The CALS Test Network (CTN) conducted a CTN Planned Test (CPT) of several CALS standards related to the transfer of technical publication data: MIL-STD-1840A (1840A), MIL-D-28000 Class I (28000), MIL-M-28001 (28001), and MIL-D-28003 (28003). The test was conducted with the McDonnell Aircraft Company (CMAIR) of St. Louis, Missouri in accordance with part one of CTN Test Plan CTN89-TM-06 and using material from an F-15E technical manual. One focus of the test was the transfer of a moderately large volume of technical publication data. There were 9 text files, 74 Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES) files, and 74 Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM) files in the exchange package. A noteworthy feature of the test was its early attempt to exchange CGM data. Part one of CTN89-TM-06 called for technical publication data to be output from MCAIR's Xyvision system on 9-track magnetic tape. The data was to be in accordance with the 28001 subset of the Standard Generalized Mark-up Language (SGML) and the 28001 Document Type Definition (DTD) that conformed to MIL-M-38784B, the general style and format requirements for technical manuals. Technical illustrations in the manual were to be done in accordance with 28000 Class I (IGES) and 28003 (CGM). Part two of …

We report on a series of holographic shots using explosives to generate ejecta from lead. These experiments covered a range of geometries including point initiation and plane wave initiation for the H.E., and using a gas-fill in the cavity where the ejecta was produced. The final experiment, Rex-9 was a Fabry-Perot experiment at Site 300 which provided the velocity history of the lead surface for the purpose of normalizing the code being used to calculate the position of the lead surface in these experiments. The focus of this report is on the experimental technique rather than on the size measurements. We want to insure that the advances in mechanical design and experimental technique that were made during these experiments are preserved in future experiments. 8 figs., 2 tabs.

The technical work during this reporting term has principally involved the continued development, optimization and improvement of freezing drying techniques for solid ceramic oxide electrolyte powder preparation, preliminary optimization of the calcining of the ceramic electrolyte freeze dried powders to allow for optimum processing to the IGR composite, and determining (initial) electrochemical properties of the stabilized ceramic solid electrolyte at a variety of temperatures in air.

This report presents current data on production, consumption, stocks, imports, exports, and prices of the principal energy commodities in the United States. Also included are data on international production of crude oil, consumption of petroleum products, petroleum stocks, and production of electricity from nuclear-powered facilities.

During the seventh quarter, water pretreatment experiments were done at lower pressures (1000 psig), with early H{sub 2}O injection or continuous H{sub 2}O injection, and with demineralized coals. In addition, a set of blank experiments was done with all four coals in helium at the following conditions: 350{degrees}C; 4000 psig; 20 minutes. An additional experiment was done with the Zap lignite at atmospheric pressure. Helium was used instead of nitrogen since it can be obtained in highly pure grades. The purpose of the blank experiments is to determine how much of the water pretreatment process is a thermal and/or pressure effort. The residues from the standard water pretreatment experiments with Illinois and Pittsburgh coals were subjected to analysis by TG-FTIR, solvent extraction, solvent swelling, oxygen reactivity index and donor solvent liquefaction. The pyridine extractables were analyzed. With regard to liquefaction behavior, improvements in the yields of oils and toluene solubles are observed for selected Illinois and Pittsburgh coals at longer pretreatment times ({ge} 60 minutes).

The energetics and structures of clean and adsorbate covered surfaces are investigated in this dissertation. First, the formalism, within the Corrected Effective Medium (CEM) method, for calculating the surface energy of a clean surface is derived. The surface energies for many different metals and their low index surfaces are presented. The minimization of the surface energy is then used to predict the multilayer relaxation of the Al(111), (100), Ni(100), (110) and Fe(100) surfaces. Extensions of the surface CEM formalism to calculate the binding energies of ordered adsorbates on metals surfaces are also derived. The minimization of the binding energy allowed determination of the binding heights, sites and the extent of induced multilayer relaxation for H and N atoms on the Fe(110), (100) and W(110) surfaces. The last topic deals with the dynamics of the epitaxial growth of metals on metal surfaces. The CEM method was first modified by making approximations to enable faster evaluations of the potential and its corresponding forces for molecular dynamics simulations. The goal of these simulations was to identify the important steps in the formation of equilibrium epitaxial structures. 180 refs., 31 figs., 18 tabs.

The 9968 package is designed for surface shipment of fissile and other radioactive materials where a high degree of double containment is required. The use of the 9968 radioactive material package for a one time shipment of a 32 watt heat source versus the SARP approved maximum 30 watt heat source is addressed in this report. The analyses show that the small increase in heat load from 30 watts to 32 watts does not substantially increase internal temperatures or pressures that would approach limits for the package. Also, the weight of the content is within the current 9968 package limits. It is concluded that the 32-watt heat source can be safely shipped in the 9968 package and therefore a waiver to ship the source is justified.

Our research program is devoted to understanding the dynamics of elementary ionic collisions at the level of the underlying potential surface by measuring energy and angular distributions of reactively scattered products with crossed beam methods over the relative center-of-mass energy range from 0.3 to several eV. We have performed reactive and non-reactive scattering studies on the proton and hydrogen atom transfer systems listed below: O + NH{sub 3} {yields} OH + NH{sub 2} {delta}H = {minus}0.2 eV O + H{sub 2}O {yields} OH + OH {delta}H = +0.4 eV. In both of these systems, the reactions are hypothesized to occur on potential energy surfaces having two minima. The first minimum corresponds to the formation of an electrostatically bound complex, e.g., O(H{sub 2}O), followed by an intramolecular hydrogen atom/proton transfer to yield OH{center dot}OH, which may then form the products by cleavage of the complex.

The Plutonium Immobilization Facility will immobilize plutonium in ceramic pucks and seal the pucks inside welded cans. Remote equipment will place these cans in magazines and the magazines in a Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) canister. The DWPF will fill the canister with glass for permanent storage. This report summarizes FY98 Can Loading work completed for the Plutonium Immobilization Project and it includes summaries of reports on Can Size, Equipment Review, Preliminary Concepts, Conceptual Design, and Preliminary Specification. Plant trip reports for the Greenville Automation and Manufacturing Exposition, Rocky Flats BNFL Pu repackaging glovebox line, and vendor trips are also included.

Estimates of the localizability of electron-cyclotron heating power are made for the Compact Ignition Tokamak. A particular heating scenario is examined, namely, the fundamental O-mode, injected nearly perpendicular to the toroidal magnetic field. The absorption depth due to finite T{sub e} is very small, about 1 cm, near the q = 2 surface. Absorption is even better localized near q = 1. Several issues that might lead to degraded localizability are reviewed. Use of an intense, pulsed microwave source is the only issue with a possibly significant impact. 3 refs.

This report discusses the Plutonium Immobilization can loading preliminary equipment specifications and includes a process block diagram, process description, equipment list, preliminary equipment specifications, plan and elevation sketches, and some commercial catalogs. This report identifies loading pucks into cans and backfilling cans with helium as the top priority can loading development areas.

A high pressure apparatus constructed for measuring the rates of reactions in liquids under pressures ranging from 1 atm to 2000 atm has been used to measure the complexation kinetics of molybdenum hexacarbonyl reacting with 2,2-bipyridine, 4,4{prime}-dimethyl-2-2{prime}-bipyridine and 4,4{prime}-diphenyl-2-2{prime} bipyridine in toluene. Pentacarbonyl reaction intermediates are created by a 10 nsec flash of frequency tripled Nd:YAG laser light. Measured activation volumes for chelate ligand ring closure indicate a change in mechanism from associative interchange to dissociative interchange as steric hindrance increases. A similar high pressure kinetics study of molybdenum carbonyl complexation by several substituted phenanthrolines is now well advanced that indicates that with the more rigid phenanthroline ligands steric effects from bulky substituents have less effect on the ring closure mechanism than in the case of the bipyridine ligands. An experimental concentration dependence of the fluorescence quantum yield of cresyl violet has been harmonized with previously published contradictory reports. Fluorescence of cresyl violet in various solvents and in micellar systems has also been systematically explored.

The availability of instrumentation to measure the high outlet gas temperature of a particle bed reactor is a topic of some concern. There are a number of possible techniques with advantages and disadvantages. In order to provide some baseline choice of instrumentation, a review has been conducted of these various technologies. This report summarizes the results of this review for a group of technologies loosely defined as optical techniques (excluding optical pyrometry). The review has concentrated on a number of questions for each technology investigated. These are: (1) Description of the technology, (2) Anticipated sensitivity and accuracy, (3) Requirements for implementation, (4) Necessary development time and costs, (5) Advantages and disadvantages of the technology. Each of these areas was considered for a technology and a large number of technologies were considered in a review of the literature. Based upon this review it was found that a large number of methods exist to measure temperatures in excess of 2000 K. None of the methods found were ideal. Four methods, however, appeared to warrant further consideration: opto-mechanical expansion thermometry, surface Raman spectroscopy, gas-phase Raman spectroscopy and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS). These techniques will be discussed further in this document.

Our objectives during this quarter was to complete studies on the kinetics of methanol synthesis reaction in the slurry reactor with long periods of on stream studies, start experimentation in the trickle bed reactor assembly, investigate simulation studies using the piston-exchange (PE) and piston-dispersion-exchange (PDE) models, and introduce water gas shift reaction as the second reaction in our simulation studies.

The concept of a Super Fixed Target Beauty Facility (SFT) which uses a relatively low intensity 20 TeV proton beam as a generator of very high momenta B's is an exciting prospect which is very competitive with other B factory ideas. The yields of B's in such a facility are quite high (3 {times} 10{sup 10} {yields} 10{sup 11} B's per year). At this level of statistics, CP violation measurements will be possible in many modes. In addition, the fixed target configuration, because of the high momenta of the produced B's and the resulting long decay lengths, facilitates the detection and reconstruction of B's and offers unique opportunities for observation of the B decays. The limited solid angle coverage required for the fixed target spectrometer makes the cost of the facility much cheaper than other e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} or hadron collider options under consideration. The relatively low intensity 20 TeV beam (1 {yields} 2 {times} 10{sup 8} protons/second) needed for the SFT makes it possible to consider an extraction system which operates concurrently and in a non-interfering manner with the other collider experiments. One possible method for generating such a beam, crystal channeling, is discussed.

This report covers the progress made on the title project for the project period. Four major areas of inquiry are being pursued. Advanced solid state NMR methods are being developed to assay the distribution of the various important functional groups that determine the reactivity of coals. Special attention is being paid to methods that are compatible with the very high magic angle sample spinning rates needed for operation at the high magnetic field strengths available today. Polarization inversion methods utilizing the difference in heat capacities of small groups of spins are particularly promising. Methods combining proton-proton spin diffusion with [sup 13]C CPMAS readout are being developed to determine the connectivity of functional groups in coals in a high sensitivity relay type of experiment. Additional work is aimed at delineating the role of methyl group rotation in the proton NMR relaxation behavior of coals.

Results are reported on adsorption of water vapor on reservoir rocks, physics of injection of water into vapor-dominated geothermal reservoirs, earth-tide effects on downhole pressures, injection optimization at the Geysers, effects of salinity in adsorption experiments, interpreting multiwell pressure data from Ohaaki, and estimation of adsorption parameters from transient experiments.

A mathematical model for the formation rate of ammonium nitrate in the off-gas line of the Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT) and the Slurry Mixed Evaporator (SME) in DWPF has been developed. The formation rate of ammonium nitrate in the off-gas line depends on pH, temperature, volume and total concentration of ammonia and ammonium ion. Based on a typical SRAT and SME cycle in DWPF, this model predicts the SRAT contributes about 50 lbs of ammonium nitrate while SME contributes about 60 lbs of ammonium nitrate to the off-gas line.

The principal objective of this research is to determine the role host petroleum-derived oils (1000[degrees]F+), as well as that of catalytically treated host oils, play when used as liquefaction solvents in coprocessing with coal. The host oils will be extensively characterized and then pretreated in a number of ways which involve catalytic reactions such as hydrogenation, hydrocracking, isomerization, and dehydrogenation. The pretreated oils win then be characterized. The effects of the host oil on coprocessing with coal win be compared to those obtained using catalytically modified heavy oils. When appropriate, model compounds will be used to study specific reactions brought about by the pretreatments. Highly dispersed iron catalysts modified by the addition of small amounts of other metals wig be used to modify the chemical composition of the host oils. Work continued on Task H during this quarter. In the first phase of this task, the test oil, an Amoco resid, is being treated with hydrogenation catalysts such as Mo(CO)[sub 6] and Fe[sub 2]O[sub 3]/SO[sub 4] to determine the conditions necessary to increase the hydrogen content from about 10.2 wt % to about 11.5 wt %. In the second phase, more severe hydrogenation/hydrorefining is being carried out to determine the …

Phase transformation and cracking during RT aging of charged, high-purity Fe18Cr12Ni alloy and commerical 304 ss were examined; results show that [epsilon]* (hcp) hydride formed on Fe18Cr12Ni upon charging, and it decomposed rapidly to form first [epsilon] and then [alpha]' martensite. Morphology of fracture surfaces of Fe18Cr12Ni produced by corrosion fatigue in NaCl solutions and in hydrogen was found to be identical. Effort was made to examine the approaches and methodologies used in service life predictions and reliability analyses.

During design reviews of the Recycle Colection Tank (RCT) at the Savannah River Site it was determined that in all cases the RCT scrub solution could not be routed to the RCT. During transfers to the tank farm (estimated ten hour cycle), the ammonia evolved from the RCT is scrubbed by the RCT scrubber and the ammonia scrub water must be returned to the SMECT. The result of this is an increased steady state concentration of ammonium in the SMECT water used for the ammonia scrubbers. The maximum ammonium concentration is necessary for the sizing of the ammonia scrubbers for the Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT),Slurry Mix Evaporator (SME), and RCT.

The Mark 22 assemblies previously charged to the P Reactor as the P-11 charge, but never irradiated, are stored in borated racks in Building 105-K Assembly Area. The assemblies are stored inside aluminum cans into which they are placed and subsequently dried upon removal from the P-Reactor. This report discusses non-destructive examinations supplemented by destructive examination of a small number of these assemblies made to establish the acceptability of these assemblies for use as the K-15 charge.

Three experiments were conducted within a semiarid shrubland to test the role of nitrogen availability as a control mechanism in secondary succession. Secondary succession patterns were documented for seven years and effects of increased and decreased N availability levels, fumigation, and competition by early-seral species were tested. Differential responses by seral species were determined and related to successional patterns. Nitrogen availability was found to be a primary mechanism controlling the rate of succession. Relative growth rate was an important factor determining which species initially dominated and N availability became the primary control factor by the third year. As N availability increased, the rate of succession decreased. Conversely, as N availability was decreased, the rate of succession increased. The abundance of annuals was increased and abundance of perennials decreased by increased N availability. Tissue N concentration was related to lifeform and seral position, and these relationships were important in the transition from early- to mid-seral stages. Decomposer subsystem dynamics were correlated with seral community dynamics. The effect of fumigation was minimized by initially planting with late-seral species. A conceptual model of secondary succession is presented based on N availability, relative growth rate, lifeform, and decomposition dynamics.

Much has been written about ceramic superconductors since their discovery in 1986. Most of this writing reports and describes scientific research. However, some authors have sought to put this research in context: to assess where the field stands, what might be technically feasible, what might be economically feasible, and what potential impacts ceramic superconductors will bring to the electric power sector. This report's purpose is to make the results of already published assessments readily available. To that end, this report lists and provides abstracts for various technical and economic assessments related to applications of High-Temperature Superconductors (HTS) to the electric power sector. Those studies deemed most important are identified and summarized. These assessments were identified by two means. First, members of the Executive Committee identified some reports as worthy of consideration and forwarded them to Argonne National Laboratory. Twelve assessments were selected. Each of these is listed and summarized in the following section. Second, a bibliographic search was performed on five databases: INSPEC, NTIS, COMPENDEX, Energy Science Technology, and Electric Power Database. The search consisted of first selecting all papers related to High Temperature Superconductors. Then papers related to SMES, cables, generators, motors, fault current limiters, or electric utilities were …