High field dipole and quadrupole magnet designs with racetrack coils are investigated. The design option is particularly attractive for a muon collider dipole magnet using the Nb{sub 3}Sn superconductor. A conceptual design of {approx} 15 T single aperture dipole magnet is presented where the coils maintain a simple 2-d structure through the ends. The use of racetrack coils in quadrupole magnets is also discussed. It appears that the racetrack coils are less attractive for high gradient quadrupole magnets.

In this work we present a parallel neural network controller training code, that uses MPI, a portable message passing environment. A comprehensive performance analysis is reported which compares results of a performance model with actual measurements. The analysis is made for three different load assignment schemes: block distribution, strip mining and a sliding average bin packing (best-fit) algorithm. Such analysis is crucial since optimal load balance can not be achieved because the work load information is not available a priori. The speedup results obtained with the above schemes are compared with those corresponding to the bin packing load balance scheme with perfect load prediction based on a priori knowledge of the computing effort. Two multiprocessor platforms: a SGI/Cray Origin 2000 and a IBM SP have been utilized for this study. It is shown that for the best load balance scheme a parallel efficiency of over 50% for the entire computation is achieved by 17 processors of either parallel computers.

We address the semirelativistic constituent-quark model with linear confinement and a hyperfine interaction deduced from Goldstone-boson exchange. In the version where the latter is represented by pseudoscalar meson exchange ({pi}, K, {eta}, {eta}{prime})and restricted to the spin-spin component only a unified description of all light- and strange-baryon spectra is provided in close agreement with phenomenology. We discuss the extension of the model that includes also the tensor components of the pseudoscalar meson exchange and in addition vector-meson ({rho}, {omega}, K*, {phi}) and scalar-meson ({sigma}) exchanges. A preliminary version thereof provides a description of the baryon spectra with similar good quality.

The DOE Knowledge Base is a library of detailed information whose purpose is to improve the capability of the United States National Data Center (USNDC) to monitor compliance with the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). Much of the data contained by the Knowledge Base is spatial in nature, and some of it is used to improve the accuracy with which seismic locations are determined while maintaining or improving current calculational perfor- mance. In this presentation, we define and describe the methodology used to create spatial tessellations of seismic data which are utilized with a gradient-modified natural-neighbor interpolation method to evaluate travel-time corrections. The goal is to interpolate a specified correction surface, or a group of them, with prescribed accuracy and surface smoothness requirements, while minimizing the number of data points necessary to represent the surface. Maintain- ing accuracy is crucial toward improving the precision of seismic origin location. Minimizing the number of nodes in the tessellation improves calculational and data access efficiency and performance. The process requires two initialization steps and an iterated 7 step algorithm for inserting new tessellation nodes. First, M residual data from ground truth events are included in the tessellation. These data remain fixed throughout the …

The Federal Aviation Administration's Airworthiness Assurance NDI Validation Center (AANC) is currently characterizing low cycle fatigue specimens that will support the needs of penetrant manufacturers, commercial airline industry and the Federal Aviation Administration. The main focus of this characterization is to maintain and enhance the evaluation of penetrant inspection materials and apply resources to support the aircraft community needs. This paper discusses efforts to-date to document the Wright Laboratory penetrant evaluation process and characterize penetrant brightness readings in the initial set of sample calibration panels using Type 1 penetrant.

A high current kicker has been designed and tested on the ETA-II beam line. A bias dipole which surrounds the kicker acts to deflect the beam in the DC mode. High voltage pulsers (10kV) with fast rise times (10ns) are connected to the internal strip lines of the kicker. They are used to manipulate beams dynamically. Camera photos which show the switching of the beam from one position to another will be presented. Beam bug measurements of beam-induced as well as active steering will be shown. These will be compared with theoretical predictions.

The CDF experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron has proven to be well suited for precision studies of b physics. Thanks to the excellent performance of the Tevatron Collider and the detector, CDF has accumulated very large data samples and roughly a decade of experience with b physics in p{bar p} collisions. With the much higher luminosities expected for the Main Injector era, the next decade promises to be an even more fruitful period for CDF. Here we offer a brief overview of issues in hadron-collider b physics and a summary of CDF's accomplishments and future plans.

The DOE Knowledge Base is a library of detailed information whose purpose is to support the United States National Data Center (USNDC) in its mission to monitor compliance with the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). One of the important tasks which the USNDC must accomplish is to periodically perform detailed analysis of events of high interest, so-called "Special Events", to provide the national authority with information needed to make policy decisions. In this paper we investigate some possible uses of the Knowledge Base for Special Event Analysis (SEA), and make recommendations for improving Knowledge Base support for SEA. To analyze an event in detail, there are two basic types of data which must be used sensor-derived data (wave- forms, arrivals, events, etc.) and regiohalized contextual data (known sources, geological characteristics, etc.). Cur- rently there is no single package which can provide full access to both types of data, so for our study we use a separate package for each MatSeis, the Sandia Labs-developed MATLAB-based seismic analysis package, for wave- form data analysis, and ArcView, an ESRI product, for contextual data analysis. Both packages are well-suited to pro- totyping because they provide a rich set of currently available functionality and yet …

The U.S. National Laboratories, under the auspices of the Department of Energy, have been tasked with improv- ing the capability of the United States National Data Center (USNDC) to monitor compliance with the Comprehen- sive Test Ban Trea~ (CTBT). One of the most important services which the USNDC must provide is to locate suspicious events, preferably as accurately as possible to help identify their origin and to insure the success of on-site inspections if they are deemed necessary. The seismic location algorithm used by the USNDC has the capability to generate accurate locations by applying geographically dependent travel time corrections, but to date, none of the means, proposed for generating and representing these corrections has proven to be entirely satisfactory. In this presentation, we detail the complete DOE model for how regional calibration travel time information gathered by the National Labs will be used to improve event locations and provide more realistic location error esti- mates. We begin with residual data and error estimates from ground truth events. Our model consists of three parts: data processing, data storage, and data retrieval. The former two are effectively one-time processes, executed in advance before the system is made operational. The last step …

Using seeding techniques to control the orientation of grains, we have been able to create a wide variety of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 6+x}, grain boundaries. In addition to five domain samples with 90{degree}[100] twist and tilt grain boundaries, we have now developed a method to produce grain boundaries in the same sample that have the misorientations {theta}[001] tilt, {theta}[100] tilt, and 90{degree} {approximately} {theta}[100], where the disorientation angle {theta} is fully controllable. We will demonstrate how these boundaries can be synthesized, give experimental evidence via polarized light microscopy and electron backscatter patterns (EBSP) that the intended grain boundaries were indeed formed, and discuss the importance of these boundaries in future grain boundary studies.

We have measured the mean and standard deviation of the solution concentrations of B, Na, and Si attained in replicate dissolution tests conducted at temperatures of 20, 40, and 70 C, for durations of 3 and 7 days, and at glass/water mass ratios of 1:10 and 1:1. These and other tests were conducted to evaluate the adequacy of the test methods specified in privatization contracts and to develop a data base that can be used to evaluate the reliability of reported results for tests performed on the waste products. Tests were conducted with a glass that we formulated to be similar to low-activity waste products that will be produced during the remediation of Hanford tank wastes. Statistical analyses indicated that, while the mean concentrations of B, Na, and Si were affected by the values of test parameters, the standard deviation of replicate tests was not. The precision of the tests was determined primarily by uncertainties in the analysis of the test solutions. Replicate measurements of other glass properties that must be reported for Hanford low-activity waste products were measured to evaluate the possible adoption of the glass used in these tests as a standard test material for the product acceptance …

In this paper we study the relation between six-dimensional supergravity compactified on S{sup 3} x AdS{sub 3} and certain two-dimensional conformal field theories. We compute the Kaluza-Klein spectrum of supergravity using representation theory; these methods are quite general and can also be applied to other compactifications involving anti-de Sitter spaces. A detailed comparison between the spectrum of the two-dimensional conformal field theory and supergravity is made, and we find complete agreement. This applies even at the level of certain non-chiral primaries, and we propose a resolution to the puzzle of the missing states recently raised by Vafa. As a further illustration of the method the Kaluza-Klein spectra of F-theory on M{sup 6} x S{sup 3} x AdS{sub 3} and of M-theory on M{sup 6} x S{sup 2} x AdS{sub 3} are computed, with M{sup 6} some Calabi-Yau manifold.

Typical surface profile power spectra of capsules used in Nova and Omega implosion experiments are presented. All Nova capsules are essentially identical in size and composition; their differences reflect small shell-to-shell variations. Differences among the Omega capsule power spectra can be attributed to changes in material properties with doping and (very importantly) differences in processing experience. These capsule power spectra accurately reflect past and current production, but are only a starting point for future capabilities.

In this paper, we indicate how the great advantages that ICF offers for interplanetary propulsion can be accomplished with the VISTA spacecraft concept. The performance of VISTA is expected to surpass that from other realistic technologies for Mars missions if the energy gain achievable for ICF targets is above several hundred. Based on the good performance expected from the U. S. National Ignition Facility (NIF), the requirements for VISTA should be well within the realm of possibility if creative target concepts such as the fast ignitor can be developed. We also indicate that a 6000-ton VISTA can visit any planet in the solar system and return to Earth in about 7 years or less without any significant physiological hazards to astronauts. In concept, VISTA provides such short-duration missions, especially to Mars, that the hazards from cosmic radiation and zero gravity can be reduced to insignificant levels. VISTA therefore represents a significant step forward for space-propulsion concepts.

Though a final version of the software is pending the 8800PC operating system host computer is a welcomed change from the old Digital (DEC) host computer. The 8800PC host computer uses the Windows NT operating system and has proven to be very user friendly. Descriptive window messages replace the cryptic coding of the DEC host. Though numerous electrical components were replaced, system calibration remained constant. Calibrated Thermoluminescent (TL) output from a randomly selected 8815 field card was measured before and after the upgrade. The % difference, when comparing calibrated output from an upgraded reader to the non upgraded reader, ranged from 0.2 to 3%. The most disappointing aspect of the upgrade experience was the lag time between hardware installation and software completion.

Development of a robust, high-average-power (210 kW, CW) microwave transmission line system for the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) facility is a stringent engineering and operational requirement. One key component in this RF transmission system is the vacuum barrier window. The requirement of high-power handling capability coupled to the desirability of good mean time to failure characteristics can be treated substantially with a set of microwave, thermal-structural, and Weibull analysis codes. In this paper, we examine realistic 3-D engineering models of the ceramic windows. We model the detailed cooling circuit and make use of accurate heat deposition models for the RF. This input and simulation detail is used to analyze the thermal- structural induced stresses in baseline coaxial window configurations. We also use a Weibull-distribution failure.

Spatial-filter pinholes and knife-edge samples were irradiated in vacuum by 1053-nm, 5-20 ns pulses at intensities to 500 GW/cm<sup2</sup>. The knife-edge samples were fabricated of plastic, carbon, ahnuinum, stainless steel, molybdenum, tantalum, gold and an absorbing glass. Time-resolved two-beam interferometry with a 40-ns probe pulse was used to observe phase shifts in the expanding laser-induced plasma. For all of these materials, at any time during square-pulse irradiation, the phase shift fell exponentially with distance from the edge of the sample. The expansion was characterized by the propagation velocity V_2x of the contour for a 2(pi) phase shift. To within experimental error, V_2x, was constant during irradiation at a particular intensity, and it increased linearly with intensity for intensities <300 GW/cn². For metal samples, V, exhibited an approximate M^-0.5 dependence where M is the atomic mass. Plasmas of plastic, carbon and absorbing glass produced larger phase shifts, and expanded more rapidly, than plasmas of the heavy metals. The probe beam and interferometer were also used to observe the closing of pinholes. With planar pinholes, accumulation of on-axis plasma was observed along with the advance of plasma away from the edge of the hole. On-axis closure was not observed in square, 4-leaf …

Several studies have shown the possibility of achieving superplastic behavior in laminated metal composites consisting of alternating layers of superplastic and non-superplastic materials. Achieving high rate sensitivity in such a laminate requires the appropriate choice of component materials and component volume fraction as well as deformation under appropriate conditions of strain rate and temperature. The first investigators to study this behavior were Snyder et al. [1], who demonstrated that a non-superplastic material (interstitial free iron) could be made superplastic by lamination with a superplastic material (fine-grained ultrahigh carbon steel (UHCS)). Other laminates in which superplasticity has been observed in a non-superplastic material include UHCS/stainless steel and UHCS/aluminum bronze. In these studies, tensile tests were conducted with the tensile axis parallel to the layers. High strain rate sensitivities were observed and are associated with high tensile ductilities. However, as observed by Tsai et al. [2], obtaining high strain rate sensitivity is a necessary but not sufficient condition for high elongations. Tsai et al. studied the UHCS/brass laminate and found that, despite a strain rate sensitivity exponent of 0.5, only about 60% elongation was obtained. The low tensile ductility resulted from brittle, intergranular fracture of the brass. Once cracking started in the …

All of the major acceptor (Mg, C, Be) and donor (Si, S, Se and Te) dopants have been implanted into GaN films grown on A1203 substrates. Annealing was performed at 1100- 1500 C, using AIN encapsulation. Activation percentages of >90Y0 were obtained for Si+ implantation annealed at 1400 C, while higher temperatures led to a decrease in both carrier concentration and electron mobility. No measurable redistribution of any of the implanted dopants was observed at 1450 C.

We describe the parallelization of a three dimensional, un structured grid, finite element code which solves hyperbolic conservation laws for mass, momentum, and energy, and diffusion equations modeling heat conduction and radiation transport. Explicit temporal differencing advances the cell-based gasdynamic equations. Diffusion equations use fully implicit differencing of nodal variables which leads to large, sparse, symmetric, and positive definite matrices. Because of the unstructured grid, the off-diagonal non-zero elements appear in unpredictable locations. The linear systems are solved using parallelized conjugate gradients. The code is parailelized by domain decomposition of physical space into disjoint subdomains (SDS). Each processor receives its own SD plus a border of ghost cells. Results are presented on a problem coupling hydrodynamics to non-linear heat cond

We report on a new method using heated density gradient columns for preparing spherical poly({alpha} - methylstyrene) (P{alpha}MS) bead mandrels for inertial confinement fusion spherical shell targets. Using 1,2 propane diol/glycerol mixtures, stable density gradient columns for supporting P{alpha}MS beads can be prepared at temperatures as high as 150 {degrees}C. At these temperatures plasticized commercial beads become fluid and spherical, however loss of the plasticizer and very low molecular weight components of the bead due to limited solubility in the column fluid leads to surface finish problems. We also present results on P{alpha}MS beads prepared in an aqueous bath batch mode. Using these techniques beads with maximum out-of-rounds less than 5 {micro}m have been produced.

Iron aluminides with the B2 structure are highly oxidation and corrosion resistant. They are thermodynamically compatible with a wide range of ceramics such as TiC, WC, TiB{sub 2}, and ZrB{sub 2}. In addition, liquid iron aluminides wet these ceramics very well. Therefore, FeAl/ceramic composites may be produced by techniques such as liquid phase sintering of powder mixtures, or pressureless melt infiltration of ceramic powders with liquid FeAl. These techniques, the resulting microstructure, and their advantages as well as limitations are described. Iron aluminide composites can be very strong. Room temperature flexure strengths as high as 1.8 GPa have been observed for FeAl/WC. Substantial gains in strength at elevated temperatures (1073 K) have also been demonstrated. Above 40 vol.% WC the room temperature flexure strength becomes flaw-limited. This is thought to be due to processing flaws and limited interfacial strength. The fracture toughness of FeAl/WC is unexpectedly high and follows a mile of mixtures. Interestingly, sufficiently thin (&lt; 1 {micro}m) FeAl ligaments between adjacent WC particles fracture not by cleavage, but in a ductile manner. For these thin ligaments the dislocation pile-ups formed during deformation are not long enough to nucleate cleavage fracture, and their fracture mode is therefore ductile. For …

There does not appear to be any obvious way to accelerate neutrons, polarized or otherwise, to high energies by themselves. To investigate the behavior of polarized neutrons the authors therefore have to obtain them by accelerating them as components of heavier nuclei, and then sorting out the contribution of the neutrons in the analysis of the reactions produced by the heavy ion beams. The best neutron carriers for this purpose are probably {sup 3}He nuclei and deuterons. A polarized deuteron is primarily a combination of a proton and a neutron with their spins pointing in the same direction; in the {sup 3}He nucleus the spins of the two protons are opposite and the net spin (and magnetic moment) is almost the same as that of a free neutron. Polarized ions other than protons may be accelerated, stored and collided in a ring such as RHIC provided the techniques proposed for polarized proton operation can be adapted (or replaced by other strategies) for these ions. This paper discusses techniques for accelerating polarized {sup 3}He nuclei and deuterons.

The Spallation Neutron Source Accumulator ring is described. Also described are the challenging accelerator physics problems associated with space charge issues, injection, extraction, and beam loss.