Resource Type

1995 Study and evaluation of fugitive and diffuse emissions from the 200 East Area at the Hanford Site (open access)

1995 Study and evaluation of fugitive and diffuse emissions from the 200 East Area at the Hanford Site

The objective of this study is to evaluate Hanford`s major diffuse emission sources in the 200 East Area and evaluate the effectiveness of monitoring these sources collectively. The results from this evaluation may also be utilized to demonstrate Westinghouse`s compliance status with the applicable air emissions regulations and determine if additional studies and/or evaluations are necessary. Air sampling will be conducted downwind of the 200 East Area. This site has been chosen as being representative of most large diffuse sources located on the Hanford waste sites. A review of the 1993 ambient air data indicated that {sup 137}C was detectable in this area. This study will take place during February to August of 1995. This time period will enable the collection of sufficient data to assess diffuse radionuclide emissions from the 200 East Area waste sites. This study will use existing ambient air monitoring stations supplemented with temporary air monitoring stations. Plots of the 1993 average concentrations of {sup 137}Cs and {sup 90}Sr collected from the existing stations may be found in Appendix A. Upon completion of this evaluation a recommendation will be made to perform additional sampling studies, or to discontinue further data gathering based on the evaluation`s results.
Date: January 3, 1995
Creator: Schmidt, J. W. & Gleckler, B. P.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Engineering task plan for flammable gas atmosphere mobile color video camera systems (open access)

Engineering task plan for flammable gas atmosphere mobile color video camera systems

This Engineering Task Plan (ETP) describes the design, fabrication, assembly, and testing of the mobile video camera systems. The color video camera systems will be used to observe and record the activities within the vapor space of a tank on a limited exposure basis. The units will be fully mobile and designed for operation in the single-shell flammable gas producing tanks. The objective of this tank is to provide two mobile camera systems for use in flammable gas producing single-shell tanks (SSTs) for the Flammable Gas Tank Safety Program. The camera systems will provide observation, video recording, and monitoring of the activities that occur in the vapor space of applied tanks. The camera systems will be designed to be totally mobile, capable of deployment up to 6.1 meters into a 4 inch (minimum) riser.
Date: January 25, 1995
Creator: Kohlman, E. H.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Spent nuclear fuel discharges from US reactors 1993 (open access)

Spent nuclear fuel discharges from US reactors 1993

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) administers the Nuclear Fuel Data Survey, Form RW-859. This form is used to collect data on fuel assemblies irradiated at commercial nuclear reactors operating in the United States, and the current inventories and storage capacities of those reactors. These data are important to the design and operation of the equipment and facilities that DOE will use for the future acceptance, transportation, and disposal of spent fuels. The data collected and presented identifies trends in burnup, enrichment, and spent nuclear fuel discharged form commercial light-water reactor as of December 31, 1993. The document covers not only spent nuclear fuel discharges; but also site capacities and inventories; canisters and nonfuel components; and assembly type characteristics.
Date: February 1, 1995
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Magnetically controlled deposition of metals using gas plasma. Quarterly progress report, October 1994--December 1994 (open access)

Magnetically controlled deposition of metals using gas plasma. Quarterly progress report, October 1994--December 1994

The objective of the grant is to develop a method of spraying materials on a substrate in a controlled manner to eliminate the waste inherent in present plating processes. The process under consideration is magnetically controlled plasma spraying. The project continues to be on schedule. The field equations have been developed and were reported in the April-June 1994 Progress Report. The equations for the external magnetic field were reported in the July-September 1994 progress report. The field equations have been cast in a format that allows solution using Finite Element (FE) techniques. The development of the computer code that will allow evaluation of the proposed technique and design of an experiment to prove the proposed process is underway.
Date: February 1, 1995
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography with a toroid cavity detector (open access)

Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography with a toroid cavity detector

A new type of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tomography has been developed at Argonne National Laboratory. The method uses the strong radio frequency field gradient within a cylindrical toroid cavity to provide high-resolution NMR spectral information while simultaneously resolving distances on the micron scale. The toroid cavity imaging technique differs from conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in that NMR structural information is not lost during signal processing. The new technique could find a wide range of applications in the characterization of surface layers and in the production of advanced materials. Potential areas of application include in situ monitoring of growth sites during ceramic formation processes, analysis of the oxygen annealing step for wires coated with high-temperature superconducting films, and investigation of the reaction chemistry as a function of distance within the diffusion layer for electrochemical processes.
Date: February 1, 1995
Creator: Woelk, K.; Rathke, J. W. & Klingler, R. J.
System: The UNT Digital Library
AFC generator development (open access)

AFC generator development

By adapting the disk generator tested by Fowler, Hoeberling, and Marsh, the advanced flux compression (AFC) generator is able to produce a maximum dI/dt that is greater than 3 MA/{mu}s. This current rise characteristic results in an inductive voltage across a 0.5-nH load of {ge} 1.5 kV. This has been achieved with high gain, low loss, and a compact size. The AFC generator has been tested in four shots, and is performing beyond initial goals.
Date: February 1, 1995
Creator: Freeman, B. L.; Fowler, C. M.; Sheppard, M. G. & Sowder, K. D.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Reporting continuous releases of hazardous and extremely hazardous substances under CERCLA and EPCRA (open access)

Reporting continuous releases of hazardous and extremely hazardous substances under CERCLA and EPCRA

This guidance is designed to provide basic instruction to US DOE and DOE operations contractor personnel on how to characterize CERCLA and EPCRA hazardous substance releases as continuous and how to prepare and deliver continuousreleasee reports to Federal, State, and local authorities. DOE staff should use this guidance as an overview of the continuous release requirements, a quick ready reference guide for specific topics concerning continuous releases and a step-by-step guide for the process of identifying and reporting continuous releases.
Date: January 1, 1995
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
Computational and experimental studies of hydrodynamic instabilities and turbulent mixing (Review of NVIIEF efforts) (open access)

Computational and experimental studies of hydrodynamic instabilities and turbulent mixing (Review of NVIIEF efforts)

This report describes an extensive program of investigations conducted at Arzamas-16 in Russia over the past several decades. The focus of the work is on material interface instability and the mixing of two materials. Part 1 of the report discusses analytical and computational studies of hydrodynamic instabilities and turbulent mixing. The EGAK codes are described and results are illustrated for several types of unstable flow. Semiempirical turbulence transport equations are derived for the mixing of two materials, and their capabilities are illustrated for several examples. Part 2 discusses the experimental studies that have been performed to investigate instabilities and turbulent mixing. Shock-tube and jelly techniques are described in considerable detail. Results are presented for many circumstances and configurations.
Date: February 1, 1995
Creator: Andronov, V. A.; Zhidov, I. G.; Meskov, E. E.; Nevmerzhitskii, N. V.; Nikiforov, V. V.; Razin, A. N. et al.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Stewards of a national resource (open access)

Stewards of a national resource

Events of the past several years have had a profound impact on the mission of the Department of Energy. Most notably, the end of the Cold War has made it possible for us to reorient our mission from primarily the design, production, and testing of nuclear weapons toward: increasing efficiency and the choice of energy sources, supporting basic and applied research in science and technology, addressing environmental quality issues, improving industrial competitiveness, and a continued contribution to a secure national defense. These changes in direction will have a lasting effect on all of us. In all our efforts we have emphasized the need to earn trust and build partnerships. This booklet tells the story of a part of this change: new uses for our 50 major sites encompassing 2.4 million acres of land and billions of dollars worth of facilities. These new uses will reach beyond beating swords into plowshares and cleaning up our production facilities. They will include ecosystem protection, economic development, and industrial competitiveness. This is our future. None of this will be successful without the meaningful participation of our stakeholders: businesses and entrepreneurs, citizen groups, neighbors of our sites, government officials, and the American public as a …
Date: January 1, 1995
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
New methods for determination of interstitial liquid levels in Hanford waste tanks (open access)

New methods for determination of interstitial liquid levels in Hanford waste tanks

The key to the leak detection program for many tanks at Hanford is the method used to evaluate the apparent interstitial liquid interface (ILL) within the pore space of the solid waste medium (either crystalline or sludge). Three new approaches were introduced in the summer of 1993 (count rate, derivative, and sigmoid), all of which significantly improved the accuracy and repeatability of interstitial liquid level values from neutron survey data. This paper summarizes the three new methods and details a case study in which, as a direct result of this improved analysis, a tank that had been declared an ``assumed leaker`` was reclassified as ``sound`` for the first time in Hanford`s 50 year history.
Date: January 1, 1995
Creator: Barnes, D. A.; Raymond, R. E. & Whitney, P. D.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Oil and gas resources of the Fergana Basin (Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan, and Kyrgyzstan) (open access)

Oil and gas resources of the Fergana Basin (Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan, and Kyrgyzstan)

This analysis is part of the Energy Information Administration`s (EIA`s) Foreign Energy Supply Assessment Program (FESAP). This one for the Fergana Basin is an EIA first for republics of the former Soviet Union (FSU). This was a trial study of data availability and methodology, resulting in a reservoir-level assessment of ultimate recovery for both oil and gas. Ultimate recovery, as used here, is the sum of cumulative production and remaining Proved plus Probable reserves as of the end of 1987. Reasonable results were obtained when aggregating reservoir-level values to the basin level, and in determining general but important distributions of across-basin reservoir and fluid parameters. Currently, this report represents the most comprehensive assessment publicly available for oil and gas in the Fergana Basin. This full report provides additional descriptions, discussions and analysis illustrations that are beneficial to those considering oil and gas investments in the Fergana Basin. 57 refs., 22 figs., 6 tabs.
Date: January 1, 1995
Creator: unknown
System: The UNT Digital Library
NREL airfoil families for HAWTs (open access)

NREL airfoil families for HAWTs

The development of special-purpose airfoils for horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs) began in 1984 as a joint effort between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), formerly the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), and Airfoils, Incorporated. Since that time seven airfoil families have been designed for various size rotors using the Eppler Airfoil Design and Analysis Code. A general performance requirement of the new airfoil families is that they exhibit a maximum lift coefficient (c{sub l,max}) which is relatively insensitive to roughness effects. The airfoil families address the needs of stall-regulated, variable-pitch, and variable-rpm wind turbines. For stall-regulated rotors, better peak-power control is achieved through the design of tip airfoils that restrain the maximum lift coefficient. Restrained maximum lift coefficient allows the use of more swept disc area for a given generator size. Also, for stall-regulated rotors, tip airfoils with high thickness are used to accommodate overspeed control devices. For variable-pitch and variable-rpm rotors, tip airfoils having a high maximum lift coefficient lend themselves to lightweight blades with low solidity. Tip airfoils having low thickness result in less drag for blades having full-span pitch control. Annual energy improvements from the NREL airfoil families are projected to be 23% to 35% for stall-regulated …
Date: January 1, 1995
Creator: Tangler, J L & Somers, D M
System: The UNT Digital Library
Kaiser Engineers Hanford internal position paper -- Project W-236A, Multi-function Waste Tank Facility -- Peer reviews of selected activities (open access)

Kaiser Engineers Hanford internal position paper -- Project W-236A, Multi-function Waste Tank Facility -- Peer reviews of selected activities

The purpose of this paper is to develop and document a proposed position on the performance of independent peer reviews on selected design and analysis components of the Title 1 [Preliminary] and Title 2 [Final] design phases of the Multi-Function Waste Tank Facility [MWTF] project. An independent, third-party peer review is defined as a documented critical review of documents, data, designs, design inputs, tests, calculations, or related materials. The peer review should be conducted by persons independent of those who performed the work, but who are technically qualified to perform the original work. The peer review is used to assess the validity of assumptions and functional requirements, to assess the appropriateness and logic of selected methodologies and design inputs, and to verify calculations, analyses and computer software. The peer review can be conducted at the end of the design activity, at specific stages of the design process, or continuously and concurrently with the design activity. This latter method is often referred to as ``Continuous Peer Review.``
Date: January 4, 1995
Creator: Stine, M. D.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Integration of video and radiation analysis data (open access)

Integration of video and radiation analysis data

For the past several years, the integration of containment and surveillance (C/S) with nondestructive assay (NDA) sensors for monitoring the movement of nuclear material has focused on the hardware and communications protocols in the transmission network. Little progress has been made in methods to utilize the combined C/S and NDA data for safeguards and to reduce the inspector time spent in nuclear facilities. One of the fundamental problems in the integration of the combined data is that the two methods operate in different dimensions. The C/S video data is spatial in nature; whereas, the NDA sensors provide radiation levels versus time data. The authors have introduced a new method to integrate spatial (digital video) with time (radiation monitoring) information. This technology is based on pattern recognition by neural networks, provides significant capability to analyze complex data, and has the ability to learn and adapt to changing situations. This technique has the potential of significantly reducing the frequency of inspection visits to key facilities without a loss of safeguards effectiveness.
Date: December 31, 1995
Creator: Menlove, H. O.; Howell, J. A.; Rodriguez, C. A.; Eccleston, G. W.; Beddingfield, D.; Smith, J. E. et al.
System: The UNT Digital Library
BCP selector valves and limit switches (open access)

BCP selector valves and limit switches

This Acceptance Test Procedure (ATP) has been prepared to demonstrate that the Electrical/Instrumentation systems for the BCP stream function as required by project criteria. Specifically, the test will verify the operation of the solenoid valves and associated limit switches installed for the BCP portion of W-OO7H. This equipment is part of the B-Plant Process Condensate Treatment Facility.
Date: January 9, 1995
Creator: Rippy, G. L.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Human retroviruses and AIDS 1994 (open access)

Human retroviruses and AIDS 1994

This compendium, including accompanying floppy diskettes, is the result of an effort to compile and rapidly publish all relevant molecular data concerning the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) and related retroviruses. The scope of the compendium and database is best summarized by the five parts it comprises: (I) Nucleic Acid Alignments and Sequences; (II) Amino Acid Alignments; (III) Analysis; (IV) Related Sequences; (V) Database communications.
Date: January 1, 1995
Creator: Myers, G.; Korber, B.; Wain-Hobson, S.; Jeang, Kuan-Teh; Henderson, L. E. & Pavlakis, G. N.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Use of Labeled Primers for Differential Display (open access)

Use of Labeled Primers for Differential Display

Two artifacts introduced in using differential display technology are (1) random priming from dT present from affinity purification of PolyA+ RNA and (2) hybridization of the arbitrary primer to template target sequences on both cDNA strands. We have developed a method eliminating both problems. By separately using 5`-end-labeled (T){sub 12}XY and arbitrary primers to label bands and comparing two differential display patterns, we can detect only those products incorporating the (T){sub 12}XY primer on the 3` ends and the arbitrary primer on 5` ends. Those bands that are generated randomly in the PCR are readily detectable and can be ignored.
Date: January 1, 1995
Creator: Paunesku, Tatjana & Woloschak, Gayle E.
System: The UNT Digital Library
242-A Evaporator Condensate Tank (TK-C-100) tie down evaluation (open access)

242-A Evaporator Condensate Tank (TK-C-100) tie down evaluation

The existing Condensate Tank (TK-C-100) in the 242-A Evaporator building is not anchored to the floor slab. This tank is a Safety Class 3 sitting in a Safety Class 2 building. The tank needed to be evaluated to withstand the seismic loads. Anchor bolts have been designed to hold the tank during the seismic event.
Date: January 23, 1995
Creator: Hundal, T. S.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Diffuse and fugitive emission dose assessment on the Hanford Site (open access)

Diffuse and fugitive emission dose assessment on the Hanford Site

On February 3, 1993, the US Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office (RL), received a Compliance Order and Information Request from the Director of the Air and Toxics Division of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region 10. The Compliance Order requires RL to (1) evaluate all radionuclide emission points at the Hanford Site to determine which are subject to continuous emission measurement requirements in 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 61, Subpart H, and (2) continuously measure radionuclide emissions in accordance with 40 CFR 61.93. The Information Request requires RL to provide a written Compliance Plan to meet the requirements of the Compliance Order. The RL Compliance Plan included as one of its milestones the requirement to develop a Federal Facility Compliance Agreement (FFCA). An FFCA was negotiated between RL and the EPA, Region 10, and was entered into on February 7, 1994. One of the milestones was to provide EPA, Region 10, with a copy of the Federal Clean Air Act Title V operating air permit application and Air Emission Inventory (AEI) concurrent with its submission to the Washington State Department of Ecology. The AEI will include an assessment of the diffuse and fugitive emissions from the Hanford …
Date: January 1, 1995
Creator: Davis, W. E.; Schmidt, J. W.; Gleckler, B. P. & Rhoads, K.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Engineering Solutions to the Long-Term Stabilization and Isolation of Uranium Mill Tailings in the United States (open access)

Engineering Solutions to the Long-Term Stabilization and Isolation of Uranium Mill Tailings in the United States

Engineering solutions to the safe and environmentally protective disposal and isolation of uranium mill tailings in the US include many factors. Cover design, materials selection, civil engineering, erosive forces, and cost effectiveness are only a few of those factors described in this paper. The systems approach to the engineering solutions employed in the US is described, with emphasis on the standards prescribed for the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Project. Stabilization and isolation of the tailings from humans and the environment are the primary goals of the US uranium mill tailings control standards. The performance of cover designs with respect to water infiltration, radon exhalation, geotechnical stability, erosion protection, human and animal intrusion prevention, and longevity are addressed. The need for and frequency of surveillance efforts to ensure continued disposal system performance are also assessed.
Date: March 1, 1995
Creator: Sanders, Donald R. & Lommler, John C.
System: The UNT Digital Library
200 Area treated effluent disposal facility operational test specification (open access)

200 Area treated effluent disposal facility operational test specification

This document identifies the test specification and test requirements for the 200 Area Treated Effluent Disposal Facility (200 Area TEDF) operational testing activities. These operational testing activities, when completed, demonstrate the functional, operational and design requirements of the 200 Area TEDF have been met.
Date: January 12, 1995
Creator: Crane, A. F.
System: The UNT Digital Library
Collaborations in fusion research (open access)

Collaborations in fusion research

This paper reviews current experimental collaborative efforts in the fusion community and extrapolates to operational scenarios for the Tokamak Physics Experiment (TPX) and the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). Current requirements, available technologies and tools, and problems, issues and concerns are discussed. This paper specifically focuses on the issues that apply to experimental operational collaborations. Special requirements for other types of collaborations, such as theoretical or design and construction efforts, will not be addressed. Our current collaborative efforts have been highly successful, even though the tools in use will be viewed as primitive by tomorrow`s standards. An overview of the tools and technologies in today`s collaborations can be found in the first section of this paper. The next generation of fusion devices will not be primarily institutionally based, but will be national (TPX) and international (ITER) in funding, management, operation and in ownership of scientific results. The TPX will present the initial challenge of real-time remotely distributed experimental data analysis for a steady state device. The ITER will present new challenges with the possibility of several remote control rooms all participating in the real-time operation of the experimental device. A view to the future of remote collaborations is provided in …
Date: January 1, 1995
Creator: Barnes, D.; Davis, S. & Roney, P.
System: The UNT Digital Library
High-level waste melter alternatives assessment report (open access)

High-level waste melter alternatives assessment report

This document describes the Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) High-Level Waste (HLW) Program`s (hereafter referred to as HLW Program) Melter Candidate Assessment Activity performed in fiscal year (FY) 1994. The mission of the TWRS Program is to store, treat, and immobilize highly radioactive Hanford Site waste (current and future tank waste and encapsulated strontium and cesium isotopic sources) in an environmentally sound, safe, and cost-effective manner. The goal of the HLW Program is to immobilize the HLW fraction of pretreated tank waste into a vitrified product suitable for interim onsite storage and eventual offsite disposal at a geologic repository. Preparation of the encapsulated strontium and cesium isotopic sources for final disposal is also included in the HLW Program. As a result of trade studies performed in 1992 and 1993, processes planned for pretreatment of tank wastes were modified substantially because of increasing estimates of the quantity of high-level and transuranic tank waste remaining after pretreatment. This resulted in substantial increases in needed vitrification plant capacity compared to the capacity of original Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant (HWVP). The required capacity has not been finalized, but is expected to be four to eight times that of the HWVP design. The increased capacity …
Date: February 1, 1995
Creator: Calmus, R. B.
System: The UNT Digital Library
High Explosive Spot Test Analyses of Samples From Operable Unit (OU) 1111 (open access)

High Explosive Spot Test Analyses of Samples From Operable Unit (OU) 1111

A preliminary evaluation has been completed of environmental contaminants at selected sites within the Group DX-10 (formally Group M-7) area. Soil samples taken from specific locations at this detonator facility were analyzed for harmful metals and screened for explosives. A sanitary outflow, a burn pit, a pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) production outflow field, an active firing chamber, an inactive firing chamber, and a leach field were sampled. Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) was used to obtain semi-quantitative concentrations of metals in the soil. Two field spot-test kits for explosives were used to assess the presence of energetic materials in the soil and in items found at the areas tested. PETN is the major explosive in detonators manufactured and destroyed at Los Alamos. No measurable amounts of PETN or other explosives were detected in the soil, but items taken from the burn area and a high-energy explosive (HE)/chemical sump were contaminated. The concentrations of lead, mercury, and uranium are given.
Date: January 1995
Creator: McRae, D.; Haywood, W.; Powell, J. & Harris, B.
System: The UNT Digital Library