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Method of boronizing transition-metal surfaces
A method is presented for preparing a boride layer on a transition metal substrate for use in corrosive environments or as a harden surface in machine applications. This method is particularly useful in treating current collectors for use within a high temperature and corrosive electrochemical cell environment. A melt of a alkali metal boride tetrafluoride salt including such as KF to lower its melting point is prepared including a dissolved boron containing material, for instance NiB, MnB/sub 2/, or CrB/sub 2/. A transition metal to be coated is immersed in the melt at a temperature of no more than 700/sup 0/C and a surface boride layer of that transition metal is formed within a period of about 24 hours on the substrate surface.
Date:
August 28, 1981
Creator:
Koyama, K. & Shimotake, H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Oil-shale-retorting and combustion system. [DOE patent application]
The present invention is directed to the extraction of energy values from oil shale containing considerable concentrations of calcium carbonate in an efficient manner. The volatiles are separated from the oil shale in a retorting zone of a fluidized bed where the temperature and the concentration of oxygen are maintained at sufficiently low levels so that the volatiles are extracted from the oil shale with minimal combustion of the volatiles and with minimal calcination of the calcium carbonate. These gaseous volatiles and the calcium carbonate flow from the retorting zone into a freeboard combustion zone where the volatiles are burned in the presence of excess air. In this zone the calcination of the calcium carbonate occurs but at the expense of less Btu's than would be required by the calcination reaction in the event both the retorting and combustion steps took place simultaneously. The heat values in the products of combustion are satisfactorily recovered in a suitable heat exchange system.
Date:
August 28, 1981
Creator:
Pitrolo, Augustine A.; Mei, Joseph S. & Shang, Jerry Y.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear reactor control apparatus
Nuclear reactor core safety rod release apparatus comprises a control rod having a detent notch in the form of an annular peripheral recess at its upper end, a control rod support tube for raising and lowering the control rod under normal conditions, latches pivotally mounted on the control support tube with free ends thereof normally disposed in the recess in the control rod, and cam means for pivoting the latches out of the recess in the control rod when a scram condition occurs. One embodiment of the invention comprises an additonal magnetically-operated latch for releasing the control rod under two different conditions, one involving seismic shock.
Date:
August 28, 1981
Creator:
Sridhar, B.N.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Method and apparatus for producing cryogenic targets
An improved method and apparatus are given for producing cryogenic inertially driven fusion targets in the fast isothermal freezing (FIF) method. Improved coupling efficiency and greater availability of volume near the target for diagnostic purposes and for fusion driver beam propagation result. Other embodiments include a new electrical switch and a new explosive detonator, all embodiments making use of a purposeful heating by means of optical fibers.
Date:
August 28, 1981
Creator:
Murphy, James T. & Miller, John R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Closer for Cans and the Like.
Patent for an efficient, easy-open-and-close top for various types of cans which are used frequently.
Date:
May 28, 1912
Creator:
Perkins, William Hunter
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Artificial Stone.
Patent for a process of manufacturing artificial stone in which “it will not cracked by reason of exposure and which may be readily engraved, impressed or otherwise marked to form letters, characters, emblems and etc….” (Lines 16-20). No illustration.
Date:
August 28, 1900
Creator:
Johnson, Jesse W. & Hendrix, Albert S.
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Animal-Trap.
Patent for an improved self-setting trap that can capture and kill animals while preventing them from reaching the bait.
Date:
August 28, 1906
Creator:
Sheridan, William H.
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Bale Band Fastening
Patent for a bale band fastening. Illustration included.
Date:
February 28, 1905
Creator:
Campbell, Douglas M.
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Bale-Tie.
Patent for "a bale-tie which may with readiness and case be locked in position upon a bale and which will be positive in operation and thoroughly efiective for the purpose designed"(lines 8-12)
Date:
October 28, 1902
Creator:
Griggs, James Wesley
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Flexible Wire Mat.
Patent for a flexible wire mat that is portable, loosely woven to shake out dirt and mud, and which prevents the edges form curling up to trip people.
Date:
November 28, 1911
Creator:
Shelton, John F.
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Bed
Patent for a single bed that can be converted into a double bed. Illustrations included.
Date:
February 28, 1911
Creator:
Lockhart, Samuel R.
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Advertising Device
Patent for Advertising Device
Date:
July 28, 1903
Creator:
Smith, John D.
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Animal-Poke
Patent for an animal poke which is worn around the belly of the cow or other animal, and pokes the animal when it pushes against a fence and has a hook attached to the back of the poke which will catch onto the fence if they try to go underneath or over the fence.
Date:
July 28, 1908
Creator:
Bush, Caswell C.
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Combined Ruler and Paper-Cutter
Patent for a ruler that may also be used as a paper cutter. Illustrations included.
Date:
June 28, 1910
Creator:
Dibrell, Frank A.
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Alarm Device
Patent for an alarm device that is mounted on a house to warn of approaching wind storms.
Date:
March 28, 1911
Creator:
Stamps, William P. & Phillips, William R.
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Ant Trap
Patent for an ant trap. Illustration included.
Date:
December 28, 1909
Creator:
Mercer, John W.; Hasha, W. C. & Estes, W. N.
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Clevis
Patent for "improvements in clevises or draw-bars for plows and other similar implements" (Lines 8 – 10) including illustrations.
Date:
August 28, 1900
Creator:
Hendon, Walter Preston
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Amusement Device
Patent for an amusement device. This invention uses a ballast and simulates the appearance and motion of a floating ship under way. Illustrations included.
Date:
March 28, 1911
Creator:
Corneliussen, Ivar
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Arc-Lamp
Patent for an arc lamp which does not spark for use in headlights for trains and automobiles and in street lights.
Date:
June 28, 1910
Creator:
Anderson, Thomas J.
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Bioluminescence monitor and method for enzymatic determinations. [Patents]
An on-line, nonreferenced apparatus for measuring the concentration of a biomarker species in authentic biological samples in solution comprises conduit means for conducting said sample solution from a source of said solution, stream diversion means disposed within the conduit for diverting a predetermined amount of said sample for analysis, means for introducing and independently regulating the flow of one or more reactants disposed in fluid communication with said diverted stream, incubating means within the diverted stream for reacting said reactants and biomarkers to produce a bioluminescence emission, and means disposed within the diverted stream for monitoring said emission intensity which is correlatable to said biomarker concentration.
Date:
April 28, 1981
Creator:
Bostick, William D.; Denton, Mark S. & Dinsmore, Stanley R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Solar Retorting of Oil Shale
An apparatus and method are described for retorting oil shale using solar radiation. Oil shale is introduced into a first retorting chamber having a solar focus zone. There the oil shale is exposed to solar radiation and rapidly brought to a predetermined retorting temperature. Once the shale has reached this temperature, it is removed from the solar focus zone and transferred to a second retorting chamber. In the second chamber, the oil shale is maintained at the retorting temperature, without direct exposure to solar radiation, until the retorting is complete.
Date:
April 28, 1981
Creator:
Gregg, David W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Slag capture and removal during laser cutting. [Patent application]
Molten metal removed from a workpiece in a laser cutting operation is blown away from the cutting point by a gas jet and collected on an electromagnet. The laser cutting is used to separate the castings of spent fuel rods from the fuel-containing elements therein.
Date:
January 28, 1982
Creator:
Brown, C.O.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Photosensitivity enhancement of PLZT ceramics by positive-ion implantation
The photosensitivity of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramic material used in high resolution, high contrast, and nonvolatile photoferroelectric image storage and display devices is enhanced significantly by positive ion implantation of the PLZT near its surface. Implanted ions include H/sup +/, He/sup +/, Ne/sup +/, Ar/sup +/, as well as chemically reactive ions from Fe, Cr, and Al. The positive ion implantation advantageously serves to shift the absorption characteristics of the PLZT material from near-uv light to visible light. As a result, photosensitivity enhancement is such that the positive ion implanted PLZT plate is sensitive even to sunlight and conventional room lighting, such as fluorescent and incandescent light sources. The method disclosed includes exposing the PLZT plate to the positive ions at sufficient density, from 1 x 10/sup 12/ to 1 x 10/sup 17/, and with sufficient energy, from 100 to 500 keV, to provide photosensitivity enhancement. The PLZT material may have a lanthanum content ranging from 5 to 10%, a lead zirconate content of 62 to 70 mole %, and a lead titanate content of 38 to 30%. The ions are implanted at a depth of 0.1 to 2 microns below the surface of the PLZT plate.
Date:
January 28, 1982
Creator:
Peercy, P.S. & Land, C.E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Continuous production of ethanol by use of flocculent Zymomonas mobilis
Improved means and process for producing ethanol by fermentation are provided. Another object of the invention is to produce ethanol in a continuous-flow process by means of a biological catalyst that can be retained in a continuous-flow reactor vessel without being bonded to or held within a support material. An additional object of the invention is to provide a fermentation reactor vessel wherein disturbance of the desirable plug flow of sugar solution is minimized. These objects are attained by the preferred apparatus and process of the invention which utilize a newly-discovered flocculent strain of Zymomonas mobilis for converting sugar to ethanol in a continuous flow-type reactor vessel. The flow rate of a sugar-containing solution through a column containing the floc-forming strain of Z. mobilis is adjusted so that a sufficient conversion of sugar to ethanol is achieved in the column and the flocculent Z. mobilis is not washed away in effluent from the column. Carbon dioxide gas generated by the fermentation process is vented from a plurality of points spaced along an inclined column in which the process is conducted, thus minimizing disturbance of the plug flow of liquid by this gas.
Date:
January 28, 1982
Creator:
Arcuri, E. J. & Donaldson, T. L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library