High magnitude pressure waves are expected in the mercury-filled Spallation Neutron Source target system. An appropriate measure is needed to protect the target system from such high pressure waves. It has been known that inclusion of devices like scattering centers in the pressure field will attenuate pressure waves by scattering waves between scattering centers. A series of experiments have been conducted to test such a concept. After verifying the concept by performing simple scoping experiments, fives series of experiments were conducted with various configuration to measure changes in sound speed and pressure amplitude with inclusion of various scattering centers. Results indicate that for the conditions of our test, no significant change in sound speed was observed; however, substantial attenuation of pressure waves was detected with scattering centers in mercury.

Rapid energy deposition into spallation source targets can lead to their temperature rise at enormous rates, giving rise to dynamic thermoelastic stresses. Understanding and predicting the resulting stress waves are crucial for robust design and safe operation of such devices. To simulate the thermal shock phenomenon accurately, many factors should be carefully considered, such as geometry, surface condition, energy deposition profile, equation of state, possible cavitation, viscous damping, rate-dependent constitutive equation, element size, and time step. In this paper a closed form expression for the induced stress in slender bars with distributed energy deposition has been directly derived; it is then used to test the accuracy of computed results with FEA codes. It was found that significant errors can occur unless care is taken to restrict element size and time step depending on the boundary conditions, steepness of temperature profiles and rise rate. Criteria have been proposed for determining the above two parameters. Numerical simulation with the well-established ANSYS5.5 code system showed that excellent results could be achieved if the proposed criteria are met.