TlBa{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} and Tl{sub 2}Ba{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} powders were synthesized, loaded into Ag tubes, and worked into wires and tapes by drawing and rolling. All processing outside of furnaces was in a dry-N{sub 2} glovebox. All heat treatments were performed in O{sub 2}. The Ag-clad wires fabricated from these powders exhibited onset of superconductivity at {approx}118 K and critical current densities at 77K of 2{times}10{sup 3} to 4{times}10{sup 3} A/cm{sup 2}.

For high precision and high sensitivity studies of the physics of kaon physics of kaon decays, the important characteristics of the new Main Injector at Fermilab are its high energy (relative to other factories'') and its high intensity. Experiments of this kind are becoming increasingly important in the study of CP violation and for searches for new interactions. An extracted beam of 120 GeV will produce a source of high energy kaons (10--50 GeV) that will not be surpassed in intensity by any facility new under consideration world-wide.

Over the last year, several 4-cm-aperture, 17-m-long dipole magnet prototypes were built by Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) under contract with the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) Laboratory. These prototypes are the last phase of a half-decade-long R D program, carried out in collaboration with Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, and aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of the SSC main ring magnets. They also lay the ground for the 5-cm aperture dipole magnet program to be started soon. After reviewing the design features of the BNL 4-cm-aperture, 17-m-long dipole magnets, we describe in detail the various steps of their fabrication. For each step, we discuss the parameters that need to be mastered, and we compare the values that were achieved for the five most recent prototypes. The data appear coherent and reproducible, demonstrating that the assembly process in under control. 23 refs., 10 figs., 4 tabs.

The major objective of this program is to measure thermal rate coefficients and branching ratios of elementary reactions. To perform these measurements, we have constructed an ultrahigh-purity shock tube to generate temperatures between 1000 and 5500 K. The tunable-laser flash-absorption technique is used to measure the rate of change of the concentration of species which absorb below 50,000 cm{sup {minus}1} e.g.: OH, CH, and CH{sub 3}. This technique is being extended into the vacuum-ultraviolet spectral region where we can measure atomic species e.g.: H, D, C, O, and N; and diatomic species e.g.: O{sub 2}, CO, and OH.

We present recent results from the Collider Detector at Fermilab. Searches for the top quark have established a lower bound of M{sub top} > 91 GeV/c{sup 2} (at 95% confidence level). A measurement of B{sup o}{bar B}{sup o} mixing has been obtained from b{bar b} {yields} e{mu}, ee events. Measurements of b-quark production have been obtained from e + X events and J/{psi} + K events. The mass of the W boson has been determined to be M{sub W} = 79.91 {plus minus} 0.39 GeV/c{sup 2}. In searching for new gauge bosons, we have obtained the bounds M{sub Z{prime}} > 412 GeV/c{sup 2} and M{sub W{prime}} > 520 GeV/c{sup 2} (at 95% C.L.). The lower limits on the quark and lepton compositeness scales are 1.4 TeV. In the next two years of data collection, we expect significantly more events for numerous types of physics, due to 25 times more beam luminosity, and improvement to the detector. In the longer term, the Main Injector'' upgrade to the accelerator, further improvements to the detector are being planned to exploit the potentials for physics. We discuss prospects for the discovery of the top quark, precise measurement of properties of b quark, and searches …

The cosmological dark matter problem is reviewed. The Big Bang Nucleosynthesis constraints on the baryon density are compared with the densities implied by visible matter, dark halos, dynamics of clusters, gravitational lenses, large-scale velocity flows, and the {Omega} = 1 flatness/inflation argument. It is shown that (1) the majority of baryons are dark; and (2) non-baryonic dark matter is probably required on large scales. It is also noted that halo dark matter could be either baryonic or non-baryonic. Descrimination between cold'' and hot'' non-baryonic candidates is shown to depend on the assumed seeds'' that stimulate structure formation. Gaussian density fluctuations, such as those induced by quantum fluctuations, favor cold dark matter, whereas topological defects such as strings, textures or domain walls may work equally or better with hot dark matter. A possible connection between cold dark matter, globular cluster ages and the Hubble constant is mentioned. Recent large-scale structure measurements, coupled with microwave anisotropy limits, are shown to raise some questions for the previously favored density fluctuation picture. Accelerator and underground limits on dark matter candidates are also reviewed.

Over the past two years, in collaboration with the Anglo-Australian Observatory, we have constructed a prototype version of the hardware and software needed to discover distant supernovae for a measurement of {Omega}, the ratio of the average density of the universe to the critical density. To make this measurement, we will use Type Ia supernova, which are now thought to be adequate standard candles for this purpose. 5 refs.

Article on the strain effects on the interface properties of nitride semiconductors.

The In-Situ Remediation Integrated Program (ISR IP) was initiated in FY 1991 and is progressing through the planning stages. The ISR IP currently plans to invest in the development of in situ bioremediation for the cleanup of volatile organics in the vadose zone and in groundwater, and in R D activities to support the development of electrokinetics. Additional investment decisions will be made as a result of convening technical support groups to evaluate and recommend R D activities for other in situ remediation technologies. The major activities for this fiscal year include the overall planning for the ISR IP. A five-year program plan to be prepared later this year will establish the long-term goals for the program. To support the preparation of this plan, interfaces with the integrated demonstrations, environmental restoration and waste operations have been formed to assure that the R D activities are focused on the priority problem descriptions and technology needs.

Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) and Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) are developing a remedial action technology for buried waste through the adaptation of the in situ vitrification (ISV) process. The ISV process is a thermal treatment process originally developed for the US Department of Energy (DOE) to stabilize soils contaminated with transuranic waste. ISV tests with buried waste forms have demonstrated that the processing of buried waste is more dynamic than the processing of soils. This paper will focus on the issue of containment of the gases released during the processing of buried waste and on engineered suppression systems to alleviate transient events associated with dynamic off-gassing from the ISV melt.

In situ vitrification (ISV) is being developed by researchers at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL), Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL), and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as a technology for remediating soils, underground storage tank residuals, and buried materials that have been contaminated with hazardous, radioactive, and mixed wastes (i.e., wastes containing both radioactive and hazardous wastes) at US Department of Energy (DOE) facilities. The goal of the DOE ISV technology development program (i.e., the ISV Integrated Program) is to ensure that ISV is a workable technology for environmental restoration applications for DOE and other agencies. A DOE complex-wide plan was prepared during Fiscal Year 1991 to coordinate all levels of activities associated with the deployment of ISV. As part of this plan, a programmatic regulatory strategy was developed which focused on the federal environmental, health, safety, and nuclear regulations, including the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and DOE regulations, believed to have the most significant near-term impact on the use of ISV as a remediation technology. The portion of the programmatic regulatory strategy addressing compliance with the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, as amended, and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, as amended, is presented in this …

This report is a summary of the working group 4 on hadron spectroscopy. The topics covered are: physics motivation; design of spectrometer; status of some existing hadron spectrometers; improvements to LASS; and arguments for/against a LASS-like design.

A bunch-by-bunch feedback scheme is studied for damping coupled bunch synchrotron oscillations in the proposed PEP II B Factory. The quasi-linear feedback systems design incorporates a phase detector to provide a quantized measure of bunch phase, digital signal processing to compute an error correction signal and a kicker system to correct the energy of the bunches. A farm of digital processors, operating in parallel, is proposed to compute correction signals for the 1658 bunches of the B Factory. This paper studies the use of down sampled processing to reduce the computational complexity of the feedback system. We present simulation results showing the effect of down sampling on beam dynamics. Results show that down sampled processing can reduce the scale of the processing task by a factor of 10.

In situ vitrification (ISV), developed by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) for the US Department of Energy (DOE), is a thermal treatment process for the remediation of hazardous, radioactive, or mixed waste sites. The process has been broadly patented both domestically and abroad. Since the inception of ISV in 1980, developmental activities have been focused on applications to contaminated soils, and more recently the potential for application to buried wastes and underground structures (tanks). Research performed to date on the more advanced ISV applications (i.e., application to buried wastes and underground tanks) shows that significant technical and economic potential exists for using ISV to treat buried wastes and underground structures containing radionuclides and/or hazardous constituents. Present ISV applications are directed to the treatment of contaminated soils; the likelihood of using ISV to treat underground tanks depends on the resolution of significant technical and institutional issues related to this advanced application. This paper describes the ISV process and summarizes the technical progress of underground tank vitrification (UTV), discusses pertinent regulatory issues facing the use of UTV, and presents the potential cost of UTV relative to other remedial action alternatives.

We propose the use of recently developed techniques of circular intensity differential scattering (CIDS), as extended to the soft x-ray region of the spectrum (16 eV to 500 eV), to study the higher order organization of the eukaryotic chromosome. CIDS is the difference in scattering power of an object when illuminated by right circularly polarized vs. left circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation of arbitrary wavelength. CIDS has been shown to be a very sensitive measure of the helical organization of the scattering object eg. the eukaryotic chromosome. Preliminary results of measurements of samples of bacteriophages and octopus sperm done at SRC, Wisconsin, show the technique to be very sensitive to the dimensional parameters of the particles interrogated by circularly polarized light. 7 refs., 5 figs.

We describe the use of the Sun Remote Procedure Call and Unix socket interprocess communication mechanisms to provide the network transport for a distributed, client-server based, image handling system. Clients run under Unix or UNICOS and servers run under Unix or MS-DOS. The use of remote procedure calls across local or wide-area networks to make video movies is addressed.

The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects can present a feasibility issue for a self-cooled liquid metal blanket of magnetically confined fusion reactors, especially inboard regime of a tokamak. This pressure drop can be significantly reduced by using insulated wall structure. A self-healing insulating coating has been identified, which will reduce the pressure drop by more than a factor of 10. The future research direction to further quantify the performance of this coating is also outlined.

The Beam 44 fragment separator was built at the Bevalac of LBL for NMR studies of beta emitting nuclei. {sup 37}K, {sup 39}Ca, and {sup 43}Ti fragments originating from {sup 40}Ca and {sup 46}Ti primary beams were separated by the separator for NMR studies on these nuclei. Nuclear spin polarization was created in {sup 39}Ca and {sup 43}Ti using the tilted foil technique (TFT), and the magnetic moment of {sup 43}Ti was deduced. Fragment polarization was measured for {sup 37}K and {sup 39}Ca emitted to finite deflection angles. The Beam 44 fragment separator in combination with a proper polarization technique, such as TFT or fragment polarization, has been very effective for such NMR studies.

One of the key uncertainties relative to future increases in atmospheric CO{sub 2} is the extent to which growth in future emissions will be accommodated by increased uptake by terrestrial vegetation, the so-called fertilization'' effect. Research on this issue is currently pursued by many research groups around the world, using various experimental protocols and devices. These range from leaf cuvettes to various types of enclosures and glass-houses to various types of open-field gas enrichment or fumigation systems. As research priorities move from crops to forests and natural ecosystems, these experimental devices tend to become large and enrichment gas (i.e., CO{sub 2}) requirements and costs become a major factor in experimental design. This paper considers the relative efficiencies of gas usage for different types of systems currently in use. One of these is the Free Air CO{sub 2} Enrichment System (FACE) designed and developed at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). In this paper, we develop some nondimensional groups of parameters for the purpose of characterizing performance, i.e., enrichment gas usage. These nondimensional groups are then used as figures of merit and basically allow the required flow rates of CO{sub 2} to be predicted based on the geometry of the device, wind speed, …

As crosssections drop as E{sup {minus}2} a desirable target for a 100 TeV the Eloisatron would be to achieve luminosities {approximately}1.10{sup 35} cm{sup 2}/sec. To understand the impact of such an objective we have compared parameters for the SSC and Eloisatron to differentiate areas which involve considerable extrapolations from current technologies from those which represent more conventional scale-ups. Synchrotron radiation losses per m for the same guide magnetic field associated with such luminosities would be up by E{sup 2} {times} I where E is the energy and I is the circulating current. This would result in energy densities of {approximately}250 times the nominal SSC values. The SSC is already limited by installed refrigeration power and if the circulating current was to be increased would have to use liners at liquid nitrogen temperatures to intercept the radiation as is proposed for the LHC. This issue was the subject of lively discussion at the workshop and is dealt with elsewhere by other authors. This author believed that the radiation could be intercepted by room temperature catchers spaced every 15--25 m around the ring. To obtain the requisite luminosities it assumes similar bunch spacing but circulating currents an order of magnitude larger than …

Preliminary results, based on the full data sample from Fermilab-E731 and the combined data sample from CERN-NA31, on the direct'' CP-violation measurements {epsilon}{prime}{epsilon} in neutral kaon decay have been reviewed. The E731's results if Re({epsilon}{prime}{epsilon}) = (6.0 {plus minus} 5.8(stat) {plus minus} 3.2(syst) {plus minus} 1.8(MC)) {times} 10{sup {minus}4}, which provides no evidence for direct'' CP-violation, thus supporting the Superweak model; while the NA31's combined result (1986 + 1988 + 1989 data) is Re({epsilon}{prime}/{epsilon} = (23{plus minus}3.4(stat) {plus minus}6.5(syst)){times}10{sup 4}, three standard deviations from zero, which provides evidence for the direct'' CP-violation in the Standard Model. Comparisons of the two experiments are made. The Fermilab-E731 group has also fit for the other parameters of the neutral kaon system in their 2{pi} data sample, such as: the K{sub S} life time {tau}{sub S}; the K{sub L}-K{sub S} mass difference {delta}m; the phase difference between {eta}{sub +-}, {delta}{phi} = ({minus}0.6{plus minus}1.6){degrees}). Which is a test of CPT invariance; the Superweak phase {phi}{sub SW} = (43.37{plus minus}0.22){degrees}, and the phase of {eta}{sub {plus minus}}, {phi}{sub {plus minus}} = (43.2{plus minus} 1.6){degrees}, which is predicted by CPT invariance to equal {phi}{sub SW}.

When considering networks on the basis of geographical scope (i.e., local to wide area networks), the focus is often on the lower three layers of the International Standards Organization Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model (OSI/RM). By contrast, the upper three layers of the Model deal not so much with transport as with network services that are to a first approximation independent of geographical scope. Using this theme, the paper first discusses United States trends in local, metropolitan, and wide area networks. Following this is a description of computer services needed and advances in services offered by networks; an area of increasing emphasis in the United States. Finally, consideration is given to the impact that such trends may have on high energy physics and US HEPnet. The time horizon considered here is limited to mid-decade or a little beyond because studies of technology forecasting beyond five to six years have been shown to be inaccurate. This paper concentrates on computer networks. Through the mid-1990's there appears to be no significant technical or cost advantage for integrating voice and data. 5 refs., 7 figs.

In high energy linear colliders the transverse beam emittance has to be preserved in order to achieve small interaction spots. If the beam is off-center in an accelerating cavity, it excites transverse wakefields, mainly the dipole mode, which deflects the tail of the beam leading to an emittance growth. In a high dispersive region, even a well centered beam can excite wakefields of higher order modes since the energy spread of the beam causes a transverse beam size which is comparable with the beam pipe. During the bunch length compression in the ring-to-linac (RTL) section of the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC), the beam pipe of 75 mm diameter is practically filled in the horizontal plane. Especially, if beam losses start to be involved, the very outer parts of the beam excite wakefields at any pipe irregularities like bellows, diameter steps, etc. Measured evidences, theoretical estimates and comparisons to other effects, like higher order magnet optics, are presented.

Hanford's Double-Shell Tank (DST) waste disposal program was redefined following serious challenges to the viability of the previous strategy due to increased regulatory requirements and operating expectations. Redefinition of the DST waste disposal program involved a far-reaching set of decisions and actions. A formal stakeholder involvement process was used to bring the concerns of outside groups into the definition and evaluation of alternative tank waste disposal strategies, broadening the participation and ownership of the revised program.