This document is a final report for DOE grant DE-FG02-00ER41147. The research described herein was funded in large part by this grant with additional support from the National Science Foundation. The primary focus of Averett's research effort is centered around the polarized {sup 3}He target in Hall A at Jefferson Lab. The close proximity of the College of William and Mary to Jefferson Lab has provided an outstanding opportunity to maintain a very active research program which still satisfying the demands of the college. Our research group includes four faculty, two post-doctoral fellows and eight graduate students. Averett also maintains a fully functional polarized {sup 3}e target lab at William and Mary which allows him to support the research program at Jefferson Lab while also doing research on polarized targets themselves. Since 1998, seven experiments using polarized {sup 3}He have been completed by the Jefferson Lab Hall A Polarized {sup 3}He Collaboration. Ten publications have been produced on this research and analysis of the two most recently completed experiments is underway. A description of the recent experiments and results is given below. In addition to target expertise, Averett has remained one of the most active collaborators in the data analysis …

The operational characteristics of the Cosmotron were reviewed in brief. Since a rather complete account of this machine is now available in the September 1953 issue of Rev. Sci. Inst., this summary will include only the more recent utilization of the machine as a research instrument.

Environmental surveillance on and around the Hanford Site, located in southeastern Washington State, is conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, which is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy. The environmental surveillance data collected for this report provide a historical record of radionuclide and radiation levels attributable to natural causes, worldwide fallout, and Hanford Site operations. Data were also collected to monitor several chemicals and metals in Columbia River water, sediment, and wildlife. These data are included in this appendix. This report is the first of two appendices that support "Hanford Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 2007" (PNNL-17603), which describes the Hanford Site mission and activities, general environmental features, radiological and chemical releases from operations, status of compliance with environmental regulations, status of programs to accomplish compliance, Hanford Site cleanup and remediation efforts, and environmental monitoring activities and results.

Near-facility environmental monitoring is defined as monitoring near facilities that have the potential to discharge or have discharged, stored, or disposed of radioactive or hazardous materials. Monitoring locations are associated with nuclear facilities such as the Plutonium Finishing Plant (PFP), Canister Storage Building (CSB), and the K Basins; inactive nuclear facilities such as N Reactor and the Plutonium-Uranium Extraction (PUREX) Facility; and waste storage or disposal facilities such as burial grounds, cribs, ditches, ponds, tank farms, and trenches. Much of the monitoring consists of collecting and analyzing environmental samples and methodically surveying areas near facilities. The program is also designed to evaluate acquired analytical data, determine the effectiveness of facility effluent monitoring and controls, assess the adequacy of containment at waste disposal units, and detect and monitor unusual conditions.

The analysis of extremely large data sets is time-consuming and tedious. In this project, we create two tools, the Image Inspector and the Video Inspector, to aid in the automated analysis of 3D temporal data from simulations. Our problem is the 3-dimensional time varying data of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in a fluid mix problem. We examine the bubble dynamics due to the acceleration of gravity in an initially perturbed interface between a heavier and lighter fluid. Through the use of OpenGL and C++, we automate the capture of the temporal dependence of selected features along a chosen path in a time-dependent 3D simulation. The selected feature, e.g., the height of a bubble, is displayed graphically as a function of position and time. The path can be chosen arbitrarily; differing from previous projects which required the use of horizontal or vertical orientation.

The University of Michigan participated in the joint UCLA/Maryland fusion science center focused on plasma physics problems for which the traditional separation of the dynamics into microscale and macroscale processes breaks down. These processes involve large scale flows and magnetic fields tightly coupled to the small scale, kinetic dynamics of turbulence, particle acceleration and energy cascade. The interaction between these vastly disparate scales controls the evolution of the system. The enormous range of temporal and spatial scales associated with these problems renders direct simulation intractable even in computations that use the largest existing parallel computers. Our efforts focused on two main problems: the development of Hall MHD solvers on solution adaptive grids and the development of solution adaptive grids using generalized coordinates so that the proper geometry of inertial confinement can be taken into account and efficient refinement strategies can be obtained.

The potential environmental and socioeconomic impacts of the production of energy contained in hot dry rock (HDR) is surveyed here. In general, careful siting and timing and routine control measures should be adequate to prevent significant environmental harm; sites of particular ecological or visual and recreational value, however, may require more extensive (and more expensive) precautions such as using multiwell pads to reduce land disturbance and dry or wet and dry cooling towers to reduce or eliminate the consumptive use of water. The most important uncertainty among the environmental concerns is the seismic response of HDR formations to short-duration fluid injections at pressures above fracture thresholds; continued monitoring at HDR development sites is necessary. The direct socioeconomic impacts of HDR development should be relatively minor, owing to its capital-intensive nature. Of greater potential importance are the indirect jobs resulting from such development, which could cause significant demographic (and thus fiscal and social) impacts in sparsely populated regions. However, such indirect growth is not expected to begin until a large, stable HDR industry is established in a region, and thus its impacts are expected to be permanent rather than transient.

This report presents the results of a laboratory effort which was undertaken to determine mechanical properties of salt from Lyons, Kansas. Another goal of the experimental work was to define testing procedures, calibrations and data reduction during the process of generating strength data. Mechanical properties such as modulus of deformation and principal strain ratio were incorporated into simulations of Project Salt Vault using finite element methods. Deformational behavior of Lyons salt subjected to constant stress levels for extended periods of time was also evaluated in this experimental effort and compared to results determined for salt from other locations. Strength data and empirical relationships of strain as a function of time, stress and temperature were reduced for application to finite element analyses.

The design requirements, subsystem characteristics, environmental requirements, and cost and performance evaluation techniques are defined for the HTLF Large Solar Power System. The system is described as consisting of an array of linear focusing heliostats focusing on tower-mounted linear receivers. Heat transfer is by water/steam, and sensible heat storage is in oil/rock. (LEW)

A rapid method is presented for calculating transport in a network of one-dimensional flow paths or ''pipes''. The method defines a Green's function for each flow path and prescribes a method of combining these Green's functions to produce an overall Green's function for the flow path network. A unique feature of the method is the use of the Laplace transform of these Green's functions to carry out most of the calculations.

The possible operating points of air/water and helium/water steam generators are parametrically presented. Calculation procedures and a sample computer program listing are provided. Multiple saturated steam conditions are shown to be attainable with the same gas inlet and exit temperatures. Design considerations of heat transfer surface area and pumping requirements are also discussed.

During the IDMS noble-metal demonstration runs ammonium nitrate deposition was found in the vessel vent system of the feed preparation area. In the bench-scale experiments of studying the hydrogen generation during the sludge treatment cycle, ammonium ion production was also monitored. It was found that: During a simulation of the DWPF Cold Chemical Runs SRAT cycle no detectable amount of ammonium ions was generated when treating a non-noble-metal containing sludge simulant according to the nitric acid flowsheet. Ammonium ions were generated during the SRAT-SME cycle when treating the noble-metal containing sludge with either formic acid or nitric acid/late-washing PHA. This is due to the reaction between formic acid and nitrate catalyzed by the noble metals in the sludge simulant. Ammonium ion production closely followed the hydrogen evolution from the catalytic decomposition of formic acid. This report summarizes the results of the production of ammonia during the SRAT cycle.

As the Nuclear Regulatory Commission has not yet issued a format guide for the preparation of an environmental impact statement for radioactive waste repositories, Rockwell Hanford operations has developed an annotated outline which will serve as the basis for the environmental evaluation activities until replaced by an appropriate NRC regulatory guide. According to the outline, the applicant should summarize the major environmental effects that are expected to occur during the construction, operation, and terminal isolation phases of the radioactive material repository. Compare these environmental effects with the possible effect of continued use of interim storage facilities. Unless unforeseen environmental effects become apparent, the summary should be a positive statement indicating that the short-term environmental effects are outweighed by the long-term benefits of the repository. (JSR)

This report discusses issues regarding the Presidential Nomination Process including information about the 2008 election, calendar changes from 1988 to 2008, changes to national party rules for 2012, an evaluation of the primary system, reform proposals, and legislative considerations.

This document outlines a detection-level groundwater monitoring program for the state-approved land disposal structure (SALDS). The SALDS is an infiltration basin proposed for disposal of treated effluent from the 200 Areas of the Hanford Site. The purpose of this plan is to present a groundwater monitoring program that is capable of determining the impact of effluent disposal at the SALDS on the quality of groundwater in the uppermost aquifer. This groundwater monitoring plan presents an overview of the SALDS, the geology and hydrology of the area, the background and indicator evaluation (detection) groundwater monitoring program, and an outline of a groundwater quality assessment (compliance) program. This plan does not provide a plan for institutional controls to track tritium beyond the SALDS.

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Investigators are studying hydrogen purification by membrane technology as a means to make the coal-to-hydrogen route economically attractive. To allow prediction of membrane performance and to facilitate comparisons between membrane and other technologies (cryogenic distillation, pressure swing adsorption), they developed a mathematical model to describe the permeation process inside a membrane module. The results of this model were compared with available experimental data (separation of CO{sub 2}/O{sub 2}/N{sub 2} mixtures). The model was first used to calculate the gas permeabilities from one set of mixed-gas experiments; the resulting permeabilities were then used to predict the results of the other mixed-gas experiments. The agreement between these predictions and the experimental data was good. However, model predictions using gas permeabilities obtained in pure gas experiments did not agree with the mixed gas experimental data. This disagreement is believed to be due to plasticization of the membrane by contact with CO{sub 2}. These results indicate that data obtained from experiments with mixed-gas feeds are necessary to adequately predict membrane performance when CO{sub 2} is present. The performance of different system configurations, including one and two stages of membrane modules, was examined. The different configurations examined were single module (SM), single module with recycle …

Recent discussions in the group have given rise to the problem of determining whether the beta contamination found in the Columbia River is carried by the algae which are found in the retention basin. The algae accumulate in the basin and apparently remain there longer than the retained water, and thus may be contaminated to a greater extent than the water itself.

The objectives of this test are to obtain a current knowledge of the H Reactor flow system characteristics under various transient conditions which have a reasonable probability of occurrence. The test data will be used to revaluate: (1) the H Reactor bulk effluent temperature limits, (2) the margin between the Ball 3X riser pressure trip settings, and (3) the quantitative adequacy of emergency flow available from the combined high tanks export system. This test will consist of two parts: (a) Measurement of the flow characteristics during transition from the primary coolant system to the secondary coolant system (190 steam driven pumps.) (b) Measurement of the adequacy of the last-ditch emergency water system (combined high tanks-export system) during a simulated primary and secondary coolant system failure.

It is of interest to investigate the time following a complete loss of coolant incident when the pile would be exposed to the ambient air. This is of concern due to the fast propagation of graphite burn-up when brought in contact with air at or above the operating temperature of the graphite (1292{degree}F). One possible way conjectured in which the pile can be exposed to the surrounding environment is for the centering flange gasket (neoprene) or the bellows gas seal (silicone) to fail. This particular study was concerned with the temperature transient of the seals following the extreme accident condition of complete loss of coolant. This problem is one of many being investigated in a concentrated effort to re-evaluate the effectiveness of the confinement system of the smaller reactors. The maximum credible accident for the DUN operated production reactors has been the loss of coolant to a single cross header. The Hanford philosophy of reactor safety has been the provision of reliable methods of cooling fuel in all accident situations short of severance of the primary coolant piping or destruction of the reactor building. However, for the present study the more serious accident of complete loss of coolant was investigated. …

Abstract: Ten days were spent during June 1955, examining the sedimentary rocks along the San Juan and Colorado Rivers between Mexican Hat, Utah, and Lee's Ferry, Arizona. The most favorable area for uranium deposits occurs in the Shinarump member of the Chinle formation between Clay Hills Crossing and Spencer Camp along the San Juan River. Mineralization is spotty and deposits are small and almost all below ore-grade. Only one small mine, the Whirlwind, is currently producing ore. Gray-green alteration of the underlying Moenkopi is moderately developed in the vicinity of the Whirlwind mine; elsewhere alteration is weakly developed.

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Models which describe road traffic patterns can be helpful in detection and/or prevention of uncommon and dangerous situations. Such models can be built by the use of motion detection algorithms applied to video data. Block matching is a standard technique for encoding motion in video compression algorithms. We explored the capabilities of the block matching algorithm when applied for object tracking. The goal of our experiments is two-fold: (1) to explore the abilities of the block matching algorithm on low resolution and low frame rate video and (2) to improve the motion detection performance by the use of different search techniques during the process of block matching. Our experiments showed that the block matching algorithm yields good object tracking results and can be used with high success on low resolution and low frame rate video data. We observed that different searching methods have small effect on the final results. In addition, we proposed a technique based on frame history, which successfully overcame false motion caused by small camera movements.

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