Evidence for a structural phase transition from rutile {alpha}-CrO{sub 2} phase I (P4{sub 2}/mnm) to orthorhombic {beta}-CrO{sub 2} phase II (CaCl{sub 2}-like, Pnnm) is presented using angle-resolved synchrotron x-ray diffraction and high sensitivity confocal Raman spectroscopy. The transition to the CaCl{sub 2} structure, which appears to be second-order, occurs at 12 {+-} 3 GPa without any measurable discontinuity in volume, but is accompanied by an apparent increase in compressibility. Raman data are also presented to show further evidence for a second-order structural phase transition as well to demonstrate soft-mode behavior of the B{sub 1g} phonon mode.

In this paper we use the extensive integrations produced for the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) to examine the relationship between ENSO and the monsoon at interannual and decadal timescales. We begin with an analysis of the monsoon simulation in the 20th century integrations. Six of the 18 models were found to have a reasonably realistic representation of monsoon precipitation climatology. For each of these six models SST and anomalous precipitation evolution along the equatorial Pacific during El Nino events display considerable differences when compared to observations. Out of these six models only four (GFDL{_}CM{_}2.0, GFDL{_}CM{_}2.1, MRI, and MPI{_}ECHAM5) exhibit a robust ENSO-monsoon contemporaneous teleconnection, including the known inverse relationship between ENSO and rainfall variations over India. Lagged correlations between the all-India rainfall (AIR) index and Nino3.4 SST reveal that three models represent the timing of the teleconnection, including the spring predictability barrier which is manifested as the transition from positive to negative correlations prior to the monsoon onset. Furthermore, only one of these three models (GFDL{_}CM{_}2.1) captures the observed phase lag with the strongest anticorrelation of SST peaking 2-3 months after the summer monsoon, which is partially attributable to the intensity of simulated El Nino itself. We find that …

Internal, high-aspect-ratio pore channels with their long axes parallel to the m(10{bar 1}0) plane of sapphire were generated through sequential application of photolithography, ion-beam etching and solid-state diffusion bonding. The axial orientation of channels within the m plane was systematically varied to sample a range of bounding-surface crystallographies. The morphologic evolution of these pore channels during anneals at 1700 C was recorded by postanneal optical microscopy. The development and growth of periodic axial variations in the pore channel radius was observed, and ultimately led to the formation of discrete pores. The wavelength and average pore spacing, assumed to reflect the kinetically dominant perturbation wavelength, varied with the in-plane pore channel orientation, as did the time for complete channel breakup. Results are compared to those previously obtained when pore channels were etched into c(0001)-plane sapphire and annealed under similar conditions. The results indicate a strong effect of surface stability on the evolution behavior.

Process gas tritium stripper technology has gone from catalytic oxidation followed by absorption on molecular sieve/zeolite beds to non-evaporate metal getter technology. SAES Getters produces a number of commercial getter products including St 909. St 909, a Zr-Mn-Fe alloy, is sold in pellet form, can decompose (''crack'') a number of process gas impurities, and retains lower levels of tritium than other getters. The performance of this material to remove process impurities, especially methane, under of variety of operating conditions has been part of a Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) for five years. St 909 has been tested at the bench (6 gram) scale, the pilot (500 gram) scale, and at the full (5300) gram scale under a variety of test conditions. This paper gives a brief summary of test results obtained for the different scale tests.

A comparison is given of the various recently published extractions of the Sivers functions from the HERMES and COMPASS data on single-transverse spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive deeply inelastic scattering.

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This report discusses the power supply and quench protection system selected for the MICE superconducting coupling and focusing magnets. First, the MICE focusing and coupling magnet parameters are presented. Second, the report describes passive quench protection systems for these focusing and coupling magnets. Thermal quench-back from the magnet mandrel, which is a key to the MICE magnet quench protection system, is also discussed. A system of diodes and resistors is used to control the voltage to ground as the magnet quenches. Third, the report presents the magnet power supply parameters for MICE magnets.

Data-centric scientific workflows are often modeled as dataflow process networks. The simplicity of the dataflow framework facilitates workflow design, analysis, and optimization. However, some workflow tasks are particularly ''control-flow intensive'', e.g., procedures to make workflows more fault-tolerant and adaptive in an unreliable, distributed computing environment. Modeling complex control-flow directly within a dataflow framework often leads to overly complicated workflows that are hard to comprehend, reuse, schedule, and maintain. In this paper, we develop a framework that allows a structured embedding of control-flow intensive subtasks within dataflow process networks. In this way, we can seamlessly handle complex control-flows without sacrificing the benefits of dataflow. We build upon a flexible actor-oriented modeling and design approach and extend it with (actor) frames and (workflow) templates. A frame is a placeholder for an (existing or planned) collection of components with similar function and signature. A template partially specifies the behavior of a subworkflow by leaving ''holes'' (i.e., frames) in the subworkflow definition. Taken together, these abstraction mechanisms facilitate the separation and structured re-combination of control-flow and dataflow in scientific workflow applications. We illustrate our approach with a real-world scientific workflow from the astrophysics domain. This data-intensive workflow requires remote execution and file transfer in …

We demonstrate that electrons emitted from a laser plasma can be used to generate diffraction patterns in reflection and transmission. The electrons are emitted in the direction of laser polarization with energies up to 100 keV. The broad electron energy spectrum makes possible the generation of a ''streaked'' diffraction pattern which allows recording fast processes in a single run.