A search for direct photon production has been performed at Fermilab in 200 and 300 GeV/c proton-Be interactions over a wide range of X/sub F/ and P/sub perpendicular to/. An excess of photons has been detected which when interpreted as single photon production yields a ..gamma../..pi../sup 0/ ratio which averages .070 +- .025 in the region 1.5 < p/sub perpendicular to/ < 4.0 GeV/c and -.7 < X/sub F/ < .0. This measurement is discussed and a comparison of this result with the ISR measurements of the ..gamma../..pi../sup 0/ ratio has been made in an attempt to infer the energy dependence of direct photon production.

Beams consisting of closely spaced bunches crossing at a small angle are the most promising solution. Bunched beams allow to reach high luminosity with a moderate total charge in the machine while the close bunch spacing keeps the peak event rate low. The non-zero crossing angle is required to avoid unwanted collisions in the vicinity of each IP where the beams remain close. 2 references, 3 figures.

The principles of limited-angle reconstruction of space-limited objects using the concepts of allowed cone and missing cone in Fourier space are discussed. The distortion of a point source resulting from setting the Fourier components in the missing cone to zero was calculated mathematically, and its bearing on the convergence of an iteration scheme involving Fourier transforms was analyzed in detail. It was found that the convergence rate is fairly insensitive to the position of the point source within the boundary of the object, apart from an edge effect that tends to enhance some parts of the boundary in reconstructing the object. Another iteration scheme involving Radon transforms was introduced and compared to the Fourier transform method in such areas as root mean square error, stability with respect to noise, and computer reconstruction time. 8 figures, 2 tables.

The Neutral Beam Pivot Point Bellows (PPB) is installed in the duct which connects the Neutral Beam Enclosure to the Torus. This bellows, located at the pivot point, must fit the severely limited space available at the pivot-point location. Consequently, it has to be made rectangular in cross section with a large inside area for beam access. This leads to small convolutions with high stress concentrations. The function of the bellows is to permit change in the angular positioning of the neutral beam line with respect to the Tokamak, to isolate the Neutral Beam Line from the deflection of the Torus during bake out, and to allow for all misalignments. Internally the bellows will have a vacuum along with such gases such as hydrogen or deuterium. Tests parameters are described.

The chemical composition of commercial BF/sub 3/:amine complexes are variable and contain BF/sub 4//sup -/ and BF/sub 3/(OH)/sup -/ salts together with other unidentified highly reactive species. The BF/sub 3/:amine complexes, which are susceptible to hydrolysis, also partially convert to the BF/sub 4//sup -/ salt (i.e. BF/sub 4//sup -/NH/sub 3//sup +/C/sub 2/H/sub 5/) upon heating. This salt formation is accelerated in dimethyl sulfoxide solution and in the presence of the epoxides that are present in commercial prepregs. Commercial C fiber-epoxy prepregs are shown to contain either BF/sub 3/:NH/sub 2/C/sub 2/H/sub 5/ or BF/sub 3/:NHC/sub 5/H/sub 10/ species together with their BF/sub 4//sup -/ salts and a variety of boron-fluorine or carbon-fluorine prepreg species. Considerable variation in the relative quantities of BF/sub 3/:amine to its BF/sub 4//sup -/ salt was observed from prepreg lot to lot, which will cause variable viscosity-time-temperature prepreg cure profiles. It is concluded that the chemically stable and mobile BF/sub 4//sup -/ salt is the pre-dominant catalytic species, acting as a cationic catalyst for the prepreg cure reactions. During the early stages of cure the BF/sub 3/:amine catalyst converts to the BF/sub 4//sup -/ salt in the presence of epoxides, whereas the BF/sub 3/-prepreg species are susceptible …

We have developed a fast and easily varied simulation of a ''generic'' 4..pi.. calorimeter. The program enables one to study the gross features of detector response for various physics processes. The simulation program is described and some examples of its use are presented. 3 refs., 6 figs.

The phase space for multi-species fluid electrodynamics is the function space of fluid variables and Maxwell field variables. The Poisson bracket on phase functionals is constructed as a Lie algebra product following general methods of infinite dimensional symplectic geometry.

The cost of an accelerator is not proportional to the aperture. A change in aperture by a certain percentage results in an overall accelerator cost change by only a fraction of that percentage; the fraction may be between 0.1 and 0.5 and is almost independent of the bending field. This estimate is obtained by analyzing the superconductor requirements as a function of aperture and by making rough estimates of the largest cost items of the accelerator such as magnets and ring tunnel.

Description of the W{sup {plus minus}} and Z{sup 0} mass measurement in the muon decay channel, using 4.4 pb{sup {minus}1} of proton-antiproton collision data from the Fermilab Tevatron and CDF. A preliminary result of M{sub w} = 79.9 {plus minus} 0.4 {plus minus} 0.6 GeV/c{sup 2} is presented, and the published values of M{sub z} = 90.9 {plus minus} 0.3 {plus minus} 0.2 GeV/c{sup 2} and {Gamma}{sub z} = 3.8 {plus minus} 1.1 {plus minus} 1.0 GeV/c{sup 2} are described. 8 refs., 5 figs., 6 tabs.

This x-ray detection system measures the electron Bremsstrahlung spectrum from the Tandem Mirror Experiment-Upgrade (TMX-U). From this spectrum, we can calculate the electron temperature. The low energy portion of the spectrum (0.5 to 40 keV) is measured by a liquid-nitrogen-cooled, lithium-drifted silicon detector. The higher energy spectrometer uses an intrinsic germanium detector to accommodate the 100 to 200 keV spectra. The system proceeds as follows. The preamplified detector signals are digitized by a high-speed A-to-D converter located in a Computer Automated Measurement and Control (CAMAC) crate. The data is then stored in a histogramming memory via a data router. The CAMAC crate interfaces with a local desktop computer or the main data acquisition computer that stores the data. The software sets up the modules, acquires the energy spectra (with sample times as short as 2 ms) and plots it. Up to 40 time-resolved spectra are available during one plasma cycle. The actual module configuration, CAMAC interfacing and software that runs the system are the subjects of this paper.

Gettering has been a standard technique for achieving high-quality vacuum in fusion experiments for some time. On Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Tandem Mirror Experiment (TMX-U), an extensive gettering system is utilized with liquid-nitrogen-cooled panels to provide the fast pumping during each physics experiment. The getter wires are a 85% titanium and 15% tantalum alloy directly heated by an electrical current. TMX-U has 162 getter power-supply channels; each channel supplies approximately 106 A of regulated power to each getter for a 60-s cycle. In the vacuum vessel, the getter wires are organized into poles or arrays. On each pole there are six getter wires, each cables to the exterior of the vessel. This arrangement allows the power supplies to be switched from getter wire to getter wire as the individual wires deteriorate after 200 to 300 gettering cycles. To control the getter power suppiles, we will install a computer system to operate the system and document the performance of each getter circuit. This computer system will control the 162 power supplies via a Computer Automated Measurement and Control (CAMAC) architecture with a fiber-optic serial highway. Getter wire history will be stored on the built-in 10 megabyte disc drive with new entries …

It is shown that initial state interactions violate the factorization conjecture for the Drell-Yan process order by order in perturbation theory. Also, the effects of elastic and inelastic initial state interactions on the observed cross sections are discussed.

There are substantial production rates of heavy quarks from ep collisions at HERA. The center of mass energy of about 300 GeV is well above any b-quark threshold effects, and for b/bar b/ production, the cross section is estimated to be 3.3 nb per event, leading to rates approaching 10/sup 6/ b mesons per year. The rates for c/bar c/ production are about two orders of magnitude greater. Two major detectors are under construction and a program of heavy quark physics will start in 1990. 3 refs., 4 figs.

The neutral beam requirements for mirror reactors as presently envisioned are 200 keV for the Field Reversed Mirror (FRM) and 1200 keV for the Tandem Mirror (TMR). The hybrid version of the Standard Mirror, FRM and TMR require 100 to 120 keV. Due to the energy dependence of atomic processes, negative ions should produce neutrals more efficiently than positive ions above some energy and below this energy, positive ions are probably more efficient. This energy is probably somewhere between 100 and 150 keV for D/sup 0/, and 150 and 225 for T/sup 0/. Thus we conclude that hybrid reactors can use D/sup +/ ions but all of the fusion reactor designs call for D/sup -/ ions to make the neutral beams. Trends in the energy requirements are discussed. The hardening of neutral beams against neutron and gamma radiation is discussed.

The heavy-light method is applied to the study of the B meson spectrum, the pseudoscalar decay constant f{sub B}, the mixing (B) parameter, and exclusive semileptonic B meson decays. Preliminary results are discussed for f{sub B} and the B parameter at {beta} = 5.7 and {kappa} = 0.165 on a 12{sup 3} {times} 24 lattice and at {beta} = 5.9 and {kappa} = 0.158 on a 16{sup 3} {times} 32 lattice. 9 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.

The wet removal rate and wet deposition of pollutants is ultimately dependent upon the rate of pollutant attachment to the falling precipitation particles (hydrometeors) and to the precipitation flux at the ground. This attachment to the hydrometeors or collector particles is, in turn, dependent upon the physical characteristics of the pollutant. As expected, when considering wet removal, gases behave differently from aerosols. Modelers of gas scavenging (e.g., Hales 1972, Adamowitz 1979) stress the importance of drop size distribution, vertical gradients of gas concentration in the atmosphere and solubility in determining gas deposition at the surface. Aerosols, on the other hand, are removed at various rates depending upon aerosol size distribution, solubility, environmental humidity and age. Before the specifics of wet removal are dealt with, it is helpful to present some of the basic mathematical concepts used for treating problems in precipitation scavenging. By doing so, current terminology can be introduced and placed into a framework that should alleviate confusion about meaning. For example, a distinction between scavenging coefficients and simply scavenging will be made. The terminology in-cloud, below-cloud, washout, and rainout are shown to be ambiguous and will be dismissed. Other concepts, such as washout ratio, nucleation scavenging, vapor deposition …

Objective is to determine the fracture toughness of A533B-1 steel by computer modeling Charpy V-notch tests. A computer model of ductile fracture was developed that predicts fracture initiation. The model contains a set of material-dependent parameters obtained by computer simulations of small specimen tests. The computer calculations give detailed stress and strain histories up to the time of fracture, which are used to determine the model parameter values. The calibrated fracture model, that correctly predicts fracture initiation (and initiation energy) in the Charpy specimen, may then be used to simulate tests of accepted fracture-toughness specimens and hence obtain fracture toughness. The model parameters were calibrated to predict fracture in four different test specimens: two different notched-tension specimens, a simple tension specimen, and a precracked compact-tension specimen. The model was then used in a computer simulation of the Charpy V-notch specimen to initiate and advance a flat fracture. Results were compared with interrupted Charpy tests. Calibration of the model for two additional heat treatments of A533B-1 steel is in progress.

With increasingly stringent requirements on the performance of accelerators and storage rings, there is a wide interest in modeling-based control. The organizers recognized the need to have an overview and discussion on the current status of modeling-based accelerator control and how advances in computer technology, software engineering, and expert systems can impact control and diagnosis. As a result, a workshop was organized at the Brookhaven National Laboratory on August 17-18, 1987. It was made possible by the joint support of the AGS, NSLS and Applied Mathematics Departments of BNL. The talks and discussions were divided into three main topics: elements of modeling, knowledge representation, and integration of modeling-based control systems with AI and workstations. This volume is the unedited collection of papers, presented at the Workshop. Separate abstracts were prepared for 10 papers in these proceedings.

The development and use of a high temperature (300/sup 0/C) downhole flowmeter for geothermal well logging are discussed. The availability of the instrument gives the reservoir engineer a powerful tool for formation evaluation and studying wellbore dynamics. The instrument components, their function, and temperature limitations are discussed in detail. Several field examples of spinner log interpretation are also presented.

We have developed a new approach to constructing large aperture optical switches for next generation inertial confinement fusion lasers. A transparent plasma electrode formed in low pressure ionized gas acts as a conductive coating to allow the uniform charging of the optical faces of an electro-optic material. In this manner large electric fields can be applied longitudinally to large aperture, high aspect ratio Pockels cells. We propose a four-electrode geometry to create the necessary high conductivity plasma sheets, and have demonstrated fast (less than 10 nsec) switching in a 5x5 cm aperture KD*P Pockels cell with such a design. Detaid modelling of Pockels cell performance with plasma electrodes has been carried out for 15 and 30 cm aperture designs.

The tandem mirror program has evolved considerably in the last decade. Of significance is the viable reactor concept embodied in the MARS design. An aggressive experimental program, culminating in the operation of MFTF-B in late 1986, will provide a firm basis for refining the MARS design as necessary for constructing a reactor prototype in the 1990s.

I shall begin with a qualitative overview of the anomaly and B violation at zero and non-zero temperature, demonstrating how these processes may be understood on the back of an envelope. Then I shall discuss a part of the formalism necessary for doing calculations in more detail. Specifically, B violation is related to various solutions to the Euclidean equations of motion; instantons, sphalerons, and calorons (also called periodic instantons). The applicability of the various solutions may be understood by analogies with elementary quantum mechanics problems. Finally, I shall touch upon the computation of high-energy B violation mentioned above. 29 refs., 11 figs.

This conference is dedicated to providing an overview of the state of the art in the use of iterative methods for solving sparse linear systems with an eye to contributions of the past, present and future. The emphasis is on identifying current and future research directions in the mainstream of modern scientific computing. Recently, the use of iterative methods for solving linear systems has experienced a resurgence of activity as scientists attach extremely complicated three-dimensional problems using vector and parallel supercomputers. Many research advances in the development of iterative methods for high-speed computers over the past forty years are reviewed, as well as focusing on current research.

The Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF) may be upgraded by extending the time of plasma sustenance in an approach to steady-state operation and/or by increasing the neutral-beam injection energy. Some parameter bounds for these upgrades are discussed as they relate to a definition of the required neutral-beam development.