The program objective is to evolve and define an accessory drive system that will minimize system power consumption of driven accessories on an internal combustion engine in a passenger automobile. The initial three program phases established concept feasibility, determined potential fuel savings, and selected a drive system design for concept mechanization. During this quarter the major program accomplishments were: selection of candidate belt-drive concepts; completion of Phase III baseline vehicle drive systems physical and operational envelopes; completion of analysis for a mechanically controlled direct-operated belt drive with input programming; and completion of design layout and analysis for a hydromechanically controlled, servo-operated belt drive with output-speed sensing. (LLL)

California law contains several vehicles for the implementation of geothermal planning. These mechanisms and their impact are examined. First, at the State level upon the California Energy Commission and the Division of Oil and Gas in the Department of Conservation. After some background on county planning in California, the unique situation in the counties of greatest geothermal potential is presented: Imperial County and the four Geysers counties as well as their joint powers agency. Conclusions and recommendations are included. (MHR)

A retrofit solar water-heating system has been installed in a three-story apartment building at Drexel University. The system employs two conventional collector banks (10 PPG collectors) mounted at the latitude angle for Philadelphia of 40 deg from the horizontal and two double-exposure collectors (DEC's) mounted vertically in mirrored enclosures. Although the DEC units are being used for year-round domestic water heating for the building, they are designed to provide maximum output in the winter and are therefore well-suited to solar space heating applications. Instrumentation for testing the two types of collectors has been operating in the apartment building for some time. Summer performance data have been obtained which indicate that, at a minimum, the DEC units will provide twice as much useful heat output per panel as conventional collectors. In addition some results for an overcast day showed that comparable relative performance could be expected on these days.

The federal leasing and permitting programs were analyzed as well as those of the five states in the Pacific Region. The relevant statutoring and regulatory frameworks of the land management agencies involved were also analyzed, as well as the options prepared by the DOE Streamlining Task Force and the California State-Federal-Local Task Group. The present stationary responsibilities and management structure of the Forest Service, BLM, and the Pacific Region States, as well as the roles of DOE and DOD. (MHR)

In the first task, a specially designed mass spectrometer system monitors the gas exchange occurring in response to single short flashes of light. This apparatus will be primarily used to study photosystem II donor reactions, such as the photooxidation of hydroxylamine, hydrazine, and hydrogen peroxide. This technique will also be used to study the light-induced exchange of O/sub 2/ and CO/sub 2/ in algae. The second task, biochemical studies, will focus on the role of chloroplast copper in photosynthesis. We propose to isolate, purify, and characterize the chloroplast copper enzyme polyphenol oxidase, and attempt to elucidate its role in photosynthesis. These studies will be integrated with a new program devoted to the biochemical response of the photosynthetic membrane to stress. The third task is a series of studies on the light-harvesting and electron-transport mechanisms of C/sub 4/ plants. This program will address three basic problems: (1) the effect of different preparative procedures on various photosynthetic reactions, with particular emphasis on photosystem II reactions in corn bundle sheath chloroplasts; (2) the development and testing of photosystem II assays; and (3) studies of the stoichiometry of electron carriers in bundle sheath chloroplasts, and whether cyclic phosphorylation could be a major pathway in …

Low- and medium-Btu gases (LBG and MBG) can be produced from coal with a variety of 13 existing and 25 emerging processes. Historical experience and previous studies indicate a large potential market for LBG and MBG coal gasification in the manufacturing industries for fuel and feedstocks. However, present use in the US is limited, and industry has not been making substantial moves to invest in the technology. Near-term (1979-1985) market activity for LBG and MBG is highly uncertain and is complicated by a myriad of pressures on industry for energy-related investments. To assist in planning its program to accelerate the commercialization of LBG and MBG, the Department of Energy (DOE) contracted with Booz, Allen and Hamilton to characterize and forecast the 1985 industrial market for LBG and MBG coal gasification. The study draws five major conclusions: (1) There is a large technically feasible market potential in industry for commercially available equipment - exceeding 3 quadrillion Btu per year. (2) Early adopters will be principally steel, chemical, and brick companies in described areas. (3) With no additional Federal initiatives, industry commitments to LBG and MBG will increase only moderately. (4) The major barriers to further market penetration are lack of economic …

Using the technique developed by Chapman and Enskog for deriving the Navier--Stokes equations from the Boltzmann equation, a framework is set up for deriving diffusion theories from the transport equation. The procedure is first applied to give a derivation of isotropic diffusion theory and then of a completely new theory which is naturally flux-limited. This new flux-limited diffusion theory is then compared with asymptotic diffusion theory.

The mechanisms in California law for the implementation of geothermal planning and their impacts are examined, first, at the State level upon the California Energy Commission and the Division of Oil and Gas in the Department of Conservation. Next, after some background on county planning in California, the unique situation in the counties of greatest geothermal potential is discussed. These include: Imperial County and the four Geysers Counties (Sonoma, Napa, Mendocino, and Lake), as well as their joint powers agency - G.R.I.P.S. (MHR)

The transpiration of CO through the Multihundred Watt (MHW) filter can be described by Fick's first law or as a first order, reversible reaction. From Fick's first law, a ''diffusion'' coefficient of 7.8 x 10/sup -4/ cm.L/sec (L is the average path length through the filter) was determined. For the first order reversible reaction, a rate constant of 0.0058 hr/sup -1/ was obtained for both the forward and reverse reactions (they were assumed to be equal). This corresponds to a half-life of 120 hr. It was also concluded that the rate constants and thus the transpiration rates, which were determined for the test, are smaller than those expected in the IHS. The effect of increasing the number of filters, changing the volumes, and increasing the temperature, changes the rate constant of the transpiration into the PICS to roughly 0.074 hr/sup -1/ (t/sub /sup 1///sub 2// = 9.4 hr) and out of the PICS to 0.84 hr/sup -1/ (t/sub 1/2/ = 0.8 hr). Of the two suggested mechanisms for the generation of CO inside the IHS, the cyclic process requires a much larger rate of transpiration than the process requiring oxygen exchange of CO given off by the graphite. The data …

In the tritiated liquid waste decontamination by molecular excitation studies, further calculations were performed on the hydrogen atom-water exchange reactions. Assembly and testing of the cell to be used for the measurement of the HTO IR spectrum were completed. As a result of findings from trial loadings using HD as a surrogate for HT in the oxidation system, it is believed that larger quantities of HTO will be required to obtain the desired ir spectrum. This appears to be a result of a significant adsorption of the water on the inner surface of the spectrometer cell. In the catalytic exchange detritiation studies, leak checking and cold operational testing of the experimental apparatus were completed. Modifications were made to improve the operability and reliability of the system as originally designed by Engelhard Minerals and Chemicals Corp. A computer program was prepared for the calculation of twelve hydrogen isotopic compounds in thermodynamic equilibrium. This program based on the free energy minimization technique produced data on the equilibrium concentrations of tritium compounds from reactants with various T/D/H/O ratios (e.g., T/H = approximately 10/sup -8/ to approximately 10/sup -2/) at temperatures ranging from 300 to 800/sup 0/K. The bourdon tube pressure gage on the …

All of the development efforts expended on establishing a fabrication process for the MC2990 sealed header are described. Effects of molding pressure and temperature are discussed. Helium leak test data are presented for various header configurations. The header molding process as developed in this effort has resulted in an acceptance rate greater than 90 percent.

Progress is reported for a program to demonstrate by 1976 an experimental gas turbine powered automobile which meets the 1976 Federal Emissions Standards, has significantly improved fuel economy, and is competitive in performance, reliability, and potential manufacturing cost with the conventional piston engine powered, standard size American automobile. All of the baseline vehicles are now operational and are performing Program tests. Vehicle tests completed in this quarter include noise reduction, heater, air conditioning, and underhood temperature evaluations. Testing was completed on the original endurance engine. Test cell evaluation of the government furnished combustor (Solar) has commenced. Vendor A and Vendor B ceramic regenerator cores were rig tested with an improved elastomeric drive. Vendor A cores with the elastomeric drive are being engine tested. Ceramic regenerator seal wear test rig results are showing promise of achieving a low friction, non-nickel-oxide rubbing surface. The first preprototype integrated control system was delivered and placed in operation on a baseline engine in a test cell. Six ribbed compressor turbine wheels made of IN 792/Hf by the AiResearch Airefrac process were received. Rig testing of the variable inlet guide Vanes was completed and engine testing initiated. Vehicle evaluations of the torque converter lock-up were completed …

In the management of the adverse byproducts of nuclear energy, the general problem is centered in the post-reactor discharge phases. Various waste streams are generated in the reprocessing and fuel manufacturing plants which add both volume and physicochemical diversity to the nuclear fuel waste management problem. Of these streams, the high level waste (HLW) and the clad waste streams carry the principal radiological hazard and thermal power burdens when considering post reactor-discharge times in excess of roughly a year and reasonable contamination factors. In order to measure the relative importance of the high level and clad waste streams within the context of a reasonable nuclear power scenario, various technical and hazard indices are compared for the light water, enriched uranium fueled, reactor (LWR(U)). For the clad waste, two fuel models are used for the volume comparison: the Reference Fuel Assembly (RFA) and the Diablo Canyon reference fuel model (DC). The more extensive data available for the Diablo Canyon model on radioactivity and thermal power are used in the comparison of these indices. Most of this review pertains to a burnup of 33GWD/MT. A brief analysis is given of the effect of burnup and fuel model on certain clad waste characteristics. …

The Isotec Technology Program for FY-75 concentrated on materials development efforts in two areas: TPM-217 P-type material and SiGe technology. TPM-217 P-type material is a 3M proprietary thermoelectric material whose principal components are Cu, Ag, and Se. The usefulness of TPM-217 P-type selenide in thermoelectric converters depends on its dimensional, electrical, and thermal stability at high temperature and its compatibility with other converter component materials in a low-pressure environment. Experimental efforts were directed toward determining (1) the vapor species above TPM-217 from 700/sup 0/ to 1100/sup 0/C, (2) the weight loss rate for TPM-217 at 900/sup 0/C in vacuo, and (3) the stability of TPM-217 material in contact with Mo, Fe, 316 stainless steel, and pyrocarbon. The Si-Ge program is a continuation of the experimental work performed during FY-74. The development of coatings to suppress the vaporization of SiMo and SiGe continued. Techniques for applying ion-plated and chemical-vapor-deposited coatings of Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ and (Si,Al)N alloys on SiMo were examined. Methods of controlling morphology and the chemical composition of these coatings were developed. Rates of vaporization for coated samples at 1100/sup 0/C were measured.

In this report a method is given for modifying the Monte-Carlo approach so that one can accurately treat problems that involve both large and small mean free paths. This method purports to offer the advantages of the general Monte Carlo technique as far as relatively great accuracy of simulation of microscopic physical phenomena is concerned, and the advantage of a diffusion theory approach as far as decent time steps in thick problems are concerned; it does suffer from something of the statistical fluctuation problems of the Monte Carlo, although in analytically attenuated and modified form.

None

None

Projects in support of the Aerospace Nuclear Safety Program are summarized. The objective of the program was to evaluate the radiological safety of SNAP systems and to develop methods and designs to assure that safety. Projects summarized are analyses and experiments for determining: (1) the disintegration of reactors reentering the atmosphere; (2) the burnup of fuel elements reentering the atmosphere, including ablation and dispersal of particles; (3) reactor criticality conditions and the assurance of subcriticality in water; (4) the behavior of reactors in transient power operation; (5) the nuclear behavior of reactors on impact with the earth and in handling accidents; (6) the assurance of shutdown at the end of the power production lifetime; (7) risks by various exposure modes from different methods of reactor disposal; and (8) thermophysical properties of SNAP fuel materials. (auth)

None

None

None

None

The objective of this program is to investigate unique cell processing/design approaches to the successful fabrication of high-performance solar cells on silicon-on-ceramic (SOC) material. The work in the cell development area consists of two broad categories of activities: (1) the development of standard cell processing techniques, and (2) the investigation of novel device design approaches. The first area of activity has to do with the development of processing techniques for use with silicon dipped on ''slotted'' ceramic substrates. This embodiment allows us to make contact to the back surface of the silicon, thereby minimizing the front surface contact area. The second activity area is initially concerned with producing a ''stripe'' geometry cell on an unslotted ceramic substrate. The idea here is to expose the base layer for electrical contact on the top surface of the substrate and make up for the lost cell area by using an optical collector. Progress is reported.

The Federal leasing and permitting programs were analyzed, as well as those of the states of Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. The relevant statutory and regulatory frameworks of the land management agencies involved, as well as the options prepared by the Streamlining Task Force and the California State-Federal-Local Task Group were analyzed. The agencies studied include the Forest Service, the Bureau of Land Management, the Pacific Region States, as well as the roles of DOE and DOD. (MHR)