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Advancement of flash hydrogasification. Quarterly technical progress report, October-December 1984
The design of test hardware and process development unit (PDU) modifications had been completed previously. Task VII involves the fabrication of test hardware and the modification of an existing 1-ton/h hydroliquefaction PDU at Rockwell's facilities for use as a hydrogasifier test facility. Test hardware fabrication has been completed. Modifications to the PDU were completed in July 1984. The modified facility can accommodate both 10- and 20-ft-long hydrogasifier reactors so that residence times will be in the range of 2 to 6 s when coal is fed at a nominal 1/2 ton/h into reactors at 1000 psia pressure. Provisions have been made for real-time analysis of the product gases using an on-line gas chromatograph system. Separate supplies of coal, hydrogen, oxygen, methane, and water (for steam generation) are provided so that short duration (1 to 2 h) hydrogasification tests along with preburner assembly performance evaluation tests can be conducted to meet the overall test program objectives. Performance characterization testing of the preburner assembly and two coal reactor tests to establish FHP reactor performance at baseline (low-steam concentration) hydrogasification conditions have been completed. Three reactor tests to investigate steam enhancement effects were conducted during this report period. An important program milestone was …
Date:
September 1, 1985
Creator:
Falk, A. Y.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Complex temporal and spatial patterns in nonequilibrium systems
Dynamical systems methods are being developed and used to characterize the formation and evolution of temporal and spatial patterns in systems maintained far from equilibrium. In particular, experiments and analyses are considering electrodeposition of fractal metallic clusters, pattern formation in reaction-diffusion systems, and the primary instabilities of some fluid flows. Novel reactors have been developed to search for chemical patterns (spatial variations in the chemical composition), and sustained patterns have been found in several different one- and two-dimensional geometries. Bifurcations in these patterns are studied by varying control parameters, e.g., the concentrations of the feed chemicals or the temperature. The observed two-dimensional chemical patterns range from the stationary patterns, similar to those predicted by Turing in 1952 but not observed until 1990, to chemical turbulence, which is characterized by large numbers of defects and a rapid decay of spatial correlations. These provide general insights into the formation of spatiotemporal patterns in nonequilibrium systems.
Date:
September 1, 1991
Creator:
Swinney, H. L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Exploratory research on solvent refined coal liquefaction. Annual technical progress report, January 1-December 31, 1979
This report summarizes the progress of the Exploratory Research on Solvent Refined Coal Liquefaction project by The Pittsburg and Midway Coal Mining Co.'s Merriam Laboratory during 1979. In a series of experiments with varying feed gas composition, low levels (5 to 10 mole %) of carbon monoxide had little effect on the SRC II processing of Pittsburgh Seam coal (Powhatan No. 5 Mine) while higher levels (20 to 40 mole %) resulted in a general degradation of operability and reduced oil yields. Addition of finely divided (approx. 1 ..mu..m) pyrite to the reactive Powhatan coal had little effect on oil yields although the molecular weight of the distillation residue was apparently decreased. When finely divided pyrite and magnetite were added to the less reactive coals from the Loveridge and Blacksville No. 1 Mines (also Pittsburgh Seam), however, substantial increases in oil yields and product quality were obtained. In a comparison of upflow and downflow dissolver configurations with Powhatan coal in the SRC II mode, there was no difference in yields or product quality. A study characterizing specific reactors revealed a significantly higher conversion in the SRC I mode with a reactor approximating plug flow conditions compared to a completely backmixed …
Date:
September 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electron heating and confinemet measurements in EBT-S using Thomson scattering
Thomson scattering of ruby laser light was used to measure electron temperatures and densities in the ELMO Bumpy Torus-Scale (EBT-S) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The measurements were made primarily during May 1980, although some were taken during January 1980. The scattering system, which was designed for very low electron density measurements, features a 14-J ruby laser, a high-throughput spectrometer, and 15% quantum efficiency photomultipliers. The measured electron densities lie in the range 5 X 10/sup 11/ cm/sup -3/ to 2.2 X 10/sup 12/ cm/sup -3/ with electron temperatures from 50 to 500 eV. The radial profiles of T/sub e/ and n/sub e/ are reasonably flat over an 8-cm region from the plasma center outward. The dependence of T/sub e/ and n/sub e/ on microwave power input and on background pressure is discussed. The electron data are used to derive approximate values of the energy confinement time.
Date:
September 1, 1980
Creator:
Bighel, L. & Cobble, J. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Marketing of coal mining equipment. Evaluation of present techniques: suggestions to aid commercialization. Final report
This report is an examination of the equipment preferences and decision-making methodology of the coal industry. The prime purpose is to indicate directions in which equipment research might proceed and also to indicate methods by which investment in new, more productive mining equipment could be encouraged. In addition to this, an investigation of the research and development decisions of major mining equipment manufacturers was conducted. The findings can best be condensed into three categories: needs for equipment in underground mining, needs for equipment in surface mining, and the purchase decision by coal mine operators.
Date:
September 19, 1980
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Multiple track Doppler-shift spectroscopy system for TFTR neutral beam injectors
A Doppler-shift spectroscopy system has been installed on the TFTR neutral beam injection system to measure species composition during both conditioning and injection pulses. Two intensified vidicon detectors and two spectrometers are utilized in a system capable of resolving data from up to twelve ion sources simultaneously. By imaging the light from six ion sources onto one detector, a cost-effective system has been achieved. Fiber optics are used to locate the diagnostic in an area remote from the hazards of the tokamak test cell allowing continuous access, and eliminating the need for radiation shielding of electronic components. Automatic hardware arming and interactive data analysis allow beam composition to be computed between tokamak shots for use in analyzing plasma heating experiments. Measurements have been made using lines of sight into both the neutralizer and the drift duct. Analysis of the data from the drift duct is both simpler and more accurate since only neutral particles are present in the beam at this location. Comparison of the data taken at these two locations reveals the presence of partially accelerated particles possessing an estimated 1/e half-angle divergence of 15/sup 0/ and accounting for up to 30% of the extracted power.
Date:
September 1, 1986
Creator:
Kamperschroer, J. H.; Kugel, H. W.; Reale, M. A.; Hayes, S. L.; Johnson, G. A.; Lowrance, J. L. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Seal-Shell-a Digital Program to Determine Stresses and Deflections in an Axisymmetric Shell of Revolution
SEAL-SRELL, a FORTRAN II program registered as code number M0077 at Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory, is written for the Philco 2000 computer with two tape units. The program is designed to determine loads, deflections, and stresses in a thin shell of revolution under axisymmetric end loads and pressure. (auth)
Date:
September 1, 1961
Creator:
Friedrich, C.M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Metals and Ceramics Division. Annual progress report, ending June 30, 1980
Research is reported concerning: (1) engineering materials, including materials compatibility, mechanical properties, nondestructive testing, pressure vessel technology, and welding and brazing; (2) fuels and processes consisting of ceramic technology, fuel cycle technology, fuels evaluation, fuel fabrication and metals processing; and (3) materials science which includes, ceramic studies, physical metallurgy properties, radiation effects and microstructural analysis, metastable and superconducting materials, structure and properties of surfaces, theroretical research and x-ray research and applications. Highlights of the work of the metallographic group and the current state of the High-Temperature Materials Laboratory (HTML) and the Materials and Structures Technology Management Center (MSTMC) are presented. (FS)
Date:
September 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reactor Development Program Progress Report, August 1961
Progress is reviewed on the following reactors: EBWR; Borax-V; ZPR-III- ZPR-VI; ZPR-IX; EBR-I; and EBR-II. An outline of fast and slow reactor safety studies in TREAT is presented. Progress is also reported in applied nuclear and reactor physics; development of reactor fuels, materials, and components; heat engineering technology; separation processes; and advanced reactor concepts. (T.F.H.)
Date:
September 15, 1961
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Thermonuclear inverse magnetic pumping power cycle for stellarator reactors
A novel power cycle for direct conversion of alpha-particle energy into electricity is proposed for an ignited plasma in a stellarator reactor. The plasma column is alternately compressed and expanded in minor radius by periodic variation of the toroidal magnetic field strength. As a result of the way a stellarator is expected to work, the plasma pressure during expansion is greater than the corresponding pressure during compression. Therefore, negative work is done on the plasma during a complete cycle. This work manifests itself as a back-voltage in the toroidal field coils, and direct electrical energy is obtained from this voltage. For a typical reactor, the average power obtained from this cycle (with a minor radius compression factor on the order of 50%) can be as much as 50% of the electrical power obtained from the thermonuclear neutrons without compressing the plasma. Thus, if it is feasible to vary the toroidal field strength, the power cycle provides an alternative scheme of energy conversion for a deuterium-tritium fueled reactor. The cycle may become an important method of energy conversion for advanced neutron-lean fueled reactors. By operating two or more reactors in tandem, the cycle can be made self-sustaining.
Date:
September 1, 1985
Creator:
Ho, D.D.M. & Kulsrud, R.M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Divertor experiments in a toroidal plasma, with E x B drift due to an applied radial electric field
It is proposed that the E x B drift arising from an externally applied electric field could be used in a tokamak or other toroidal magnetic plasma confinement device to remove plasma and impurities from the region near the wall and reduce the amount of plasma striking the wall. This could either augment or replace a conventional magnetic field divertor. Among the possible advantages of this scheme are easy external control over the rate of removal of plasma, more rapid removal than the naturally occurring rate in a magnetic divertor, and simplification of construction if the magnetic divertor is eliminated. Results of several related experiments performed in the Wisconsin Levitated Octupole are presented.
Date:
September 1, 1979
Creator:
Strait, E.J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Photophoresis and the scattering of electromagnetic radiation
Electron-microscope photographs of soot lend support to the picture in which a soot particle is modeled as a collection of chains of small carbon spheres. The soot particle itself is typically considerably larger than the small carbon spheres making up the chains. Thus the soot particles might have a size approx.0.1 - 1 ..mu..m while the small carbon spheres might have a size approx.0.03 ..mu..m in typical situations. Further, measurements of the density of soot yield values much less than that of normal carbon, indicating that an individual soot particle has a rather small filling factor, i.e., the fraction of the volume of the particle tht is occupied by chains. If a soot particle is taken to be a sphere partially filled with carbon chains, what are its scattering and absorption properties. Several workers have adopted the view that the net scattering and absorption properties can be determined simply by summing the cross-sections for the individual small carbon spheres. We feel that such a procedure cannot be valid in general because it neglects coherence effects among the various randomly located scatterers within the soot particle. It appears that in a first rough approximation the scattering and absorption properties of soot …
Date:
September 1, 1985
Creator:
Ipser, J.R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Photodisintegration of /sup 3/H and /sup 3/He. [Threshold to 25 MeV]
The photoneutron cross sections for /sup 3/H and /sup 3/He have been measured from threshold to approx. 25 MeV with monoenergetic photons from the annihilation in flight of fast positrons at the LLL Electron-Positron Linear Accelerator facility. These reactions include the two-body breakup of /sup 3/H and the three-body breakup of both /sup 3/H and /sup 3/He; these measurements for /sup 3/H are the first to span the energy region across the peaks of the cross sections. An efficient BF/sub 3/-tube-and-paraffin neutron detector and high-pressure gaseous samples of several moles each (the activity of the /sup 3/H sample was approx. 200,000 Ci) were employed in these measurements. Measurements on /sup 16/O and /sup 2/H also were performed to verify the absolute cross-section scale. The results, when compared with each other and with results for the two-body breakup cross section for /sup 3/He from the literature, show that the two-body breakup cross sections for /sup 3/H and /sup 3/He have nearly the same shape, but the one for /sup 3/He lies lower in magnitude; the three-body breakup cross section for /sup 3/He lies higher in magnitude and is broader in the peak region and also rises less sharply from threshold than …
Date:
September 1, 1980
Creator:
Faul, D.D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Aerial gamma ray and magnetic survey: Mississippi and Florida airborne survey, Tupelo quadrangle, Mississippi, Alabama, and Tennessee. Final report
The Tupelo quadrangle covers a region immediately east of the Mississippi River flood plain in the northernmost Gulf Coastal Physiographic Province. Sediments of Teritary and Paleozoic basins shoal eastward. Tertiary exposures dominate the western half of the quadrangle. Cretaceous strata are exposed over most of the eastern half. A search of available literature revealed no known uranium deposits. A total of eighty-six uranium anomalies were detected and are discussed briefly. Few were considered significant, and most appear to relate to some cultural feature. Magnetic data appears, for the most part, to be in agreement with existing structural interpretations of the region.
Date:
September 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Thermonuclear Division Semiannual Progress Report for Period Ending April 30, 1962
Progress is reported on thermonuclear research. Separate abstracts were prepared for 8 of the 10 sections. Design and engineering service reports and notes are given in the remaining sections. (M.C.G.)
Date:
September 12, 1962
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Writer's Guide for technical procedures
A primary objective throughout the Department of Energy (DOE) complex is that operations be conducted in a deliberate and controlled manner with emphasis upon recognition and maintenance of the facility-specific safety envelope. One critical element of maintaining the safety envelope is procedures. DOE is providing guidance through this and other writer's guides to assist procedure writers across the DOE complex in producing accurate, complete, and usable procedures that promote safe and efficient operations in keeping with such DOE Orders as 5480.19, Conduct of Operations for DOE Facilities'', 5480.5, Safety of Nuclear facilities'', and 5480.6, Safety of Department of Energy-Owned Nuclear Reactors''. This Writer's Guide addresses the content, format, and style of technical procedures (procedures that prescribe production, operation of equipment and facilities, and maintenance activities) and is intended to be applied in a manner appropriate to the individual facility, 15 refs.
Date:
September 1, 1991
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Water assessment report, section 13(b)
An assessment is presented of water requirements and water supply availability for a proposed Geothermal Binary Demonstration Electric Generation Project near Heber, California. The following topics are discussed: principal findings, project description, water supply and availability, and effects of the project. (MHR)
Date:
September 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Methanation in catalyst-sprayed tube wall reactors: a review
The design and operation of catalyst-sprayed tube wall reactors for methanation are discussed. Reactor tubes were either coated on the inner surface or on the outer surface with a Raney nickel catalyst. A liquid coolant, which was opposite the catalyst-reactant gas-side, removed the heat of methanation. Catalyst performance, reactor operating conditions, spent catalyst analyses, and other results are presented for five PDU tests.
Date:
September 1, 1980
Creator:
Pennline, H. W.; Schehl, R. R.; Haynes, W. P. & Forney, A. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Proposed research on advanced accelerator concepts
This report summarizes technical progress and accomplishments during the proposed three-year research on advanced accelerator concepts supported by the Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG02-88ER40465. A vigorous theoretical program has been pursued in critical problem areas related to advanced accelerator concepts and the basic equilibrium, stability, and radiation properties of intense charged particle beams. Broadly speaking, our research has made significant contributions in the following three major areas: Investigations of physics issues related to particle acceleration including two-beam accelerators and cyclotron resonance laser (CRL) accelerators; Investigations of RF sources including the free- electron lasers, cyclotron resonance masers, and relativistic magnetrons; Studies of coherent structures in electron plasmas and beams ranging from a low-density, nonrelativistic, pure electron plasma column to high-density, relativistic, non-neutral electron flow in a high-voltage diode. The remainder of this report presents theoretical and computational advances in these areas.
Date:
September 1, 1991
Creator:
Davidson, R.C. & Wurtele, J.S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Commercial US nuclear reactors and waste: the current status
Between March 1 and June 15, 1980, the declared size of the commercial light waste reactor (LWR) nuclear power industry in the US has decreased another 9 GWe. For the presently declared size: the 165 declared reactors will peak at a capacity of 153 GWe in 2001 and will consume about 870,000 MTU as enrichment feed; the theoretical rate of enrichment requirements will peak at about 19,000,000 SWUs/y in the year 2014; as few as two repositories each with capacity equivalent to 100,000 MTU would hold the waste; and predisposal storage reactor basins and AFRs (away-from-reactor basins) would peak at <85,000 MTU in the year 2020 if the two respositories were commissioned in the years 1997 and 2020. It should be noted that the number of declared LWRs has dropped from 226 on December 31, 1974 to 165 as of this writing. The oil equivalent of the energy loss, assuming a 50% efficiency in use as in cars, is 17,000 million barrels. This is about 10 years of the current rate of US consumption of OPEC oil.
Date:
September 1, 1980
Creator:
Platt, A.M. & Robinson, J.V.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR PERIOD ENDING MAY 31, 1961
Activities in research programs are summarized in the areas of power reactor fuel processing, fluoride volatility processing, molten salt reactor fuel processing, homogeneous reactor fuel processing, waste treatment and disposal pilot plant decontamination, GCR coolant purification studies, equipment decontamination, HRP thoria blanket development, fuel cycle development, transuranium element studies, production of U/sup 232/, uranium processing, fission product recovery, thorium recovery from granite, solvent extraction technology, mechanisms of separation processes, radiation effects on catalysts, ion exchange technology, chemical engineering research, chemical applications of nuclear explosions, reactor evaluation studies, and assistance programs. (J.R.D.)
Date:
September 21, 1961
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Liquefaction of coals using ultra-fine particle, unsupported catalysts: In situ generation by rapid expansion of supercritical fluid solutions
The purpose of this program is to design and fabricate an experimental ultra-fine particle generation system; use this system to generate ultra-fine, iron compound, catalyst particles; and to access the ability of these ultra-fine catalyst particles to improve the performance of the solubilization stage of two-stage, catalytic-catalytic liquefaction processes. The effort applied to this program during this reporting period was devoted to experimental design and fabrication tasks.
Date:
September 1, 1991
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Theoretical aspects of solid state reactions in a mixed particulate ensemble and kinetics of lead zirconate formation
A theoretical analysis was carried out to estimate the quasi-steady-state external mass transport by lattice, surface and gaseous diffusion in terms of the stereologically measurable microstructural parameters of a mixed powder compact. It was shown that the gaseous transport can be described by a single dimensionless quantity termed sublimation transport modulus. Using these equations, the relative importance of the alternate external transport modes can be evaluated. Experimental work determined the reaction isotherms for the formation of lead zirconate from yellow PbO and monoclinic zirconia between 710/sup 0/C to 810/sup 0/C for two zirconia size distributions. The larger zirconia showed diffusion controlled shrinking core kinetics up to about 90 percent reaction while the smaller zirconia indicated a diffusion controlled spherical growth of up to 85 percent reaction after an instantaneous nucleation at a limited number of sites. The difference was attributed to the differences in the mixing time and not to the particulate sizes. It was observed that for the same size range, a longer mixing operation gave a better dispersion of reactants which resulted in a higher nucleation site density required for a shrinking core type of product morphology and faster kinetics. A microprobe profile analysis of partially reacted particles …
Date:
September 1, 1979
Creator:
Chandratreya, S.S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tar sand extraction by steam stimulation and steam drive: measurement of physical properties
The measurement of the following thermophysical properties of Utah tar sands is in progress: thermal conductivity, specific heat relative permeability, and viscosity (of the recovered bitumen). During the report period (October 1, 1978 to November 1, 1979), experimental procedures have been developed and a basic data set has been measured. Additionally, standard core analysis has been performed for four drill sites in the Asphalt Ridge, Utah area.
Date:
September 10, 1980
Creator:
Linberg, W.R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library