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207
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28
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28
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27
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Development of an all-metal thick film cost effective metallization system for solar cells. Final report, May 1980-January 1983
Properties of copper pastes did not reproduce earlier results in rheology and metallurgy. Electrodes made with pastes produced under the previous contract were analyzed and raw material characteristics were compared. A needle-like structure was observed on the earlier electroded solar cells, and was identified as eutectic copper-silicon. Experiments were conducted with variations in paste parameters, firing conditions, including gas ambients, furnace furniture, silicon surface and others to improve performance characteristics. Improved adhesion with copper pastes containing silver fluoride, as well as those containing fluorocarbon powder was obtained. Front contact experiments were done with silver fluoride activated pastes on bare silicon, silicon oxide and silicon nitride coated silicon wafers. Adhesion of pastes with AgF on silicon nitride coated wafers was good, but indications were that all cells were shunted and the conclusion was that these systems were unsuitable for front contacts. Experiments with aluminum back surfaces and screened contacts to that surface were begun. Low temperature firing tended to result in S shaped IV curves. This was attributed to a barrier formed at the silicon-copper interface. A cooperative experiment was initiated on the effect of heat-treatments in various atmospheres on the hydrogen profile of silicon surfaces. Contact theory was explored to …
Date:
December 1, 1983
Creator:
Ross, B. & Parker, J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Potential for generation of natural gas in sediments of the convergent margin of the Aleutian Trench Area
Sediment being subducted in the eastern part of the convergent margin of the Aleutian Trench has a potential to generate large volumes of natural gas, perhaps as much as 2.8 x 10/sup 6/ m/sup 3/ of methane per km/sup 3/ of sediment, even though the content of organic carbon in the sediment is very low, averaging about 0.4%. This high potential for gas generation results primarily from the enormous volume of sediment undergoing subduction. Along the eastern Aleutian Arc-Trench system a 3-km thick sheet of sediment is being subducted at a rate of about 60 km per million years. We estimate, based on considerations of the stability requirements for gas hydrates observed as anomalous reflectors in some of our seismic records, and on one measurement in a deep well, that the geothermal gradient in this region is about 30/sup 0/C/km. Such a gradient suggests a temperature regime in which the maximum gas generation in the subducting sediment occurs beneath the upper slope. Thus the sediment of the upper slope, as opposed to that of the shelf and lower slope, could be the most prospective for gas accumulation if suitable reservoirs are present. 40 refs., 11 figs., 3 tabs.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Kvenvolden, K.A. & von Huene, R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Direct chlorination process for geothermal power plant off-gas - hydrogen sulfide abatement
The Direct Chlorination Process removes hydrogen sulfide from geothermal off-gases by reacting hydrogen sulfide with chlorine in the gas phase. Hydrogen chloride and elemental sulfur are formed by this reaction. The Direct Chlorination Process has been successfully demonstrated by an on-site operation of a pilot plant at the 3 M We HPG-A geothermal power plant in the Puna District on the island of Hawaii. Over 99.5 percent hydrogen sulfide removal was achieved in a single reaction stage. Chlorine gas did not escape the pilot plant, even when 90 percent excess chlorine gas was used. Because of the higher cost of chemicals and the restricted markets in Hawaii, the economic viability of this process in Hawaii is questionable.
Date:
June 1, 1983
Creator:
Sims, A.V.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of the IRAD sonic extensometers for application in the Canadian Underground Research Laboratory (FY 1983)
This report supplements an earlier study that discussed the suitability of using the IRAD sonic extensometer in the Underground Research Laboratory proposed by the Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd. In particular, it addresses the first and fourth recommendations made in that report concerning the basic accuracy of the instrument and evaluation of the electronic circuitry, respectively.
Date:
September 1, 1983
Creator:
Glenn, H.D. & Butler, L.S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Handbook of nuclear power plant seismic fragilities, Seismic Safety Margins Research Program
The Seismic Safety Margins Research Program (SSMRP) has a gola to develop a complete fully coupled analysis procedure (including methods and computer codes) for estimating the risk of an earthquake-induced radioactive release from a commercial nuclear power plant. As part of this program, calculations of the seismic risk from a typical commercial nuclear reactor were made. These calculations required a knowledge of the probability of failure (fragility) of safety-related components in the reactor system which actively participate in the hypothesized accident scenarios. This report describes the development of the required fragility relations and the data sources and data reduction techniques upon which they are based. Both building and component fragilities are covered. The building fragilities are for the Zion Unit 1 reactor which was the specific plant used for development of methodology in the program. Some of the component fragilities are site-specific also, but most would be usable for other sites as well.
Date:
December 1, 1983
Creator:
Cover, L.E.; Bohn, M.P.; Campbell, R.D. & Wesley, D.A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Experimental evaluation of the steady state and dynamic performance characteristics of the interactive units of a coal gasification process. Quarterly report, 27 December 1982-3 April 1983
A Test Plan Report has been prepared which details all the tests proposed for the 1983 operational season. One of these tests evaluates the thermal recycle mode which would be employed in a commercial configuration. In this mode, the condensate stream en route to the resaturator is passed back to the first gas cooler. The gas to liquid heat exchanger heats the condensate prior to resaturation. The analytical system simulation model, developed under this program, has been used to assess the operation of this mode and to select baseline conditions for the proposed test. Analysis of the data and results from tests conducted during the 1982 season has continued. In specific application, particularly power generation, the need exists to accommodate unanticipated contingency conditions. The response of the gasifier to such an occurrence was tested in 1982. Validation of the component models for the gasifier and the acid gas removal system has continued. Several enhancements to the gasifier model in the devolatilization zone are being added to increase accuracy. Improvements in the representation of the CO/sub 2/ absorption rate in the acid gas removal system model are being incorporated. A simplified combined cycle system model, integrated control system, and operator interface …
Date:
May 1, 1983
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Shielding of Tevatron Meson Laboratory target piles - M-west, M-center, M-polarized
This note reports on shielding calculations pertinent to the new target piles planned for the Meson Detector Building. The primary emphasis here is upon the external dose equivalent rates and groundwater activation. A previous TM describes the activation of the target, sweeping magnet cooling water, and beam sweeping magnets. A separate note summarizes the radiation protection aspects of the muon radiation due to all four meson target piles and is attached.
Date:
December 1, 1983
Creator:
Cossairt, J.D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
MHD generator component development. Quarterly report, July 1983-September 1983
The overall objectives of this program are two-fold: (1) To contribute, by appropriate systematic experimental and analytical investigations, to the engineering data base necessary for the design and construction of MHD generators at CDIF-scale (50 MW/sub th/) and baseload scale (2000 MW/sub th/). (2) To design and fabricate specific hardware items to be tested at the CDIF site in Butte, Montana. The program consists of a series of related tasks: (1) MHD channel design and performance; (2) MHD channel construction and lifetime; (3) MHD channel loading and control; (4) facility operation; (5) CDIF related hardware; and (6) high interaction tests of a supersonic channel. Progress is reported. (WHK)
Date:
November 1, 1983
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Possibilities for x-ray holography using synchrotron radiation
Since the theoretical and experimental demonstrations of the effectiveness of soft x-rays in imaging biological material there has been considerable study given to the prospects for further development of the presently existing techniques. This has been motivated to a large extent by advances in source technology, particularly the use of undulators on electron storage rings and recent improvements in short wavelength lasers. The present author has carried out theoretical evaluations of the possibilities of holographic imaging and has also recorded a number of holograms using the U15 soft x-ray beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) 750 MeV storage ring at Brookhaven. Some of these have been successfully reconstructed using He:Cd laser light. In this paper we first review the physical processes which generate information containing wavefronts when soft x-rays interact with matter. We then briefly describe the holographic method which has been highly developed using visible light lasers and identify holographic geometries which are promising for x-ray applications. We discuss some of the practical and theoretical limitations involved in making holographic images and then give the results of our own experiments.
Date:
November 1, 1983
Creator:
Howells, M.R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Study of ebullated bed fluid dynamics. Final progress report, September 1980-July 1983
The fluid dynamics occurring in HRI's H-coal process development unit coal liquefaction reactor during Run PDU-10 were measured and compared with Amoco Oil cold-flow fluidization results. It was found that catalyst bed expansions and gas holdups are higher in the PDU than those observed in the cold-flow tests for slurries having the same nominal viscosity. Comparison of PDU results with cold-flow results shows that the bulk of the operating reactor gas flow lies in the ideal bubbly regime. It also appears that the gas bubbles in these PDU tests are rising quite slowly. Only two of the operating points in our test program on the PDU were found to lie in the churn turbulent regime. Existence of churn turbulent behavior during these two experiments is consistent with trends observed in earlier cold-flow experiments. Two- and three-phase fluidization experiments were carried out in Amoco's cold-flow fluid dynamics unit. The data base now includes fluidization results for coal char/kerosene slurry concentrations of 4.0, 9.8, and 20.7 vol% in addition to the 15.5 and 17.8 vol% data from our earlier work. Both HDS-2A and Amocat-1A catalysts were used in the tests. Bed expansion is primarily a function of slurry velocity, with gas velocity …
Date:
July 1, 1983
Creator:
Schaefer, R.J.; Rundell, D.N. & Shou, J.K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Colorado: basic data for thermal springs and wells as recorded in GEOTHERM
GEOTHERM sample file contains 225 records for Colorado. Three computer-generated indexes are found in appendices A, B, and C of this report. The indexes give one line summaries of each GEOTHERM record describing the chemistry of geothermal springs and wells in the sample file for Colorado. Each index is sorted by different variables to assist the user in locating geothermal records describing specific sites. Appendix A is sorted by the county name and the name of the source. Also given are latitude, longitude (both use decimal minutes), township, range, section, GEOTHERM record identifier, and temperature (/sup 0/C). Appendix B is sorted by county, township, range, and section. Also given are name of source, GEOTHERM record identifier, and temperature (/sup 0/C). Appendix C is first sorted into one-degree blocks by latitude, and longitude, and then by name of source. Adjacent one-degree blocks which are published as a 1:250,000 map are combined under the appropriate map name. Also given are GEOTHERM record identifier, and temperature (/sup 0/C). A bibliography is given in Appendix D.
Date:
May 1, 1983
Creator:
Bliss, J. D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Active sites in char gasification. First quarterly progress report, September 1983-December 1983
This report reviews the background and motivation for this work, and discusses some initial scoping studies on chars similar to the model compounds to be used in later phases of the work. Some preliminary synthetic methodologies for model compounds are presented. 69 references.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Suuberg, E. M.; Calo, J. M.; Wojtowicz, M. & Lilly, W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chemical effect of entrained particles in coal conversion streams. Sixth quarterly technical progress report, November 1, 1982-January 31, 1983
A major objective of the US Department of Energy is to increase coal utilization through the development of combustion stream cleanup technologies. Many of the existing cleanup devices as well as advanced concepts rely on heterogeneous processes (i.e., gas-solid interactions) to achieve efficient stream removal. Examples of such devices include particle injection and granular bed filters for alkali removal, limestone injection for SO/sub x/ removal in fluid bed combustors, dry injection for SO/sub x/removal in entrained combustion, and trace metal adsorption and removal on fly ash. Recent studies indicate that the successful use of turbines in combined cycle processes may depend on understanding the interaction between the gas phase alkali and particles in the combustion stream to substantially reduce turbine corrosion. This report documents progress in efforts to model the heterogeneous chemistry of coal combustion streams as well as laboratory studies to obtain critical input data for the report. 5 references, 15 figures.
Date:
January 1, 1983
Creator:
Stinespring, C.; Yousefian, V.; Gruninger, J.; Annen, K.; Frankel, D. & Stewart, G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Study of heavy quark production with the Mark II at PEP
The methods adopted by the Mark II collaboration to study heavy quark production at PEP are described. Two complementary techniques are used: D* tagging using the decay chain D*/sup +/. D/sup 0/..pi../sup +/, D/sup 0/ ..-->.. K/sup -/..pi../sup +/, and inclusive lepton tagging using the characteristic p/sub T/ distributions to distinguish contributions from b and c quarks. These techniques are used to derive information about heavy quark fragmentation and about the weak coupling of heavy quarks.
Date:
October 1, 1983
Creator:
Abrams, G.; Amidei, D.; Baden, A.; de la Vaissiere, C.; Gidal, G.; Gold, M. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geopressured geothermal bibliography. Volume I. Citation extracts. Second edition
This annoted bibliography contains 1131 citations. It represents reports, papers, and articles appearing over the past eighteen years covering topics from the scientific and technical aspects of geopressured geothermal reservoirs to the social, environmental, and legal considerations of exploiting those reservoirs for their energy resources. Six indexes include: author, conference title, descriptor, journal title, report number, and sponsor. (MHR)
Date:
May 1, 1983
Creator:
Sepehrnoori, K.; Carter, F.; Schneider, R.; Street, S. & McGill, K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Separation and Characterization of Coal Derived Components. Quarterly Report, July 1-September 30, 1983
The field-ionization mass spectral hydrocarbon data from F-45 (Wyodak coal-derived SRC) and F-51 (Kentucky 9/14 coal-derived SRC) were recalculated so the various hydrocarbon fractions could be compared directly on a weight percent basis. A computer program was developed which allows the field-ionization mass spectral hydrocarbon data to be compared in a three dimensional fashion. This approach provides for a rapid general comparson of all the field-ionization hydrocarbon data. The solubility of preasphaltenes was tested in several solvents. The preasphaltenes-2 were found to be largely soluble in pyridine:chloroform 9:1(v/v) or 7:3(v/v) and pyridine:chloroform:tetrahydrofuran 7:1:2(v/v/v). Experiments were carried out in which Chromasorb T was tested as a replacement for Fluoropak in the Fluoropak-basic alumina procedure. The results indicated Chromasorb T would be an adequate substitute for Fluoropak, but additional experiments will be run to confirm this. The chromatographic characteristics of numerous hydroxyl aromatics, nitrogen heterocycles, and aromatic amines were obtained on several normal-phase and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic systems. 30 references, 30 figures, 10 tables.
Date:
October 17, 1983
Creator:
Hurtubise, R. J. & Silver, H. F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Survey of the preparation, purity, and availability of silanes
Silane and disilane are currently available as prepared for the semiconductor market. Published or public information on preparative methods for monosilane and higher silanes are discussed. Purification techniques are reviewed. Data from current silane suppliers are tabulated. A short review of the silanes in Japan is given. Analytical procedures are not now perfected to determine group 3 or 5 elements in silane. All commercial silanes contain certain impurities. There is no simple one step purification technique for silane which a user could easily operate. Typical and actual analyses of commercial silane are given. Disilane is still in the development stage with only small quantities available at very high prices. The silane process developed in part under the DOE/JPL Flat Plate Solar Array project by Union Carbide is summarized. Higher purity silanes are now appearing on the market. These should be useful in the photovoltaic area.
Date:
December 1, 1983
Creator:
Lorenz, J. H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of the large-scale anisotropy of the cosmic background radiation at 3mm
A balloon-borne differential radiometer has measured the large-scale anisotropy of the cosmic background radiation (CBR) with high sensitivity. The antenna temperature dipole anistropy at 90 GHz (3 mm wavelength) is 2.82 +- 0.19 mK, corresponding to a thermodynamic anistropy of 3.48 +- mK for a 2.7 K blackbody CBR. The dipole direction, 11.3 +- 0.1 hours right ascension and -5.7/sup 0/ +- 1.8/sup 0/ declination, agrees well with measurements at other frequencies. Calibration error dominates magnitude uncertainty, with statistical errors on dipole terms being under 0.1 mK. No significant quadrupole power is found, placing a 90% confidence-level upper limit of 0.27 mK on the RMS thermodynamic quadrupolar anistropy. 22 figures, 17 tables.
Date:
December 1, 1983
Creator:
Epstein, G.L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Physical properties of kraft black liquor. Final report. Phase I
Methods were selected, equipment installed, and procedures developed for determining rheological properties; for determining thermal properties (stability, density, thermal expansion, and heat capacity); for purification and characterization of lignin (glass transition, stability, weight average molecular weight, and number average molecular weight); and for performing chemical analyses (negative inorganic ions, positive inorganic ions, acid organic salts, lignin, and total solids). A strategy for pulping to supply test liquors was developed, and a statistically designed pulping experiment was specified for a Southern softwood species. Arrangements were made for performing initial pulping work in an industrial pilot plant, and a preliminary set of pulping experiments were conducted. Liquors from the preliminary pulping experiments were used to test procedures and to determine reproducibility of the experiment. Literature was also surveyed and preliminary selection of designs for a pilot digester, and for equipment to determine surface tension were made.
Date:
December 1, 1983
Creator:
Fricke, A.L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Coal-liquid fuel/diesel engine operating compatibility. Final report
This work is intended to assess the possibilities of using coal-derived liquids (CDL) represented by a specific type (SRC II) and shale-derived distillate fuel in blends of petroleum-derived fuels in medium-speed, high-output, heavy-duty diesel engines. Conclusions are as follows: (1) Blends of solvent refined coal and diesel fuel may be handled safely by experienced diesel engine mechanics. (2) A serious corrosion problem was found in the fuel pump parts when operating with solvent refined coal blended with petroleum. It is expected that a metallurgy change can overcome this problem. (3) Proper selection of materials for the fuel system is required to permit handling coal-derived liquid fuels. (4) A medium speed, high horsepower, 4-cycle diesel engine can be operated on blends of solvent refined coal and petroleum without serious consequences save the fuel system corrosion previously mentioned. This is based on a single, short durability test. (5) As represented by the product evaluated, 100% shale-derived distillate fuel may be used in a medium speed, high horsepower, 4-cycle diesel engine without significant consequences. (6) The shale product evaluated may be blended with petroleum distillate or petroleum residual materials and used as a fuel for medium speed, high horsepower, 4-cycle diesel engines. 7 …
Date:
September 1, 1983
Creator:
Hoffman, J.G. & Martin, F.W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Heavy ion fusion year-end report, April 1, 1983-September 30, 1983
Some highlights of the program during this reporting period are as follows: (1) First results with the completed apparatus of the Single Beam Transport Experiment (SBTE) have shown the stable propagation of a space-charge-dominated cesium-ion beam through 41 periods of an AG focussing lattice. The space-charge effects were large enough to depress the betatron phase advance per cell from sigma/sub 0/ = 60/sup 0/ to sigma = 12/sup 0/. (2) Understanding of the reflection stabilization of longitudinal instability in a high-current beam bunch has been improved by analytical and computational studies. (3) Conceptual design studies of a multiple-beam ion induction linac suitable for the High Temperature Experiment have progressed to the stage where a first reference design (sodium, 125 MeV, 30 ..mu..C, 16 beams) is available. (4) The Long-Pulse Induction Accelerating Unit, first used to accelerate a cesium-ion beam in February 1983, has been undergoing modification in the low-level trigger circuitry to allow more precisely controlled waveform synthesis.
Date:
November 1, 1983
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nonresidential buildings energy consumption survey: 1979 consumption and expenditures. Part 2. Steam, fuel oil, LPG, and all fuels
This report presents data on square footage and on total energy consumption and expenditures for commercial buildings in the contiguous United States. Also included are detailed consumption and expenditures tables for fuel oil or kerosene, liquid petroleum gas (LPG), and purchased steam. Commercial buildings include all nonresidential buildings with the exception of those where industrial activities occupy more of the total square footage than any other type of activity. 7 figures, 23 tables.
Date:
December 1, 1983
Creator:
Patinkin, L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Attempt to compare two arc orbit correction schemes analytically
Consider a transport line that consists of periodic cells. Let the beam position monitors and the orbit correctors be located with the same period as the cells and let the BPM's and the corrector distributions interlace each other. The arrangement does not always provide a stable orbit correction. The criterion for stability has been derived by Joe Murray and is reproduced. We calculate the rms orbit, the effect of BPM errors and the rms corrector strength in such correction schemes, yielding analytic formulae for these quantities. We then apply these formulae to the SLC arcs.
Date:
December 15, 1983
Creator:
Chao, A. & Weng, W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Influence of cover defects on the attenuation of radon with earthen covers
Experimental and theoretical evaluations of radon flux through laboratory-scale defective soil columns are presented together with a survey of literature on the formation and prevention of defects in soil covers. This report focuses on air-filled, centimeter-scale defects that are most probable in earthen covers for attenuating radon emission from uranium-mill tailings. Examples include shirnkage and erosion cracks, erosion piping, animal burrows and air channels formed by the biodegradation of vegetation roots. Calculations based on mathematical models indicate that collections of defects which could increase the radon flux from an earthen cover by a factor of two would be easily detected by visual inspection. However, these models ignore air-turbulence in the defect and drying of the soil around the defect. Laboratory measurements showed that turbulent diffusion of radon occurred through defects as narrow as 0.3 cm when subjected to a transverse air velocity of 1 to 6 miles per hour at the surface. Both turbulence and more-rapid drying of soil can accelerate radon flux to the cover surface. Consequently, recommended methods to inhibit defect formation should be applied. 29 references, 3 figures, 5 tables.
Date:
November 1, 1983
Creator:
Kalkwarf, D. R. & Mayer, D. W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library