The overall objective of the Hot Dry Rock (HDR) Geothermal Energy Development Program is to determine the technical and economic feasibility of HDR as a significant energy source and to provide a basis for its timely commercial development. Principal operational tasks are those activities required to enable a decision to be made by FY86 on the ultimate commercialization of HDR. These include development and analyis of a 20- to 50-MW Phase II HDR reservoir at Site 1 (Fenton Hill) with the potential construction of a pilot electric generating station, Phase III; selection of a second site with subsequent reservoir development and possible construction of a direct heat utilization pilot plant of at least 30 MW thermal thereon; the determination of the overall domestic HDR energy potential; and the evaluation of 10 or more target prospect areas for future HDR plant development by commercial developers. Phase I of the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory's Fenton Hill project was completed. Phase I evaluated a small subterranean system comprised of two boreholes connected at a depth of 3 km by hydraulic fracturing. A closed-loop surface system has been constructed and tests involving round-the-clock operation have yielded promising data on heat extraction, geofluid chemistry, flow …

The Terrestrial Effects panel discussed the needed direction and techniques for future research in the terrestrial effects of new coal conversion technologies. Panel members concurred on the need for changes in emphasis, approach, and even attitude in environmental research. The following are the basic perceptions of the panel: Our goal is to provide for environmentally amenable technologies in coal conversion and product distribution, especially focusing on pollutants entering pathways to man. Highest research priority, therefore, should be given to solid wastes, and especially their leachates. A shift in research emphasis is needed. Whereas we have been accustomed to investigating acute effects of pollutants immediately surrounding their source, we should now explore the sublethal, long-term effects of pollutants carried farther from their source. These may in fact become the more dangerous of the two through bioconcentration. Research of this kind should help us to predict deleterious effects before they are felt. Another needed reverse in typical environmental research strategy is to perform biological characterization before source characterization. Time for the needed research is running out. In order to make meaningful progress within a short time frame, we will have to narrow the focus of our research to include only the most …

The far-field brightness loss due to nonlinear refraction of a laser beam of finite transverse extent is a limitation for phase conjugation. We present exact calculations, supported by measurements, for these effects in Gaussian beams.

Ferromagnetic stainless steels may offer significantly greater wall life-times for first wall/blanket and vacuum vessel structures than commonly used non-magnetic stainless steels. One steel under consideration has the following composition, in weight percent, Fe(86.24%), Cr(9.0%) etc. The resistivity, the hysteresis loops, and magnetization were measured as a function of temperature up to the Curie point.

MEQALAC stands for Multiple Electrostatic Quadrupole Array Linear Accelerator. The first model, M1, was designed, built, and tested in a three month period from July to October 1979. Within a week of operation a Xenon output current of 85% of the calculated space-charge limit was obtained. In the following sections, the M1 components and operation are described. Some of the design choices were made to allow hand-fabrication with available tools (principally a table-top lathe and a table-top drill press), while others were influenced by the ion source development at hand. The major goal was to demonstrate the MEQALAC principle of accelerating multiple beams through arrays of strong focussing electrostatic quadrupoles. Xenon was used since it demonstrates the principles of a low beta linac as needed for the Heavy Ion Fusion program, without the complications of a heavy-metal ion source.

The analysis of sintering models and mechanisms for mixed-carbide sphere-pac fuel has shown that volume diffusion is the dominant mechanism. The actual diffusion path is not clearly defined but the importance of small pressures in increasing neck growth is apparent. The time dependence of the neck ratios indicates that significant restructuring occurs within 5.6 hours which may be used as a bench mark for the beginning of pore migration.

The bromodeoxyuridine photolysis assay of DNA damage in human cells permits an estimate of both the number of repaired regions in the DNA and the size of the average repaired region - the patch size. The antineoplastic agent arabinofuranosyl cytosine (ara-C) can also be employed to assay the magnitude of repair since this agent appears to block rejoining of single-strand incisions made in the DNA during the initial step of repair. Thus, the number of incisions can be accumulated. The ara-C effect is dependent on the presence of hydroxyurea. Both assays can be employed for the study of physical or chemical DNA damages. Results comparing these assays are presented.

The mechanism of radiation effects and their industrial applications are discussed for the following classes of polymers: thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, films and fibers, and adhesives/coatings/potting compounds. 35 references, 3 tables. (DLC)

The first conference on advanced materials for alternative fuel capable directly fired heat engines was held at the Maine Maritime Academy, Castine, Maine. It was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, (Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy) and the Electric Power Research Institute, (Division of Fossil Fuel and Advanced Systems). Forty-four papers from the proceedings have been entered into EDB and ERA and one also into EAPA; three had been entered previously from other sources. The papers are concerned with US DOE research programs in this area, coal gasification, coal liquefaction, gas turbines, fluidized-bed combustion and the materials used in these processes or equipments. The materials papers involve alloys, ceramics, coatings, cladding, etc., and the fabrication and materials listing of such materials and studies involving corrosion, erosion, deposition, etc. (LTN)

A microcomputer-based x-ray image analysis system to select and measure laser fusion targets is described. This system positions a photographic plate in x and y, focuses a microscope image, digitizes and extracts measurements within seconds.

To avoid the effects of fluid instabilities, stringent requirements must be imposed on the surface quality and wall thickness uniformity of fuel pellets used in Inertial Confinement Fusion compression experiments. A systematic method was developed for specifying the type of defects which must be avoided and for evaluating measurement techniques for their suitability for detecting these defects. A review is given of the techniques currently available and those under development to show the relationship between these capabilities and the current and future requirements for pellet uniformity. The speed of these techniques and the implications for automated production of fuel pellets for a reactor are discussed.

A pulsed neutron activation (PNA) for measurement of two-phase flow consists of a pulsed source of fast neutron to activate the oxygen in a steam-water mixture. Flow is measured downstream by an NaI detector. Measured counts are sorted by a multiscaler into different time channels. A counts vs. time distribution typical for two-phase flow with slip between the two phases is obtained. Proper evaluation for the counts/time distribution leads to flow-regime independent equations for the average of the inverse transil time and the average density. After calculation of the average mass flow velocity, the true mass flow is derived. (FS)

A methane filled proton-recoil proportional counter will be used as a fission neutron detector in the fast-neutron hodoscope. To provide meaningful fuel-motion information the proportional counter should have: a linear response over a wide range of reactor powers background ratio (the number of high energy neutrons detected must be maximized relative to low energy neutrons, and gamma ray sensitivity must be kept small); and a detector efficiency for fission neutrons above 1 MeV of approximately 1%. In addition, it is desirable that the detector and the associated amplifier/discriminator be capable of operating at counting rates in excess of 500 kHz. This paper reports on tests that were conducted on several proportional counters at the TREAT reactor.

Individual abstracts were prepared for 19 of the papers in these proceedings. The remaining two have already been cited in ERA, and may be located by reference to the entry CONF-790834-- in the Report Number Index. (RWR)

The Brookhaven multiparticle spectrometer is described, and experiments being performed with it are discussed. (GHT)

Fusion dosimetry includes materials irradiations in a variety of facilities. A general summary of the status of such dosimetry is presented with emphasis on outstanding problems, especially nuclear data needs.

The use of high energy d+Li sources to produce neutrons for radiation damage studies will require evaluated neutron cross sections up to energies of 40 MeV. Experimental data in this energy region are scarce, and reliance must be placed upon nuclear model calculations to provide the necessary cross sections. We have thus calculated neutron-induced cross sections on /sup 54/Fe and /sup 56/Fe between 3 and 40 MeV using the multistep preequilibrium Hauser-Feshbach model code GNASH. Special care was taken in the determination of optical model parameters applicable over this wide energy range through use of, and comparison to, neutron total cross section and elastic angular distribution data, (p,n), and (..cap alpha..,n) data, as well as other high energy proton induced reaction cross sections and spectral results. The preequilibrium-statistical calculations using these parameters as well as gamma-ray strength functions, level densities, and discrete level information reproduce well most available experimental measurements above 3 MeV for varied reaction types including gamma-ray production data. 12 references.

Relationships between phytoplankton communities and lake acidity are being studied at Woods Lake (pH ca. 4.9), Sagamore Lake (pH ca. 5.5), and Panther Lake (pH ca. 7.0). Numbers of phytoplankton species observed as of July 31, 1979 are Woods 27, Sagamore 38, and Panther 64, conforming to other observations that species numbers decrease with increasing acidity. Patterns of increasing biomass and productivity found in Woods Lake may be atypical of similar oligotrophic lakes in that they develop rather slowly instead of occuring very close to ice-out. Contributions of netplankton (net > 48 ..mu..m), nannoplankton (48 > nanno > 20 ..mu..m) and ultraplankton (20 > ultra >0.45 ..mu..m) to productivity per m/sup -2/ show that the smaller plankton are relatively more important in the more acid lakes. This pattern could be determined by nutrient availability (lake acidification leading to decreased availability of phosphorus). The amount of /sup 14/C-labelled dissolved photosynthate (/sup 14/C-DOM), as a percent of total productivity, is ordered Woods > Sagamore > Panther. This is consistent with a hypothesis that microbial heterotrophic activity is reduced with increasing acidity, but the smaller phytoplankton may be more leaky at low pH. (ERB)

Superconducting magnets will play an important role in fusion research in years to come. The magnets which are currently proposed for fusion research use the concept of cryostability to insure stable operation of the superconducting coils. This paper proposes the use of adiabatically stable high current density superconducting coils in some types of fusion devices. The advantages of this approach are much lower system cold mass, enhanced cryogenic safety, increased access to the plasma and lower cost. (MOW)

The ISX-B program has achieved average beta values of 1.8% in a relatively clean plasma with neutral beam injection power greater than 10 times ohmic power input. Total beta has increased smoothly with beam power so far and exceeded theoretical limits with no indication that ballooning or any other instability is significantly increasing the energy loss rate.

A review is given of particle production by neutrinos in charged-current inclusive and exclusive channels. The production rates for various particles in neutrino-nucleon interactions at a beam energy of 25 GeV are compared. The mesons are, of course, dominated by pion production. The p/sup 0/(760) rate is an order of magnitude smaller. Strange and charm pseudoscalar mesons are a further factor of two down in rate. The strange vector mesons are suppressed by more than an order of magnitude relative to K/sup 0/ production; however, the charmed D*/sup +/(2010) is only a factor of two smaller in rate than the D/sup 0/(1860). With regards to the baryons, most of them are, of course, nucleons. The ..lambda../sup 0/ and Y*(1385) rates are down by one and two orders of magnitudes, respectively. The lower limit on the charmed ..sigma../sub c//sup + +/ baryon rate is similar to the Y*(1385) rate. Finally, the quasielastic and one-pion production exclusive channels have about the same cross section as that of the D*/sup +/; associated production of strange particles in the ..nu..n ..-->.. ..mu../sup -/K/sup +/..lambda.. channel and the ..delta..S = +..delta cap omega.. process ..nu..p ..-->.. ..mu../sup -/pK/sup +/ are down by factors of five …

Objective is to understand the spent fuel performance. In order to do this, we must quantify the spent fuel characteristics at various time intervals during specific field and laboratory tests. This spent fuel characterization is used to identify and describe mathematically the degradation modes experienced during the tests. Incorporation of these descriptions into the more comprehensive spent fuel performance prediction model will aid in the overall licensing of repositories for permanent disposal of the spent fuel waste form.

Testing of TFTR neutral beam (NB) sources has begun at the LBL Neutral Beam System Test Facility (NBSTF). Operation at 120 kV, 65 A, 0.5 sec should be achieved soon. Because NB sources spark down frequently during conditioning, the main accelerating (accel) power supply must be interrupted within a few microseconds to avoid degrading the voltage holding capability, or even the damaging, of the NB source. A variety of improper magnitudes and/or ratios of voltages, currents, and times can occur and must be recognized as fault conditions in order to initiate a prompt interruption of the accel power supply. This paper discusses in detail the key signals which must be monitored and the manner in which they are processed in fault detector circuitry for safe operation of LBL NB sources. The paper also reviews the more standard interlocks and protective features recommended for these sources.

When the beams cross each other in the intersecton region of a storage ring, two distinct effects occur. A particle of one beam may undergo a fundamental interaction with a particle of the other beam. The average number of such events is equal to the product of the machine luminosity and the particle-particle total cross section. It is, of course, these particle interactions which the experimental physicist studies. In contrast to what happens for these fundamental interactions, a particle of one beam passing through the interaction region will always be influenced by the electric and magnetic fields produced by the entire other beam. Clearly, this classical electromagnetic interaction between the two beams will perturb the motion of the particles circulating in the machine. It is the purpose of this paper to present the basic aspects of this beam-particle force. The effect of this electrical force is quite different in the case of continuous (unbunched) proton beams which cross each other at the angle (as in the ISR at CERN and in ISABELLE at Brookhaven), as compared to the case of electron-positron bunches which collide head on (as in the SPEAR II Ring and in PETRA and PEP).