Control systems being developed for the present generation of accelerators will need to adapt to changing machine and operating state conditions. Such systems must also be capable of evolving over the life of the accelerator operation. In this paper we present a framework for the development of adaptive control systems.

This document describes a demonstration for making tempered glass using minimal equipment. The demonstration is intended for a typical student of materials science, at the high school level or above. (JL)

The light distribution along one edge of a PET scintillation crystal was investigated with a Monte Carlo simulation. This position-dependent light can be used to measure the 511 keV photon interaction position in the crystal on an event by event basis, thus reducing radial elongation. The expected full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the light distribution on the 3 {times} 30 mm{sup 2} surface of a 3 {times} 10 {times} 30 mm{sup 3} bismuth germanate (BGO) crystal surrounded by a diffuse reflector was determined to be 3.0 mm. This light distribution does not change as the width (originally 3 mm) is varied from 1 to 6 mm, but decreases monotonically from 3.0 to 1.8 mm FWHM as the height (originally 10 mm) is reduced to 3 mm. Other geometrical modifications were simulated, including numerous corner reflectors on the opposing 3 {times} 30 mm{sup 2} surface, which reduced the FWHM to 2.4 mm. The response of a dual wedge photodiode combined with the predicted light distribution for the 3 {times} 10 {times} 30 mm{sup 3} BGO simulation crystal results in an expected depth of interaction resolution of 7.5 mm FWHM.

A numerical simulator of reactive chemical transport with coupling from precipitation-dissolution reactions to fluid flow, via changes of porosity and permeability, is applied to precipitation-dissolution of quartz and calcite in spatially and temporally variable fields of temperature. Significant effects on fluid flow are found in the quartz-silicic acid system in the presence of persistent, strong gradient of temperature. Transient heat flow in the quartz-silicic acid system and in a calcite-calcium ion-carbonato species system produces vanishingly small effects on fluid flow.

Results from the heavy-ion experiments at the CERN SPS are reviewed in the context of possible formation and identification of a quark-gluon plasma (QGP).

A CMOS process that is compatible with silicon p-i-n radiation detectors has been developed and characterized. A total of twelve mask layers are used in the process. The NMOS device is formed in a retrograde well while the PMOS device is fabricated directly in the high-resistivity silicon. Isolation characteristics are similar to a standard foundary CMOS process. Circuit performance using 3 {mu}m design rules has been evaluated. The measured propagation delay and power-delay product for a 51-stage ring oscillator was 1.5 ns and 43 fJ, respectively. Measurements on a simple cascode amplifier results in a gain-bandwidth product of 200 MHz at a bias current of 15 {mu}A. The input-referred noise of the cascode amplifier is 20 nV/{radical}Hz at 1 MHz.

Static and dynamical properties of QCD at finite temperature and density are reviewed. Non-perturbative aspects of the QCD plasma and modification of the hadron properties associated with the chiral transition are discussed on the basis of lattice data, effective theories and QCD sum rules. Special emphasis is laid on the importance of the finite baryon density to see the effects of the restoration of chiral symmetry in experiment.

We analyze the constraints on the mixing angles of the standard fermions with new heavy particles with exotic SU(2) {times} U(1) quantum number assignments (left-handed singlets or right-handed doublets), that appear in many extensions of the electroweak theory. The updated Charged Current and Neutral Current experimental data, including also the recent Z-peak measurements, are considered. The results of the global analysis of all these data are then presented.

In this contribution to Tini Veltman's Festschrift we shall give a paedagogical account of our work on a new class of gauge theories called W gravities. They contain higher spin gauge fields, but the usual no-go theorems for interacting field theories with spins exceeding two do not apply since these theories are in two dimensions. It is, of course, well known that ghost-free interacting massless spin 2 fields ( the metric') are gauge fields, and correspond to the geometrical notion of general coordinate transformations in general relativity, but it is yet unknown what extension of these ideas is introduced by the presence of massless higher spin gauge fields. A parallel with supergravity may be drawn: there the presence of massless spin 3/2 fields (gravitinos) corresponds to local fermi-bose symmetries of which these gravitinos are the gauge fields. Their geometrical meaning becomes only clear if one introduces superspace (with bosonic and fermionic coordinates): they correspond to local transformations of the fermionic coordinates. For W gravity one might speculate on a kind of W-superspace with extra bosonic coordinates.

The generation of a nonequilibrium population of optical phonons by photoexcited hot electrons in semiconductor quantum wells is investigated theoretically. The microscopic model of electron-phonon interaction proposed by Huang and Zhu has been used to compute the distributions of confined longitudinal optical phonons and interface modes in GaAs/AlAs quantum wells as a function of well width. Experimental tests of the calculated distributions by Raman scattering are discussed.

We briefly review some results in the theory of quantum W{sub 3} gravity in the chiral gauge. We compare them with similar results in the analogous but simpler cases of d = 2 induced gauge theories and d = 2 induced gravity.

Our new readout system was developed in collaboration with, and largely to the specification of, the E771 experimenters. E771 is a fixed target experiment designed to study the production of B hadrons by an 800 GeV/c proton beam. The experiment will operate at rates of up to 200 million beam protons per second and 10 million interactions per second. The experimental apparatus will consist of an open geometry magnetic spectrometer featuring good muon and electron identification (much of which was used in E705), and a compact 16000 channel Silicon Strip Detector. In order to satisfy the experimenter's desire to instrument 16000 SSD elements in a package only 5 cm wide, 5 cm high, and 21 cm deep, and in order to meet the performance specifications, we have made extensive use of Application Specific Integrated Circuits'' (ASIC's).

A large US utility recently began a project to determine whether the use of new energy-efficient end-use technologies and systems would economically achieve substantial energy savings (perhaps as high as 75% over current practice). Using a field-based demonstration approach, the Advanced Customer Technology Test (ACT{sup 2}) for Maximum Energy Efficiency is providing information on the maximum energy savings possible when integrated packages of new high-efficiency end-use technologies are incorporated into commercial and residential buildings and industrial and agricultural processes. This paper details the underlying rationale, approach, results to date, and future plans for ACT{sup 2}. The ultimate goal is energy efficiency (doing more with less energy) rather than energy conservation (freezing in the dark). In this paper, we first explain why a major United States utility is committed to pursuing demand-side management so aggressively. Next, we discuss the approach the utility chose for conducting the ACT{sup 2} project. We then review results obtained to date from the project's pilot demonstration site. Last, we describe other related demonstration projects being proposed by the utility.

The SVX data acquisition system includes three components: a Fastbus Sequencer, an SVX Rabbit Crate Controller and a Digitizer. These modules are integrated into the CDF DAQ system and operate the readout chips. The results of the extensive functional tests of the SVX modules are reported. We discuss the stability of the Sequencers, systematic differences between them and methods of synchronization with the Tevatron beam crossings. The Digitizer ADC calibration procedure run on the microsequencer is described. The microsequencer code used for data taking and SVX chip calibration modes is described. Measurements of the SVX data scan time are discussed.

A prototype of a high bandwidth parallel event builder has been designed and tested. The architecture is based on a simple switching network and is adaptable to a wide variety of data acquisition systems. An eight channel system with a peak throughput of 160 Megabytes per second has been implemented. It is modularly expandable to 64 channels (over one Gigabyte per second). The prototype uses a number of relatively recent commercial technologies, including very high speed fiber-optic data links, high integration crossbar switches and embedded RISC processors. It is based on an open architecture which permits the installation of new technologies with little redesign effort. 5 refs., 6 figs.

A variety of solute and precipitation strengthened copper base alloys have been irradiated to neutron-induced displacement levels of 34 to 150 dpa at 415{degrees}C and 32 dpa at 529{degrees}C in the Fast Flux Test Facility to assess their potential for high heat flux applications in fusion reactors. Several MZC-type alloys appear to offer the most promise for further study. For low fluence applications CuBeNi and spinodally strengthened CuNiTi alloys may also be suitable. Although Cu-2Be resists swelling, it is not recommended for fusion reactor applications because of its low conductivity.

Today, numerous simulation and analysis codes exist for the design, commission, and operation of accelerator beam lines. There is a need to develop a common user interface and database link to run these codes interactively. This paper will describe a proposed system, GLAD (Generic LAttice Debugger), to fulfill this need. Specifically, GLAD can be used to find errors in beam lines during commissioning, control beam parameters during operation, and design beam line optics and error correction systems for the next generation of linear accelerators and storage rings.

A generalized fast feedback system has been developed to stabilize beams at various locations in the SLC. The system is designed to perform measurements and change actuator settings to control beam states such as position, angle and energy on a pulse to pulse basis. The software design is based on the state space formalism of digital control theory. The system is database-driven, facilitating the addition of new loops without requiring additional software. A communications system, KISNet, provides fast communications links between microprocessors for feedback loops which involve multiple micros. Feedback loops have been installed in seventeen locations throughout the SLC and have proven to be invaluable in stabilizing the machine.

Teaching is a process used to bring about a change in a person or target group for the benefit of that individual, society, or the organization. The trainer's role in effecting a cultural change is not as a teacher of cultural behaviors but as a facilitator of cultural change. This paper will concentrate primarily on the analysis, solicitation of management support, and implementation phases of effecting a cultural change among a target group from the trainer's side of the process. The three major aspects of a cultural change program also will be discussed. They are: (1) gathering data, (2) soliciting management support, and (3) the implementation phase. Analysis tools such as direct observation measurement, informal and formal surveys will be discussed, and the uses of each will be demonstrated. The data gathered in the analysis phase will be used to identify cultural deficiencies in the group and to solicit management support for a cultural change. The design and development phases will be bypassed, and several methods of accomplishing the implementation phase will be highlighted.

This report contains viewgraphs on the following topics: PILAC Overview; PILAC Injection Line; PILAC General-Purpose Line Design; Program RAYTRACE; Design Performance of MRS; Program MOTER; Recent Upgrades of MOTER; Use of MOTER at Michigan State; Spectrometer Design at Michigan State; Use of MOTER at CEBAF Related Topics; TOSCA Calculations at CEBAF; TOSCA Calculations for PILAC; Measurements of EPICS Quadrupoles; Quadrupole Measurements and Analysis at Bates Laboratory; Analysis of 3D Quadrupole Data; Quadrupole 3D Fringe Fields (Theoretical Lecture); Analysis of 3D Field Data; Analysis of Dipole Fringe Fields; Quadrupoles with Perfect N=2 Symmetry; CEBAF Superconducting Cos (20) Quadrupole; Upgrades to TRANSPORT and TURTLE; Optics using Differential Algebra; and A Possible Test of Quad Optics Using EPICS.

The exceptional resolution and nondestructive nature of microfocus radiography has proven to be extremely useful in the diagnosis of electronic component failures, particularly when the components are contained in sealed or encapsulated assemblies. An epoxy-encapsulated NTC thermistor and an epitaxial silicon P-N junction photodetector are examples of discrete devices in which the cause of failure was correctly hypothesized directly from a radiographic image. Subsequent destructive physical examinations confirmed the initial hypothesis and established the underlying cause in each case. The problem in a vacuum switch tube which failed to function was apparent in the radiographic image, but the underlying cause was not clear. However, radiography also showed that the position of a flat cable in the assembly could contribute to failure, an observation which resulted in a change in manufacturing procedure. In each of these instances, microradiography played a key role in decisions concerning the root cause of failure, product viability, and corrective action. 15 refs., 10 figs.

The D3-D tokamak operates with a neutron radiation shield to allow enhanced plasma operations with increased neutron production while minimizing the site boundary dose level. Neutron rates as high as 4 {times} 10{sup 15} neutrons/s and total neutron production as high as 4 {times} 10{sup 15} neutrons per shot are obtained while maintaining the site dose below the DOE administrative level of 20 mrem per year; a much more restrictive level than the State of California radiation limits. The radiation shielding has increased by a factor of 300 over the preshield value and is in agreement with the design calculation. The maximum site neutron dose since installation of the shield has been less than 0.03 mrem for a shot and less than 0.4 mrem for a day. The site neutron and gamma dose are monitored continuously during operations by a PC-based computer system that provides the means of measuring the low dose levels that occur during a shot by including postshot background subtraction. The neutron and gamma dose are measured and archived by shot, hour, and day in a database. Activation of the machine after a run day and during vessel entries is monitored and the activated nuclides have been …

An Organizational Survey (OS) was administered at the Los Alamos Site that queried employees on the subjects of organizational culture, various aspects of communications, employee commitment, work group cohesion, coordination of work, environmental, safety, and health concern, hazardous nature of work, safety and overall job satisfaction. The purpose of the OS is to measure in a quantitative and objective way the notion of culture;'' that is, the values, attitudes, and beliefs of the individuals working within the organization. In addition, through the OS, a broad sample of individuals can be reached that would probably not be interviewed or observed during the course of a typical assessment. The OS also provides a descriptive profile of the organization at one point in time that can then be compared to a profile taken at a different point in time to assess changes in the culture of the organization. While comparisons among groups are made, it is not the purpose of this report to make evaluative statements of which profile may be positive or negative. However, using the data presented in this report in conjunction with other evaluative activities, may provide useful insight into the organization. The OS administration at the Los Alamos Site …

Los Alamos National Laboratory is using non-traditional solutions to assist employees in attaining degrees required for essential Laboratory operations. Varieties of distance learning technologies have been implemented to meet some degree needs. While distance learning is not always a perfect solution, it enables the Laboratory to provide education that would otherwise not be practical for full-time employees. The Laboratory has also formed partnerships with local colleges to design programs to fill particular needs. Meeting the challenge of providing cost-effective, viable degree programs in an isolated location requires both patience and innovation.