The application of hyperfiltration to selected food product streams and food processing wastewaters for energy conservation was examined. This literature survey had led to the following conclusions: no research has been conducted in the food industry using membranes with hot process streams due to the temperature limitation (< 40/sup 0/C) of the typically studied cellulose acetate membranes; based on the bench-scale research reviewed, concentration of fruit and vegetable juices with membranes appears to be technically feasible; pretreatment and product recovery research was conducted with membranes on citrus peel oil, potato processing and brine wastewaters and wheys. The experiments demonstrated that these applications are feasible; many of the problems that have been identified with membranes are associated with either the suspended solids or the high osmotic pressure and viscosity of many foods; research using dynamic membranes has been conducted with various effluents, at temperatures to approx. 100/sup 0/C, at pressures to 1200 psi and with suspended solids to approx. 2%; and, the dynamic membrane is being prototype tested by NASA for high temperature processing of shower water. The literature review substantiates potential for dynamic membrane on porous stainless tubes to process a number of hot process and effluent streams in the …

This document is intended as a supplement to the two-volume report entitled Federal Policies to Promote the Widespread Utilization of Photovoltaic Systems that was submitted to Congress by the Department of Energy in February and April of 1980. This supplement contains review comments prepared by knowledgeable experts who reviewed early drafts of the Congressional report. Responses to the review comments by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, preparer of the Congressional report, are also included in this supplement. The Congressional report, mandated in the Solar Photovoltaic Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-590), discusses various issues related to promoting the deployment of photovoltaic systems through the Federal Photovoltaic Program. Various program strategies and funding levels are examined.

Reaction kinetic measurements on the hydrochlorination of SiCl/sub 4/ and m.g. silicon metal were last reported as a function of reaction temperature, reactor pressure and H/sub 2//SiCl/sub 4/ feed ratio. 3 SiCl/sub 4/ + S H/sub 2/ + Si reversible 4 SiHCl/sub 3/. The same reaction has been studied in the presence of a copper catalyst. The presence of copper approximately doubles the reaction rates. A cement-type copper supplied by Union Carbide was evaluated at 5 wt % loading. After an induction period of about 22 hours, it began to show significant catalytic activity. Reaction kinetic measurements were then made as a function of reaction temperature (450/sup 0/, 500/sup 0/C), reactor pressure (300, 500 psig) and H/sub 2//SiCl/sub 4/ feed ratio (1.0 and 2.8). Another copper compound (CuCl) also was evaluated as a catalyst at 5 wt %. With CuCl, there was no induction period and full catalytic activity was observed soon after the reactor was brought to reaction conditions. Both cement copper and CuCl show about the same catalytic activity by doubling the reaction rate. Results of the copper studies provide some experimental evidence on the mechanism of the hydrochlorination reaction and on the nature of the copper catalyst.

Information is presented on LMFBR reactor safety concerning the energetics effects of sodium spray fires; sodium drop and spray burning; core debris accommodation; attenuation in containment; and attenuation in the environment.

The gaseous uranium species UF, UF/sub 2/, UF/sub 3/, and UF/sub 4/ were generated in effusion cell beams by vaporization of UF/sub 4/(s) under reducing conditions, and they were identified and studied by mass spectrometry. From extensive second-law studies of reaction equilibria involving these species and several reaction partners used as reference standards, the individual bond dissociation energies and standard enthalpies of formation of the U-F species were derived. Reaction entropies derived from the slope data indicate that the electronic entropies of the U-F species are substantial, and are comparable to or larger than that of atomic uranium. Additional thermochemical measurements were made to establish the properties of several Ag and Cu monohalides that have been or will be used as reference standards in the uranium halide measurements. From studies of the sublimation and decomposition of uranyl fluoride, UO/sub 2/F/sub 2/(s), the enthalpy of sublimation of UO/sub 2/F/sub 2/(g), has been determined, and another gaseous oxyfluoride, UOF/sub 4/(g), has been tentatively identified. The gaseous products of decomposition of UO/sub 2/F/sub 2/(s) observed by mass spectrometry differ from those postulated by other investigators, indicating that the mechanism of decomposition has not been clearly established. A search of the thermochemical literature on …

A description is given of the construction, operation and calibration of the 50 MeV polarimeter which was used at the ZGS. The dependence of the observed counts on various parameters, including the beam polarization, beam intensity and the solid angle in the two polarimeter arms is also discussed.

Construction of the new trickle-bed reactor was completed and one experiment was conducted. The experimental run was made using a Pamco coal-derived liquid containing 0.40% sulfur and 0.95% nitrogen. The catalyst utilized was an American Cyanamide HDN-30, Ni-Mo-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/. Run conditions were at 399C (750F), 1500 psig and space times up to two hours. Sample analyses are not yet available from this experiment. Two runs were completed in the Catalyst Life Test Unit (CLTU) utilizing a liquid containing 50% Synthoil and 50% Raw Anthracene oil. This fluid has a 0.54% sulfur and 1.21% nitrogen. Two Ni-MoAl/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalysts were used - Shell-324, and H-Oil. Both experiments were terminated prematurely because of equipment malfunction. Sample analyses are not yet available from these two experiments.