Two applications of microfabrication technology to thermionic converters have been investigated theoretically. The first is a novel method of maintaining micron or submicron spacings over large areas (>1 cm/sup 2/), using metals of different expansion coefficients to eliminate the shear stresses on the insulating pillars separating the electrodes. The second uses low-voltage field-emission sources to create ions in a large (approx. 1 mm) interelectrode gap for space charge neutralization. The theoretical results for both these approaches are highly encouraging.

This thesis describes the results of a search for new leptons with associated heavy neutrinos. The search uses 68.1 pb/sup /minus/1/ of data taken with the TPC2..gamma.. detector at the PEP storage ring. New lepton pairs with charged lepton masses m/sub L/ < 12 GeV and mass differences in the approximate range 0.4 GeV < m/sub L/ /minus/ m/sub/nu/L/ < 2.5 GeV are excluded at the 99% confidence level. Results are also given of a study of search techniques for the region m/sub L/ < 12 GeV, m/sub L/ /minus/ m/sub ..nu..L/ < 0.4 GeV.

The test obtective for April was to evaluate sodium thiosulfate in limestone scrubber slurry as inhibitor of sulfite oxidation. The resulting effect on saturation levels of calcium sulfate (CaSO/sub 4/.2 H/sub 2/O; gypsum) and scaling in the system was of prime importance. As an antioxidant, S/sub 2/O/sub 3//sup =/ functions as a scale inhibitor by reducing SO/sub 4//sup =/, a known scale former. To meet the test objective, the scrubber was operated in a scaling mode as a base case; finally, the changes resulting from addition of sodium thiosulfate were evaluated. Train 100 was operated at two pH levels and with low and high sulfur coal in April. Because of several delays explained below, only base cases were completed in April.

The purpose of this memorandum is to report our realistic assessment of the feasibility, cost, and time frame for bringing a rationing program to 90-day readiness. The basic aspects of the nature of the rationing plan are discussed. The plan has been changed in several respects in response to comments from the Congress, the general public and the ECC, since the previous version was rejected by the Congress in May 1979. Three changes in particular impact the preimplementation process: The range of entities accorded status as priority firms has increased to cover such groups as telecommunications firms and for-hire delivery firms; All firms (not just priority users) are alloted rights for a percentage of their historical gasoline usage; States have more influence on the division of the total state supply between state reserves and vehicle allotments. The rationing plan, is described on a chart depicting the interaction of the principal components is included. The rationing process starts when checks for coupons are sent to owners of registered vehicles. The biggest single problem area appears to be delivering these checks into the hands of the vehicle registrants who are entitled to them. (DMC)

Effort is reported on measurement technique development to assess the utility of Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) methods in characterizing polycrystalline silicon that was deliberately doped with Ti during growth. Difficulties encountered with lateral DLTS measurements are discussed. In this approach, modulation of the grain boundary, double-depletion region produces the entire DLTS signal. Major effort has been applied in grain boundary characterization and control. The most significant accomplishments to date have involved laser scanning of slices of Wacker SILSO polysilicon having nearly identical grain structure. By using various kinds of treatments and by comparing treated and untreated substrates having nearly identical grain structure, control of grain boundary photocurrent suppression (..delta..I/sub ph/) over the range 1% less than or equal to ..delta..I/sub ph/ less than or equal to 40% was demonstrated.

Numerical analysis tools are used to characterize the fields reradiated by cultural scatterers like powerlines, pipelines and fences. These fields are then compared to the returns expected from deeply buried targets and suggestions are made for methods to identify and remove cultural noise from survey data.

The pilot plant reverse osmosis system was demonstrated to be effective in removing large percentages of cobalt-60, iodine-125, and a mixture of cesium-137, cobalt-60, and iodine-125 from two types of aqueous streams. The effectiveness of three membrane porosities, 0, 50, and 97% salt rejection, were explored with each isotope. The 97% salt rejection membrane was the most effective in each experiment. Removals as high as 97.5% of the cobalt, 92.9% of the iodine and 95.1% of the combined isotopes were achieved. The effect of possibly interfering factors on the adsorbence of cobalt-60 and iodine-129 on selected ion exchange resins were investigated. The factors thought to affect cobalt-60 adsorption were (OH/sup -/), (NH/sub 4//sup +/), and (SO/sub 3//sup =/). None of the seven factors investigated had any effect on iodine-129 adsorption. Cesium-137 was removed from a 4600-gal aqueous waste containing a large amount of sodium hydroxide by treatment with sodium tetraphenyl boron. The cesium concentration of the supernatant portion was reduced from 570 to 4 counts/min/ml.

The design of the Target Fabrication Tritium Laboratory for deuterium-tritium fuel processing for laser fusion targets has been accomplished with the intent of providing redundant safeguard systems. The design of the tritium laboratory is based on a combination of tritium handling techniques that are currently used by experienced laboratories. A description of the laboratory in terms of its interrelated processing systems is presented to provide an understanding of the design features for safe operation.

Travel to the JRC Petten was for the purpose of discussing the HFR-B1 experiment and post irradiation activities. Technical assessment of the experiment strongly supports the concept of enhanced fission gas release at temperatures above 1100{degree}C, the extensive release of stored fission gas at water vapor levels postulated in accident scenarios, an increase in the steady-state fission gas release under hydrolyzing conditions, and an increase in gas release during thermal cycling. Schedules were established for completion of the work and issuance of reports by September 1990. At the KFA Juelich agreement was reached on the PIE activities for HFR-B1 and a schedule established. The final PIE report is due June 1991. Choices of accident condition tests in the PIE have yet to be made by the US participants. A proposal for the establishment of a new cooperative effort on model and code development was presented at the Institut fuer Nukleare Sicherheitsforschung of KFA. The proposal was considered premature; discussions dealing with general principles, basic aims, and organization were requested; particular concerns about free exchange of information, overlap with the existing safety subprogram, and exclusive cooperation with ORNL were raised. A strong desire for cooperation and the opinion that the raised …

Progress is reported in the following areas: (1) high pressure structural phase transition in Na, Mg and Al; (2) thermal and compressibility properties of the alkali metals; (3) electrical cnductivity in hydrogen plasmas; (4) plasma pseudopotentials; (5) thermonuclear reaction rates in strongly coupled plasmas; (6) thermodynamic consistency in BQL interpolants; (7) nonequilibrium molecular dynamics of plastic flow; (8) constitutive models in the LLNL hydrodynamic codes; (9) turbulence interaction with thermochemically inert solid particles; (10) the equation of state of molecular hydrogen and deuterium from shock-wave experiments at 760 kbar; and (11) nuclear-explosive-driven equation-of-state experiment. (WHK)

This research concerns the strong resistance, or even immunity, against a specific virus that is exhibited by one or a few lines of a plant species, in contrast to the general susceptibility of most lines of that species. The contrast between the reactions to virus inoculation of different lines of one species implies that a single gene or a very few genes may mediate the resistance or immunity. The prospects for isolating, studying and transferring such a gene should be good for a system with these characteristics. Seedlings of a line Arlington of the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) fail to support the replication of cowpea mosaic virus strain SB (CPMV-SB). Genetic crosses of Arlington cowpea to the systemic host Blackeye 5 cowpea show that the immunity is inherited as a simple dominant gene. In contrast to the seedlings, the protoplasts of the Arlington cowpea support CPMV-SB replication, but only to a very low level compared to protoplasts of Blackeye 5 cowpeas. From evidence reported earlier we concluded that Arlington cowpea protoplasts restrict the production of CPMV-SB proteins. We postulated, and obtained evidence for, a proteinase inhibitor that is specific for a CPMV-SB proteinase. This proteinase inhibitor is our prime candidate for …

A safety analysis was performed to determine if normal operations and/or potential accidents at the 851 Firing Facility at Site 300 could present undue hazards to the general public, personnel at Site 300, or have an adverse effect on the environment. The normal operations and credible accidents that might have an effect on these facilities or have off-site consequences were considered. It was determined by this analysis that all but two of the hazards were either low or of the type or magnitude routinely encountered and/or accepted by the public. The exceptions were the linear accelerator and explosives, which were classified as moderate hazards per the requirements given in DOE Order 5481.1A. This safety analysis concluded that the operation at this facility will present no undue risk to the health and safety of LLNL employees or the public.

The main results are in the following three areas: (1) examination of a diffusion model for PdH system, (2) connection between the diffusion model and other physical models, (3) related problems. Advances made during the third year of this project, particularly in understanding the physical model for hydrogen diffusion, make it possible to begin to meet some of the long-range objectives described in the initial proposals of 1977-1978.

This paper describes results from the initial thermal barrier experiments in the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U). Strong end plugging has been produced using a combination of ECRH gyrotrons with sloshing ion beam injection. Plugging has been achieved with a central cell higher than that of the end plugs. In these low-density central cell experiments (7 x 10/sup 11/ cm/sup -3/) the axial losses (tau/sub parallel to/ = 20 to 80 ms) are smaller than the radial losses (tau/sub perpendicular to/ = 4 to 8 ms). Although no direct measurements are yet available to determine if a thermal barrier potential dip is generated, these experiments support many theoretical features of the thermal barrier concept.

A cost effective, highly efficient, and automatic method of intercomparing standard cells has been sought after and implemented, utilizing computer control and a commercially available scanner. This system reduces intercomparison time from 4 hours to 30 minutes using the standard National Bureau of Standard (NBS) 4 x 4 design. 7 figs., 1 tab.

This Waste Site Assessment for the SRL Seepage Basins is the second in a series of documents being prepared to support development of an appropriate closure plan for these basins. The closure of these basins will be designed to provide protection to human health and the environment and to meet the provisions of the Consent Decree. A Technical Data Summary for these basins has already been submitted as part of the Consent Decree. This Site Assessment Report includes a waste site characterization, and a discussion of closure options for the basins. A closure option is recommended in this report, but details of the recommended closure are not provided in this report since they will be provided in a subsequent closure plan. The closure plan is the third document required under the Consent Decree. 18 refs., 16 figs., 10 tabs.

Three important high-temperature, high-density experiments were conducted recently using the 10-TW, short-wavelength Novette laser system at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. These experiments demonstrated successful solutions to problems that arose during previous experiments with long wavelength lasers (lambda greater than or equal to 1..mu..m) in which inertial confinement fusion (ICF), x-ray laser, and other high-temperature physics concepts were being tested. The demonstrations were: (1) large-scale plasmas (typical dimensions of up to 1000 laser wavelengths) were produced in which potentially deleterious laser-plasma instabilities were collisionally damped. (2) Deuterium-tritium fuel was imploded to a density of 20 g/cm/sup 3/ and a pressure of 10/sup 10/ atm. (3) A 700-fold amplification of soft x rays by stimulated emission at 206 and 209 A (62 eV) from Se/sup +24/ ions was observed in a laser-generated plasma. Isoelectronic scaling to 155 A (87 eV) in Y/sup +29/ was also demonstrated.

The Cool Pool is a variation of the evaporating roof pond idea. The pool is isolated from the living space and the cooled pond water thermosiphons into the water columns located within the building. A computer model of the Cool Pool and the various heat and mass transfer mechanisms involved in the system are discussed. Theory will be compared to experimental data collected from a Cool Pool test building.

The 120 GeV Main Ring proton beam collides with the target at the end of the AP-1 line and creates antiprotons and other secondary particles. The AP-2 line transfers the negative particles from the target to the Debuncher. To provide a bigger antiproton stack size in the Accumulator, both the Debuncher as well as the AP-2 line acceptance have to be raised. This is a proposal for the improvement of the AP-2 line acceptance. The first part of the memo presents an acceptance examination of the existing AP-2 line by computer simulation, while the second presents a short proposal for aperture corrections. The computer program TURTLE was used to trace antiprotons through the AP-2 line without taking into account other negative charged particles. Betatron functions were obtained from the output of the SYNCH computer program. The SYNCH program was also used to check the dispersion match between the AP-2 line and the Debuncher. 3 refs., 6 figs., 5 tabs.

The remote fiber fluorimetric portion of the program is slightly ahead of schedule and proceeding well technically. Proof of principle has been demonstrated over a 0.2 km path length using an organic tracer material. Performance and design calculations have been made for the fiber optic components of the system. Optimized fibers have been ordered and special jigs and optical couplings are presently being fabricated. Progress on the high-sensitivity analyzer using coprecipitation techniques has proceeded well ahead of schedule with technical results far above expectations. Preliminary measurements in the UO/sub 2//sup 2 +//CaF/sub 2/ detection system has proved sensitivities well beyond the natural background limit. While further improvement of sensitivity (to 10/sup -15/ g) already is planned, emphasis will now be placed on locating and dealing with possible interferences and on determining how to improve and optimize quantitative accuracy. In addition, simplication of the sample preparation procedure and downscaling to use very small (< 1 ml) groundwater samples is planned. In the longer time frame, work on maximum chemical speciation and the possibility of isotopic speciation will be undertaken. Once the coprecipitation procedures, instrumentation, and spectroscopy have been fully refined for uranium, then the process will be repeated for plutonium and …

Goal is to develop a Hall cell cathode, which will reduce the specific energy consumption of existing commercial cells by 20 to 25%. Basis of the improvement is the utilization of titanium diboride (TiB/sub 2/), a material that is wetted by molten aluminum, as the cell cathode. This provides a stable cathode surface, thereby allowing the cell to be operated at a smaller anode-cathode distance (ACD). Energy savings arise as a result of reduced resistive losses through the cryolite electrolyte. This phase of the program is comprised of three integrated parts: (1) materials characterization, (2) pilot cell testing, and (3) a full-sized cell demonstration. During this quarter emphasis continued on rebuilding the 15KA pilot cell to accommodate a highly sloped electrode system. TiB/sub 2/ cathode materials were received, and construction of cell components and peripheral equipment was completed.

A safety analysis was performed to determine if normal operations and/or potential accidents at the 850 Firing Facility at Site 300 could present undue hazards to the general public, personnel at Site 300, or have an adverse effect on the environment. The normal operations and credible accidents that might have an effect on these facilities or have off-site consequences were considered. It was determined by this analysis that all but one of the hazards were either low or of the type or magnitude routinely encountered and/or accepted by the public. The exception was explosives, which was classified as a moderate hazard per the requirements given in DOE Order 5481.1A. This safety analysis concluded that the operation at this facility will present no undue risk to the health and safety of LLNL employees or the public.

A model is proposed to account for the phenomenon of net current enhancement at high pressures recently observed on the Experimental Test Accelerator. The proposed mechanism involves energetic secondary electrons (delta rays) which are pushed forward by the self-magnetic field of the electron beam. For high current beams, the forward delta ray current can build up to a significant fraction of the beam current. Analytic calculations of the steady-state solution as well as the rate of buildup of the delta ray current are presented in this paper. In addition, numerical results from a nonlocal Boltzmann code, NUTS, are presented. The analytic and numerical results have many features which are in qualitative agreement with the experiments, but quantitative discrepancies still exist.

Strict limitations on the emission of H/sub 2/S from new geothermal power plants in The Geysers area of northern California have been imposed by Lake and Northern Sonoma County Air Pollution Control Districts. Lake County, under new source review rules, has stipulated that specific technologies shall be utilized to limit H/sub 2/S emissions to 5 lb/h as a condition for determination of compliance. The status of these technologies as well as other ongoing technology development efforts to conserve steam and abate H/sub 2/S are evaluated. Although projections indicate that it may be possible to meet the 5 lb/h limit, there is no firm assurance of achievement at this time because of the unproven, full-scale performance status of some key technologies specified by the air pollution control districts.