the coals under investigation. Such models are expected to be useful as fingerprints for identification and differentiation of various representative US coals.

This report was prepared for the Semiconductor Industry and the National Laboratories Workshop held at the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, February 24, 1987. It details the current Sandia program activities relevant to microelectronics fabrication.

Analysis of the solid phase of portland cement specimens by energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry before and after leaching provided elemental profiles within the cement. Releases of potassium were calculated from the solid phase profiles and were compared to releases determined from leachate analyses of potassium and cesium-137. The fraction of potassium released in the leachate was found to correlate closely to that of cesium-137 under varying time and temperature conditions, despite the different manner in which each was originally contained in the cement. Agreement was obtained among potassium releases as determined from the solid, potassium in the leachate and cesium-137 in the leachate. These correlations allowed the use of potassium as an analog for cesium-137 in cement. Profiles of potassium in the solid showed varying degrees of depletion. A specimen, sectioned immediately after leaching for 471 days, showed complete removal of potassium to 9 mm depth from the specimens surface. From 9 mm to the center of the specimen, an apparently linear increase in concentration was observed. Specimens that had been air dried prior to sectioning had profiles that were produced by evaporative transport of dissolved species toward the surface. Carbonation of the surface appears to have retarded migration of …

This report presents an economic feasibility study for a wood-gasification-based methanol plant. The objectives were to evaluate the current commercial potential of a small-scale, wood-fed methanol plant using the SERI oxygen-blown, pressurized, down-draft gasifier technology and to identify areas requiring further R and D. The gasifier gas composition and material balance were based on a computer model of the SERI gasifier since acceptable test data were not available. The estimated capital cost was based on the Nth plant constructed. Given the small size and commercial nature of most of the equipment, N was assumed to be between 5 and 10. Only large discrepancies in gasifier output would result in significant charges in capital costs. 47 figs., 55 tabs.

The objective of the TFE program is to demonstrate the technological readiness of a thermionic fuel element suitable for use as the basic element in a thermionic reactor with electric power output in the .5 to 5.0 MWe range, with a full-power life of 7 years. This report summarizes the technical results obtained in this program. Information presented here contains evaluated test data, designs, and experimental results. (JDB)

A method for measuring the in situ flow properties of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) sludges has been developed at Pacific Northwest Laboratory, along with a preconceptual design for a shear vane device that can be installed in underground HLW storage tanks and used to make those measurements remotely. The data obtained with this device will assist in the design of mixing equipment used to resuspend and remove HLW sludges from their storage tanks for downstream processing. This method is also suitable for remotely characterizing other types of waste sludges and slurries. Commonly available viscometric methods were adapted to allow characterization of sludge samples in the laboratory such that the laboratory and in-tank data can be directly compared (scaled up). Procedures for conducting measurements and analyzing the results in terms of useful mathematical models describing both start-up and steady-state flow behavior are presented, as is a brief tutorial on the types of flow behavior that can be exhibited by tank sludges. 30 refs., 36 figs., 14 tabs.

We report recent results on charmed meson decays, obtained using the Mark III detector at SPEAR. The first topic discussed is the observation of e/sup +/e/sup -/ ..-->.. D/sub s/D/sub s/* at ..sqrt..s = 4.14 GeV. The D/sub s/* is detected as a peak in the mass distribution recoiling from D/sub s//sup + -/ ..-->.. phi..pi../sup + -/. The mass of the D/sub s/* is found to be (2109.3 +- 2.1 +- 3.1)MeV/c/sup 2/, yielding a D/sub s/*-D/sub s/ mass difference of (137.9 +- 2.1 +- 4.3) MeV/c/sup 2/. The production cross section times branching ratio is also measured. Next, a search for the decay D/sup +/ ..-->.. ..mu../sup +/nu/sub ..mu../ is described. A preliminary upper limit (90% CL) on B(D/sup +/ ..-->.. ..mu../sup +/nu/sub ..mu../) of 8.4 x 10/sup -4/ is obtained, corresponding to an upper limit on the decay constant f/sub D/ of 340 MeV/c/sup 2/. Finally, we present results of a search for the lepton family number violating decay D/sup 0/ ..-->.. ..mu..e. We find B(D/sup 0/ ..-->.. ..mu..e) < 1.5 x 10/sup -4/ at 90% CL.

We investigate the stability of a static, infinitely long and straight vacuum string solution under inhomogeneous axisymmetric time-dependent perturbations. We find it to be perturbatively stable. We further extend our work by finding a string solutions in an expanding Universe. The back reaction of the string on the gravitational field has been ignored. The background is assumed to be a Friedman-Robertson-Walker (FRW) cosmology. By numerically integrating the field equations in a radiation and matter dominated models, we discover oscillatory solutions. The possible damping of these oscillations is discussed. For late times the solution becomes identical to the static one studied in the first part of the paper. 19 refs., 8 figs.

An analytic model is developed and used to study the phenomenon of flow reversal which is observed in two-dimensional simulations of divertor plasmas. The effect is shown to be caused by the radial spread of neutral particles emitted from the divertor target which can lead to a strong peaking of the ionization source at certain radial locations. The results indicate that flow reversal over a portion of the width of the scrape-off layer is inevitable in high recycling conditions. Implications for impurity transport and particle removal in reactors are discussed.

The plasma described in this report is generated by a 15 to 34 kV ion beam, consisting primarily of protons, passing through an H/sub 2/ gas cell neutralizer. Plasma ions (or ion-electron pairs) are produced by electron capture from (or ionization of) gas molecules by beam ions and atoms. An explanation is provided for the observed anomalous behavior of the electron temperature (T/sub e/): a step-lite, nearly two-fold jump in T/sub e/ as the beam current approaches that which minimizes beam angular divergence; insensitivity of T/sub e/ to gas pressure; and the linear relation of T/sub e/ to beam energy.

Drillhole DOE-2 was drilled to investigate a structural depression marked by the downward displacement of stratigraphic markers in the Salado Formation. Contrary to several hypotheses, halite layers were thicker in the lower part of the Salado, not thinner as a result of any removal of halite. The upper Castile anhydrite in Drillhole DOE-2 is anomalously thick and is strongly deformed relative to the anhydrite in adjacent drillholes. In contrast, the halite was <8 ft thick and significantly thinner than usually encountered. The lower Castile anhydrite appears to be normal. The depression within the correlated marker beds in the Salado Formation in Drillhole DOE-2 is interpreted as a result of gravity-driven deformation of the underlying Castile Formation. Several stratigraphic units were hydrologically tested in Drillhole DOE-2. Testing of the unsaturated lower portion of the Dewey Lake Red Beds was unsuccessful because of exceptionally small rates of fluid intake. Drill-stem tests were conducted in five intervals in the Rustler Formation, over the Marker Bed 138-139 interval in the Salado formation, and over three sandstone members of the Bell Canyon Formation. A pumping test was conducted in the Culebra Dolomite Member of the Rustler Formation. Pressure-pulse tests were conducted over the entire Salado …

This document shows analytic solutions to the problem of contaminant dispersion from an array of point sources in a waste disposal site. These solutions are for waste sources in a fluid-saturated porous medium, and may be for isotropic or anisotropic dispersion. The solutions are illustrated through isopleths of contaminants for a planar array of point sources perpendicular to ground-water flow. The concentration fields several meters away from this plane can be approximated by equivalent plane sources. 2 refs., 4 figs.

The J-vector x B-vector forces associated with the surface current of a plasma-filled ion diode will accelerate this plasma fill toward the anode surface. It is well known that such a configuration with a high I is susceptible to the hydromagnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability in certain geometries. A number of ion diode plasma sources have been proposed, most of which have a falling density going away from the wall. A somewhat more unstable case, however, is that of uniform density. In this report we attempt to establish an upper limit on this effect with a simple analytic model in which a uniform-density plasma is accelerated by the magnetic field anticipated in a PBFA-II diode. We estimate the number of linear e-foldings experienced by an unstable surface as well as the most damaging wavelength initial perturbation. This model, which accounts approximately for stabilization due to field diffusion, suggests that even with a uniform fill, densities in excess of a few 10/sup 15/ are probably not damaged by the instability. In addition, even lower densities might be tolerated if perturbations near the most damaging wavelength can be kept very small.

During Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987, Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) achieved several major milestones: (1) a Site Access Agreement with San Diego Gas and Electric Company was signed and since renewed for Fiscal Year 1987; (2) the PNL field laboratory was moved from East Mesa to the Heber Binary Plant; (3) a subcontract was let to a commercial supplier of pH probes to build advanced transistor-based pH sensors; (4) a field test determined response of the transistor-based pH probes to Heber brines; (5) a filter test was performed to look at scaling tendencies of the Heber plant brine if it were cooled below 150/sup 0/F; and (6) two prototype particle counters based on ultrasonic sound and a laser beam scattering were tested in the laboratory and subjected to one field test.

The Twentieth Annual LAMPF Users Group Meeting was held October 27-28, 1986, at the Clinton P. Anderson Meson Physics Facility. The program included a number of invited talks on various aspects of nuclear and particle physics as well as status reports on LAMPF and discussions of upgrade options. The LAMPF working groups met and discussed plans for the secondary beam lines, experimental programs, and computing facilities. Individual papers have been cataloged separately.

Issues addressed were the adequacy of the data for the various models, effectiveness of the models to represent the data, particular information provided by the models, the role of caisson experiments in providing fundamental knowledge of porous-media water flow and solute transport, and the importance of geochemistry to the transport of nonconservative tracers. These proceedings include the presentations made by each of the modelers; the summary document written by the panel; and a transcript of the discussions, both the discussions that followed individual presentations and the general discussion held on the second day. This publication completes the series on the workshop. Volume I in the series (NUREG/CR-4615, Vol. I) contains background information and the data sets provided each modeler.

A much improved version of our gas-filled spectrometer for heavy-ion-induced fusion reactions is described. This instrument (SASSY II) is of the type D-Q-D wherein the dipoles are made with strong vertically-focussing gradients. The problems associated with experiments with cross sections in the picobarn range are discussed. In such experiments, it is necessary to identify single atoms with a high degree of confidence.

A scheme was developed for the determination of oxidation states of plutonium in environmental samples. The method involves a combination of solvent extractions and coprecipitation. It was tested on solutions with both high-level and trace-level concentrations. The scheme was used to determine Pu oxidation states in solutions from solubility experiments in groundwater from a potential nuclear waste disposal site. At steady-state conditions, Pu was found to be soluble predominantly as Pu(V) and Pu(VI).

An overview of the present capabilities of the NSLS 750 MeV VUV ring and the 2.5 GeV x-ray ring is presented. Emphasis is placed on performance of the now operational facility, the efforts to improve this performance, a description of the ''Phase II'' upgrade, and outlook for the future.

The Initial Engine Test Decommissioning Project is described in this report. The Initial Engine Test facility was constructed and operated at the National Reactor Testing Station, now known as the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, to support the Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion Program and the Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary Power Transient test program, circa 1950 through 1960s. Due to the severe nature of these nuclear test programs, a significant amount of radioactive contamination was deposited in various portions of the Initial Engine Test Facility. Characterizations, decision analyses, and plans for decontamination and decommissioning were prepared from 1982 through 1985. Decontamination and decommissioning activities were performed in such a way that no radiological health or safety hazard to the public or to personnel at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory remains. These decontamination and decommissioning activities began in 1985 and were completed in 1987. 13 figs.

This paper is targetted at personnel who have the responsibility of designing the radiation shielding against neutron fluences created when protons interact with matter. Shielding of walls and roofs are discussed, as well as neutron dose leakage through labyrinths. Experimental data on neutron flux attenuation are considered, as well as some calculations using the intranuclear cascade calculations and parameterizations.

Degassing of the TFTR graphite limiter by low density deuterium or helium discharges enables the limiter to pump deuterium, thereby reducing recycling and improving energy confinement in neutral-beam-heated discharges. During a helium degassing sequence the hydrogen influx decreased by a factor of 20. As a consequence of degassing sequences the low density limit in 0.8 mA deuterium discharges decreased from 1 x 10/sup 19/ m/sup -3/ to 0.5 x 10/sup 19/ m/sup -3/, the density-decay time dropped from greater than 10 s to 0.15 s, and the recycling coefficient dropped from nearly 1 to less than 0.4. Z/sub eff/ values in 2.2 MA L-mode discharges on the toroidal limiter with neutral-beam-heating power up to 15 MW are between 2 and 3 if the pre-beam plasma has low Z/sub eff/ (high density), but can be as high as 4.5 if the pre-beam target has high Z/sub eff/ (low density). Z/sub eff/ values in enhanced confinement shots drop from 7 during the ohmic phase to 3 with neutral beam heating. The radiated power drops from 60 to 70% of total heating power to 30 to 35% for beam powers from 10 to 20 MW.

Medicine Lake Volcano, a broad shield volcano about 50 km east of Mount Shasta in northern California, produced rhylotic eruptions as recently as 400 years ago. Because of this recent activity it is of considerable interest to producers of geothermal energy. The USGS and LLNL conducted an active seismic experiment designed to explore the area beneath and around the caldera. This experiment had two purposes: To produce high-quality velocity and attenuation images of the young magma body presumed to be the source for the young volcanic features, and to collect a dataset that can be used to develop and test seismic imaging methods that may be useful for understanding other geothermal systems. Eight large explosions were detonated in a 50 km radius circle around the volcano, a distance chosen to produce strong upward traveling signals through the area of interest. The data were inverted using Aki's method to produce three-dimensional velocity and attenuation images of the sub-surface. Preliminary interpretation shows low velocity and attenuation on the flanks of the volcano, and coincident high attenuation values and low velocities (-20%) from 3 to 5 km beneath the center of the caldera. This zone may be a region of partial melt which …