This publication provides monthly statistics at the national, Census division, and State levels for net generation, fuel consumption, fuel stocks, quantity and quality of fuel, cost of fuel, electricity sales, revenue, and average revenue per kilowatthour of electricity sold. Data on net generation, fuel consumption, fuel stocks, quantity and cost of fuel are also displayed at the North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) region level. Additionally, statistics at the company and plant level are published in the EPM on capability of new plants, net generation, fuel consumption, fuel stocks, quantity and quality of fuel, and cost of fuel. 4 figs., 63 tabs.

An accurate Mark I /sup 1///sub 5/-scale, boiling water reactor (BWR), pressure suppression facility was designed and constructed at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL) in 11 months. Twenty-seven air tests using the facility are described. Cost was minimized by utilizing equipment borrowed from other LLL programs. The total value of borrowed equipment exceeded the program's budget of $2,020,000. Substantial flexibility in the facility was used to permit independent variation in the drywell pressure-time history, initial pressure in the drywell and toroidal wetwells, initial toroidal wetwell water level and downcomer length, vent line flow resistance, and vent line flow asymmetry. The two- and three-dimensional sectors of the toroidal wetwell provided significant data.

The objective of the proposed work is to demonstrate the operational and economic feasibility of using high-temperature ceramic filters for particulate control in a variety of coal gasification power generating systems.

A valve for damping out flow surges in a vacuum system is described. The surge-damping mechanism consists of a slotted, spring-loaded disk adjacent to the valve's vacuum port (the flow passage to the vacuum roughing pump). Under flow surge conditions, the differential pressure forces the disk into a sealing engagement with the vacuum port, thereby restricting the gas flow path to narrow slots in the disk's periphery. The increased flow damps out the flow surge. When pressure is equalized on both sides of the valve, the spring load moves the disk away from the port to restore full flow conductance through the valve.

Continuous dissolution of Zircaloy-2 in a titanium dissolver appears practical using as a dissolvent refluxing 3 M HNO/sub 2/-l.2 M HF--0.4 M HBF/sub 4/-0.6 M Cr(III)-0.4 M Cr(VI)--0.46 M Zr. Dissolution and corrosion rates were 10 mg/cm/sub 2/-min and 0.0 mil/mo in short term tests, respectively. A stable product solution containing 0.36 M Zr was obtained after addition of aluminum nitrate to complex fluoride ion. Another reagent investigated for use in continuous dissolution was 16 M HNO/sub 3/-2.6 M F-0.025 M HBF/sub 4/-1.4 M Zr with short term titanium corrosion rates of 0.0 mil/mo. However, Zircaloy-2 dissolution rates were only 3 mg/cm/sup 2/-min in the latter reagent. (auth)

A linear-induction-motor drive system to position machine tool slides has been developed on a test bed that utilizes an air-bearing slide, laser interferometer feedback, and a microprocessor-based servo system. Static and dynamic positioning accuracies of +-16 nm (+-0.6 ..mu..in) have been demonstrated.

In the course of a rather cursory examination of the elution of tetra-positive ions from the cation exchange resin Dowex 50 with hydrochloric acid solutions, the authors have discovered a very effective method of separating zirconium from hafnimu. In view of the great labor involved in preparing even reasonably pure hafnium compounds by existing methods, they feel that this procedure will prove very valuable to those interested in obtaining hafnium compounds free of zirconium. Although the conditions which give satisfactory separation were first worked out using microgram amounts of material and the radioactive tracer technique, the run described here, involving milligrams of material, illustrates the applicability of the method to the production of significant amounts of pure hafnium and zirconium.

The energy use in America's commercial and residential building sectors is large and growing. Over 38 quadrillion Btus (Quads) of primary energy were consumed in 2002, representing 39% of total U.S. energy consumption. While the energy use in buildings is expected to grow to 52 Quads by 2025, a large number of energy-related technologies exist that could curtail this increase. In recent years, improvements in such items as high efficiency refrigerators, compact fluorescent lights, high-SEER air conditioners, and improved building shells have all contributed to reducing energy use. Hundreds of other technology improvements have and will continue to improve the energy use in buildings. While many technologies are well understood and are gradually penetrating the market, more advanced technologies will be introduced in the future. The pace and extent of these advances can be improved through state and federal R&D. This report focuses on the long-term potential for energy-efficiency improvement in buildings. Five promising technologies have been selected for description to give an idea of the wide range of possibilities. They address the major areas of energy use in buildings: space conditioning (33% of building use), water heating (9%), and lighting (16%). Besides describing energy-using technologies (solid-state lighting and geothermal …

The LHC Interaction Region Quadrupoles (IRQ) will be shipped from Fermilab to CERN. The IRQ magnets are supported by glass fiber supports. A prototype cryostat support has been tested under various mechanical forces in order to check its mechanical behavior. These measurements have been made in order to validate a numerical model. A large range of mechanical loads simulates loads due to the shipment of the device, the weight of the cold mass as well as the cool down conditions. Its mechanical properties are measured by means of a dedicated arrangement operating at room temperature. This study appears to be essential to optimize the design of the support. The purpose of this note is to summarize the first measurements related to mechanical tests performed with the support.

A comprehensive safety analysis was performed on the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Heavy Element Facility, Building 251. The purpose of the analysis was to evaluate the building and its operations in order to inform LLNL and the Department of Energy of the risks they assume at Building 251. This was done by examining all of the energy sources and matching them with the physical and administrative barriers that control, prevent, or mitigate their hazards. Risk was evaluated for each source under both normal and catastrophic circumstances such as fire, flood, high wind, lighting, earthquake, and criticality. No significant safety deficiencies were found; it is concluded that the operation of the facility presents no unacceptable risk.

This report describes recent progress in a fundamental, three-year investigation of carbon formation and its effects on the activity and selectivity of promoted iron catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis, the objectives of which are: determine rates and mechanisms of carbon deactivation of unsupported Fe and Fe/K catalysts during CO hydrogenation over a range of CO concentrations, CO:H{sub 2} ratios, and temperatures; model the rates of deactivation of the same catalysts in fixed-bed reactors. During the thirteenth quarter design of software for a computer-automated reactor system to be used in the kinetic and deactivation studies was continued. Further progress was made toward the completion of the control language, control routines, and software for operating this system. Progress was also made on the testing of the system hardware and software. H{sub 2} chemisorption capacities and activity selectivity data were also measured for three iron catalysts promoted with 1% alumina. 47 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

When Fermilab was designed in the late 1960's and early 1970's, it was anticipated that Neutrino target train servicing could be costly in terms of personnel radiation exposure. This was based in part on the expectation that target intensities of at least 1E13 protons/pulse would be required to produce several neutrino interactions in a large bubble chamber detector. This was indeed later proven to be the case and historically the Neutrino beamline has been targeted with about one half of the protons available from the Main Ring. It was believed that much of the occupational radiation dose from the Neutrino Area could be spared by utilization of a remote manipulator system, which was eventually installed. It is the purpose of this report to examine the use of the Fermilab remote manipulator system and evaluate its cost effectiveness and success as an ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) tool. 16 references, 11 figures.

The Fifth International Symposium in Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy and Its Applications was attended. The Joint Research Centre of the European Communities at Ispra, Italy was also visited. The traveler presented an invited talk, chaired a meeting session and gave an impromptu presentation on how current laser technology limits the development of commercial instrumentation based upon Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy. The conference was truely international with scientists from 19 countries and less than 1/4 from the US. The meeting also provided a health mixture of experimentalists and theoreticians. Technical developments reported included the use of electric field ionization from laser prepared Rydberg states as a way to reduce background signals and commercial development of an optical parametric oscillator for replacing pulsed dye laser. A speaker from the Soviet Union suggested their willingness to market hardware they have developed based upon the resonance ionization technique.

As part of the EIA program on petroleum, The US Petroleum Refining Industry in the 1980's, presents a historical analysis of the changes that took place in the US petroleum refining industry during the 1980's. It is intended to be of interest to analysts in the petroleum industry, state and federal government officials, Congress, and the general public. The report consists of six chapters and four appendices. Included is a detailed description of the major events and factors that affected the domestic refining industry during this period. Some of the changes that took place in the 1980's are the result of events that started in the 1970's. The impact of these events on US refinery configuration, operations, economics, and company ownership are examined. 23 figs., 11 tabs.

This document is the interface between the 300 Area Liquid Effluent Process Engineering (LEPE) group and the Waste Sampling and Characterization Facility (WSCF), concerning process control samples. It contains a schedule for process control samples at the 300 Area TEDF which describes the parameters to be measured, the frequency of sampling and analysis, the sampling point, and the purpose for each parameter.

An experimental program was carried out to evaluate the validity of using the cesium-137 content of coating waste as an indirect measure of the uranium and/or plutonium content. A small number of large volume samples and a large number of normal (small volume) samples of Redox and Purex coating waste were used for the investigations. The distribution of cesium, uranium, and plutonium throughout the two-phase system was determined. a comparison of uranium by direct assay and uranium by cesium-137 was obtained for both Redox and Purex samples. A plant test was carried out to determine the extent of cesium migration and the extent to which product materials are transferred from the dissolver to underground storage in coating waste. Sampling for cesium-137 was found to be markedly more consistent than for product materials. In general, the cesium-137 content was found to be a more sensitive measure of the relative product content of coating waste than the uranium content as measured by direct assay. To date al the evidence indicates that the cesium-137 content of coating waste is a valid measure of the product content. However, more ``back-up`` data and a ``routine use`` evaluation are needed before the method can be considered …

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The two small reactors (B and D) currently utilize a flat aluminum horizontal control rod consisting of three cooling tubes surrounded by boron carbide-aluminum neutron absorber rings and an outer casing of aluminum. Two adverse and complementary characteristics of these rods have served to limit the functional reliability of the rods under current and anticipated reactor operating conditions. The construction of the rod presents a relatively high resistance to transfer of heat from the sheath to the cooling water and the neutron to transfer of heat from the sheath to the cooling water and the neutron absorber rings show evidence of significant dimensional increase with high accumulated exposure to neutrons. With poor heat transfer and current reactor operating levels, the rod sheath temperature may exceed that for which aluminum is suited and the material loses its strength by annealing. Swelling of the neutron absorber rings further aggravates the overheating by increasing the cooling tube to ring gap. The net result is a tendency for hot spots to occur in the rod sheath and in the more advanced cases, these develop into e step plug. blisters which cause the rod to bind in the channel and/or the step plug. A new …

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The Liquid Effluent Monitoring Information System (LEMIS) is being developed as the organized information repository facility in support of the liquid effluent monitoring requirements of the Tri-Party Agreement. It is necessary to provide an automated repository into which the results from liquid effluent sampling will be placed. This repository must provide for effective retention, review, and retrieval of selected sample data by authorized persons and organizations. This System Architecture document is the aggregation of the DMR P+ methodology project management deliverables. Together they represent a description of the project and its plan through four Releases, corresponding to the definition and prioritization of requirements defined by the user.

As device technology develops to the limit of speed of light, parallel processing comes into play for high performance calculation. Conventional von Neumann computation show difficulty because of its single threadness. Many hybrid models have been proposed; they are reviewed, leading to the macro data-flow model. This macro data-flow is a scheme having a multilevel of model of execution which higher model is a tagged data-flow and lower level is von Neumann. Partitioning should be carefully done. A simple simulator has been developed, executing a macro data-flow graph. Micro instructions within a macro actor can access and process those vector data from higher data-flow level. Architectural description of this simulator and some special actors supporting this hybrid model are discussed. Details of instructions are explained as user reference manual, including sample programs and statistic gathering methods. In addition to the hardware simulator, a graph simulator was developed for simple execution of data-flow graph without resource limit of hardware details.

This collaborative project was designed to test and compare methods for achieving full ocean basin propagation of hydroacoustic signals in the 5-100 Hz frequency band. Plans for a systematic calibration of the International Monitoring System (IMS) for nuclear testing were under consideration in 2000/2001. The results from this project provide information to guide such planning for future ocean basin calibration work. Several acoustic source types were tested during two sea-going experiments and most were successful at generating signals that propagated hundreds to thousands of km to be recorded at the Indian Ocean IMS hydrophone stations. Development and numerical modeling of imploding glass sphere sources was one component of this testing. The intent was to design a relatively simple-to-use source that is not subject to restrictions that can limit use of explosive charges, but whose signal is large enough to propagate 100-1000's km range. Analysis of IMS hydrophone data recording during the experiments was used to illustrate the extent of energy loss during signal propagation and to assess the accuracy with which the small acoustic sources could be located using methods typically employed for nuclear monitoring.

A Faraday cup design for a 1 mA.cm/sup -2/ 100-keV, light-ion-beam measurement in background plasma is proposed. Features of this shielded, three-grid structure with deep target are described, and a mechanical draft is included. In the appendix, we reference and survey results of experiments reporting the number and energy range of secondary electrons and back-scattered ions originating on various metal surfaces bombarded with approximately 100-keV hydrogen and deuterium ions. Choice of target and grid materials in cup assembly follow from this survey.

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