Changes in ozone, temperature, and other minor constituents resulting from eleven year variations in the solar flux between 180 and 340 nm are presented. Results were computed using a one-dimensional time dependent model that allows for all major feedbacks and time delays which may result from changing photolysis rates in the O/sub x/--NO/sub x/--HO/sub x/--ClO/sub x/ system. Since the 1950's the chlorine content of the stratosphere has been increasing. The effect of this increase on ozone variability during the last two solar cycles is analyzed. Expected variations in O/sub 3/ and temperature resulting from changes in the uv flux are compared to available measurements.

A brief review is given of significant developments in the management of high-level nuclear wastes since the Oct. 1976 first Pacific Basin Conference on Nuclear Power Development and the Fuel Cycle. Emphasis is on policy and technical developments in the U.S., with some attention paid to developments in other countries that have impacted technical direction in the U.S. Spent fuel and its packaging, vitrification, high-level waste glasses, and repositories are discussed. It is concluded that predisposal technology for processing high-level wastes is well developed and that geologic media can be used for disposal of nuclear wastes without significant risk. 19 figures. (DLC)

We describe neutral beam injector research and development at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley and Lawrence Livermore Laboratories, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. All neutral beam systems for present and near-term applications are based on the acceleration and neutralization of positive ions. The research and development is carried out at LBL/LLL and ORNL. Present emphasis at LBL/LLL is on 80 to 120 kV systems for the mirror program and for the TFTR and D III tokamaks. Present emphasis at ORNL is on 40 to 80 kV systems for the PLT, ISX, and PDX, and 80 to 200 kV systems for LPTT and TNS tokamaks. Injectors for the future experiments and reactors may operate at energies of 200 keV or higher, especially for mirror machine applications, where positive-ion-based efficiencies will be very low, assuming no energy recovery. Research on negative-ion-based systems with potentially high efficiencies is carried out at BNL and at LBL/LLL and ORNL. The first demonstration of a high-power neutral beam based on negative ions is planned for 1980.

Future prospects regarding the numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations using the finite element method are discussed. Since the ultimate goal is to solve these equations in three-dimensions, only the primitive variable (u,P) formulation is considered. A novel feature of the two-dimensional solution technique relates to the methodology developed and employed for solving the semi-discretized system of ordinary differential equations, which are outlined in the section describing the development of the two-dimensional code. Following the discussion of numerical results from two-dimensional calculations, three-dimensional flows are discussed, where several potentially viable options are considered. (TFD)

A method was developed that allows the mode-locking process to go to its steady state condition before the laser is Q-switched. This is done by pumping the laser quasi-cw for about 5 ms. During this time, the loss in the Q-switch is such that the laser will just slightly go above threshold. The active modulator is on during this time, and the laser oscillates quasi-cw for a period long enough to obtain stable transform-limited short pulses. At the end of this prelase period, the laser is Q-switched, and a train of stable, short pulses is obtained.

Quark models of the two-nucleon interaction are reviewed with particular emphasis on calculations in the MIT bag model.

This report presents the abstracts for the CUBE (Computer Use by Engineers) Symposium, October 4, through 6, 1978. Contributors are from Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, and Sandia Laboratories.

Three projects initiated for economics, ecological, and educational reasons are described. Two projects have air systems and one has a liquid system. The buildings are a school building, a medical office building, and a college residence hall. The system designs, experiences, and problems are reviewed briefly. (MHR)

Methods for evaluating subsurface disposal systems, based on data derived from membrane filtration tests and core flooding experiments, have been described in the literature. These techniques were used to develop and successfully test equipment for evaluation of injectability of any geothermal effluent including hypersaline brine from the Salton Sea Geothermal Field. A schematic diagram of the prototype system for filtration and core flooding is included.

None

Reaction of optically pure (+) and (-) 7{beta},8{alpha}-dihydroxy-9{alpha},10{alpha}-epoxy-7,8,9.10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene with DNA in vitro yielded diastereomeric covalent adducts with the exocyclic amino groups of deoxyguanosine and deoxyadenosine. The ratio of two deoxyguanosine diastereomers derived by reacting the (+) and (-) hydrocarbons with native calf thymus and double stranded 0X174 DNA was 20:1 while reaction of the enantiomers with heat denatured calf thymus and single stranded 0X174 DNA resulted in a ratio near 1:1. In contrast, deoxyaadenosine diastereomer pairs were approximately 1:1 in all cases studied. The (+) and (-) enantiomers of the benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide, therefore, interact asymmetrically with the guanine binding sites of double stranded but not single stranded polydeoxynucleotides. In contrast, reaction of the enantiomers with adenine is not stereoselective.

Using a new experimental technique based on hysteresis, the time development of the size of a localized packet of electronhole drops (EHD) in a spatially uniform free exciton gas near threshold is measured for times approximately 10/sup 4/ sec. No significant motion is found, determining an upper limit D approximately < 10/sup -9/cm/sup 2/sec/sup -1/ to the possible EHD diffusion constant.

The most prominent collective modes excited in deep-inelastic reactions are reviewed, and the natural hierarchy provided by their characteristic relaxation times is described. A model is presented which treats the relaxation of the mass asymmetry mode in terms of a diffusion process. Charge distributions and angular distributions as a function of Z calculated with this model are in good agreement with experimental data. An extension of this diffusion model which treats the transfer of energy and angular momentum in terms of particle transfer is described, and is successfully compared with experimental ..gamma..-ray multiplicities as a function of both Q-value and mass asymmetry. The problem of angular momentum transfer is again considered in connection with the sequential fission of heavy, deep-inelastic fragments and the excitation of collective modes in the exit channel is suggested. Lastly, the role of the giant E1 mode in the equilibration of the neutron-to-proton ratio is discussed. 14 figures, 39 references.

A specimen-exchange device is described for an ultra-high vacuum field-ion microscope (FIM). This device completely eliminates the long pump-down period that is required if the FIM chamber is brought back to atmospheric pressure. The pressure in an air-lock is reduced to 10/sup -6/ Torr before the exchange takes place and the pressure in the FIM chamber remains below 10/sup -7/ Torr during the exchange and it drops to less than 3 x 10/sup -9/ Torr within 15 minutes after the exchange.

The discussions, conclusions, and recommendations of the Magma/Hydrothermal Drilling and Instrumentation Workshop, Albuquerque, NM, May 31--June 2, 1978 are summarized. Three working groups were organized as follows: Drilling Location and Environment, Drilling and Completion Technology, and Logging and Instrumentation Technology. The first group discussed potential drilling sites and the environment that could be expected in drilling to magma depth at each site. Sites suggested for early detailed evaluation as candidate drilling sites were The Geysers-Clear Lake, CA, Kilauea, HI, Long Valley-Mono Craters, CA, and Yellowstone, WY. Magma at these sites is expected to range from 3 to 10 km deep with temperatures of 800 to 1100{sup 0}C. Detailed discussions of the characteristics of each site are given. In addition, a list of geophysical measurements desired for the hole is presented. The Drilling and Completion Group discussed limitations on current rotary drilling technology as a function of depth and temperature. The group concluded that present drilling systems can be routinely used to temperatures of 200{sup 0}C and depths to 10 km; drilling to 350{sup 0}C can be accomplished with modifications of present techniques, drilling at temperatures from 350{sup 0}C to 1100{sup 0}C will require the development of new drilling techniques. A …

General relativistic gravitational theories are constructed from suitable intransitive continuous groups of transformations. A minimal invariant variety forms the unperturbed universe. The formalism of the group is generalized to have the symmetry of its action on this manifold broken by gauge potentials. The theory is expressed in these potentials, and it is shown how the present symmetry breaking is related to a general metric. The physical interpretation of the formalism is outlined. 14 references.