A number of issues for the design of trigger processors at future high-luminosity, high-energy colliders such as the Superconducting Super Collider and the Large Hadron Collider are discussed.

Vacuum ultraviolet laser absorption spectroscopy has been employed to measure the populations and temperatures of ground electronic state H-atoms and vibrationally-excited H{sub 2} molecules in a volume H{sup -} ion source. Measurements of both species have been made under a variety of discharge conditions. Vibrational levels to v{double prime}=8 have been measured, with the vibrational population distribution well described by a temperature of 4150K. 10 refs., 9 figs.

We investigate the implications of rapid rotation corresponding to the frequency of the new pulsar reported in the supernovae remnant SN1987A. It places very stringent conditions on the equation of state if the star is assumed to be bound by gravity alone. We find that the central energy density of the star must be greater than 13 times that of nuclear density to be stable against the most optimistic estimate of general relativistic instabilities. This is too high for the matter to consist of individual hadrons. We conclude that it is implausible that the newly discovered pulsar, if its half-millisecond signals are attributable to rotation, is a neutron star. We show that it can be a strange quark star, and that the entire family of strange stars can sustain high rotation if strange matter is stable at an energy density exceeding about 5.4 times that of nuclear matter. We discuss the conversion of a neutron star to strange star, the possible existence of a crust of heavy ions held in suspension by centrifugal and electric forces, the cooling and other features. 34 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.

Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements have been made on deformed polycrystal palladium samples with and without deuterium dissolved in the solution phase ({alpha}) at room temperature. Concentrations were held constant during SANS experiments by an equilibrium gas pressure cell. The difference scattering cross section for the same sample with and without deuterium loading has a 1/Q behavior (Q=4{pi}/{lambda} sin{theta}/2) at intermediate values of Q. At very low values of Q the dependence is much stronger than 1/Q. The 1/Q behavior is attributed to deuterium trapping close to long dislocation cores forming rod-like scattering structures.

I review the progress made during the last year in lattice calculations of weak and electromagnetic amplitudes. 32 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.

First, a review is given of various highly-developed techniques for particle handling which are, nevertheless, being vigorously advanced at the present time. These include soft superconductor radio frequency cavities, hard superconductor magnets, cooling rings for ions and anti-protons, and damping rings for electrons. Second, attention is focused upon novel devices for particle generation, acceleration, and focusing. These include relativistic klystrons and free electron laser power sources, binary power multipliers, photocathodes, switched-power linacs, plasma beat-wave accelerators, plasma wake-field accelerators, plasma lenses, plasma adiabatic focusers and plasma compensators. 12 refs.

This paper presents new theoretical results for rotational population patterns in the nuclear SQUID effect. (The term nuclear SQUID is in analogy to the solid-state Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices.) The SQUID effect is an interesting new twist to an old quest to understand Coriolis anti-pairing (CAP) effects in nuclear rotational bands. Two-neutron transfer reaction cross sections among high-spin states have long been touted as more specific CAP probes than other nuclear properties. Heavy projectiles like Sn or Pb generally are recommended to pump the deformed nucleus to as high spin as possible for transfer. The interference and sign reversal of 2n transfer amplitudes at high spin, as predicted in the early SQUID work imposes the difficult requirement of Coulomb pumping to near back-bending spins at closest approach. For Pb on rare earths we find a dramatic departure from sudden-approximation, so that the population depression occurs as low as final spin 10h. 14 refs., 8 figs.

As part of the Stanford Linear Collider Project, three high-field superconducting solenoid magnets are used to rotate the spin direction of a polarized electron beam. The magnets are installed in a high-radiation environment, where they will receive a dose of approximately 10{sup 3} rad per hour, or 10{sup 8} rad over their lifetimes. This level of radiation and the location in which the magnets are installed, some 10 meters below ground in contiguous tunnels, required careful selection of materials for the construction of the solenoids and their ancillary cryogenic equipment, as well as the development of compatible component designs. This paper describes the materials used and the design of the equipment appropriate for the application. Included are summaries of the physical and mechanical properties of the materials and how they behave when irradiated. 16 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.

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Lasers delivering subpicosecond pulses with energies of a fraction of a Joule have made it possible to generate irradiance levels approaching 10{sup 20} W/cm{sup 2}. We presently operate two such systems, a KrF based excimer laser capable of producing a few 10{sup 17} W/cm{sup 2} at 248 nm with a repetition rate of 3--5 Hz and a XeCl based excimer laser capable of producing mid 10{sup 19} W/cm{sup 2} at 308 nm and 1 Hz. We will discuss some experimental results and the theory and modeling of the interaction of such intense laser pulses with aluminum. Because of a small ASE prepulse the high intensity interaction is not at the solid surface but rather at the n{sub e} = 2 {times} 10{sup 22} cm{sup {minus}3} critical density of the blowoff plasma generated by the ASE. The transient behavior of the plasma following the energy deposition by the intense subpicosecond pulse can be viewed as the energy-impulse response of the plasma. Experimental results and modeling of the x-ray emission from this plasma will be presented. 15 refs., 8 figs.

Recent Ginga observations of the Seyfert 1 galaxies NGC 4051 and MCG 6-30-15 show a positive correlation between the 2-10 keV luminosity and photon spectral index {alpha}. Similar behavior has also been reported in Exosat and Einstein observations of other active galactic nuclei, and is suggested in hard x-ray low-state data of the galactic black-hole candidate Cygnus X-1. A two-temperature thermal Comptonization model with internal soft-photon production provides a simple explanation for this correlation. The electron temperature, determined by a balance between ion heating and radiative cooling, decreases in response to an enhancement of the soft photon flux, resulting in a softening of the spectrum and an increase in the soft x-ray luminosity. The bulk of the soft photons are produced through pion production in collisions between the hot ions. Pivoting of the spectrum at photon energies {var epsilon} > 50 keV is a consequence of variations in the ion temperature. An important test of the model would be time correlations between soft and hard x-ray bands. 17 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.

We discuss the interactions of antinucleons with nuclei, focusing on annihilation processes in the multi-GeV region with production of strangeness or charm. 76 refs.

We have measured the resonance parameters of the Z boson using 480 hadronic and Leptonic Z decays collected by the Mark II Detector at the Stanford Linear Collider. We find the Mass to be 91.14 {+-} 0.12 GeV/c{sup 2}, and the width to be 2.42{sup +0.45}{sub {minus}0.35} GeV. If we constrain the visible width to its Standard Model value, we find a partial width to invisible decay modes corresponding to 2.8 {+-} 0.6 neutrino species with a 95% confidence level limit of 3.9. 9 refs., 1 fig., 4 tabs.

I give a brief survey of the current status of superstring phenomenology, with an emphasis on the (currently unrealized) possibility of obtaining model-independent results. 40 refs., 9 figs.

DZero is a large colliding beams detector at Fermilab. The control system for this detector includes twenty-five VMEbus-based 68020 computers interconnected using the IEEE-802.5 Token Ring local area network. In operation, the system will monitor about fifteen thousand analog channels and several thousand digital status bits, interfaced to the 68020 computers by the MIL-1553 multiplexed data bus. In addition, the VMEbus control system uses a memory-mapped multi-VMEbus interconnect to download parameters to more than one hundred VMEbus data crates in the experiment. Remote host computers can then read and set memory in the detector crates over the network by accessing memory in the control crates. This is an extremely useful feature during the construction phase, because low level diagnostics and testing of all the detector electronics can be done over the Token Ring network using either IBM-PC compatible computers or the laboratory-wide VAX system. The VMEbus control system hardware is now being installed in the DZero movable counting house. Installation is expected to be complete later this year. 4 refs., 2 figs.

This paper reviews some key experiments of the past in which the same basic physical processes are attacked both through lepton-photon interaction and by using hadron machines as primary tools. Not surprisingly, it is concluded that the basic distinction between lepton-photon physics and elementary particle physics in general is unreal but that the tools and methodology can be very different indeed. A look is then taken into the expected future evolution of particle accelerators. Existing accelerator technologies both for proton and electron colliders are approaching basic limits as the collision energy in the constituent frame is raised. At this time no clear path exists for electron-positron colliders to compete with the SSC as far as energy reach is concerned, but the superior clarity and coverage of phenomena not accessible to hadron colliders makes it absolutely essential that the development of both electron-positron and hadron colliders be pursued vigorously. It is concluded that accelerator R D effort underway is insufficient if a large hiatus in productivity in particle physics is to be avoided. Electron-positron linear colliders are the most promising approach for the extension of knowledge beyond LEP and beyond the SSC, but the difficulties to reach an electron-positron energy of …

Preliminary results on the production and decay of the f{sub 0}(975) meson in the processes J/{Psi} {yields} {phi}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}, J/{Psi} {yields} {phi}{pi}{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0}, J/{Psi} {yields} {phi}K{sup +}K{sup -}, and J/{Psi} {yields} {omega}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} are reported on. The data sample, corresponding to 5.8 {times} 10{sup 6} produced J/{Psi}'s, were collected with the MARK-III detector at SPEAR. In a coupled- channel fit to the invariant mass distribution of the {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} system opposite the {phi}, the f{sub 0}(975) product branching ratios, resonance parameters and couplings to K{sup +}K{sup -} and {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} are extracted. An upper limit on f{sub 0}(975) production in conjunction with an {omega} is presented. 15 refs., 4 figs., 4 tabs.

The status of glueball spectrum calculations in lattice gauge theory is briefly reviewed, with focus on the comparison between Monte Carlo simulations and small-volume analytical calculations in SU(3). The agreement gives confidence that the large-volume Monte Carlo results are accurate, at least in the context of the pure gauge theory. An overview of some of the technical questions, which is aimed at non-experts, serves as an introduction. 19 refs., 1 fig.

We analyze the interactive migration of radioactive colloids and solute in fractured rock. Two possible interactions between radionuclides as colloids and as solute are considered: solute sorption on nonradioactive colloids to form pseudocolloids, and dissolution of radioactive colloids. Previous studies have discussed the formation and transport of colloids in porous media, including removal of colloids by filtration and sedimentation. Colloids can migrate faster than solute because of weaker sorption on stationary solids and because of hydrochromatography of colloid particles in flow channels. However, the migration of colloids and pseudocolloids can be retarded by the interaction of colloids with solute, and the migration of solute in local equilibrium with colloids can be more rapid than if colloids were not present. Here we present a new quantative analysis to predict the interactive migration of colloids and solute in porous and fractured media. 4 figs.

Waste cleanup at the Hanford Site involves actions leading to the disposal of all radioactive and hazardous wastes, managed by the Waste Management Program, and the remediation of inactive sites and facilities, managed by the Environmental Restoration Program. The Waste Management Program consists of five missions: double-shell tank wastes, single-shell tank wastes, encapsulated cesium and strontium, solid wastes (SW), and liquid effluents. A general category of program support is also included. The Environmental Restoration Program consists of two missions: past practice units and surplus facilities. An extensive technology research, development, demonstration, testing, and evaluation (RDDT E) effort is under way. Emphasis is placed on research and development for missions where the technology to be implemented is uncertain, and on demonstration, testing, and evaluation for missions where the technology to be implemented is well developed. 2 figs., 2 tabs.

We have searched 310 hadronic Z decays for evidence of new quarks and leptons. We set lower mass limits of 40.7 GeV/c{sup 2} for top, 45 GeV/c{sup 2} for bottom prime, and 42.4 GeV/c{sup 2} for a heavy neutral lepton assuming their decays are predominantly via the charged current. Limits are also set for other decay modes and for mixtures of decay modes. 10 refs., 10 figs.

A scanning and transmission electron microscopy study is presented of the microstructure of the Strombus gigas shell. The hierarchical nature of this crossed-lamellar structure and the defect content of the mineral component are described. The mineral component consists of small single crystal grains of aragonite, the metastable orthorhombic polymorph of CaCO{sub 3}. The habit and morphology of the grains discussed here have not been determined previously. The observed habit and defect structure suggest that the organic matrix exerts a high degree of control over the crystal growth of the mineral phase and is responsible for the long range order in the microarhitecture. Electron beam heating of the mineral component leads to certain phase changes and these are discussed. 15 refs., 6 figs.

For quantitative predictions and comparisons of microstructures that evolve during exposure to different radiation environments at elevated temperature one needs to develop methods that go beyond those based on the number of displacements per atom. The number of freely migrating defects that contribute to the microstructural development is far less than the total number of defects produced, as has been recognized for some time from measurements of radiation-induced segregation and of radiation-enhanced diffusion. One major reason for the small amount of defects available for long range migration is the high concentration and close spatial correlation of vacancies and, to a somewhat lesser degree, of interstitials in cascades produced by high energy knock-ons. As a consequence, many defects either recombine or form immobile defect clusters during the defect formation and cooling phases of the cascades. After doses exceeding a few tenths of a displacement per atom, the residue of small clusters and dislocation loops of vacancy type remaining in the central portions of energetic cascades and subscascades, is the second major reason for the reduction of the mean free path of defects between creation and annihilation. Defect production in various neutron and ion irradiation environments is discussed in light of these …

Reactions in cloudwater can be important pathways for chemical transformation of atmospheric trace gases because of high solubility of reagent gases, rapid aqueous-phase kinetics, and large thermodynamic driving force. A key cloudwater reaction is oxidized of dissolved SO{sub 2} and H{sub 2}O{sub 2}. It is thus important to understand processes controlling H{sub 2}O{sub 2} formation in the atmosphere by gas- and aqueous-phase reactions of HO{sub 2} free radicals. A concern with models of free radical chemistry in cloudwater is that of the applicability of present chemical kinetic schemes to such complex milieus. This concern arises because, at the low free-radical concentrations expected for cloudwater, reactions of radicals with trace impurities are favored over radical-radical reactions, which dominate at high radical concentrations commonly employed in laboratory investigations. We report initial results of a study in which the rate of change in H{sub 2}O{sub 2} concentration is monitored in synthetic and authentic cloudwater in which HO{sub 2} radicals are produced by {sup 60}Co{gamma} radiolysis at rates comparable to those expected upon transfer of HO{sub 2} from interstitial cloud air to cloudwater. These results indicate that micromolar concentrations of Fe(III) decrease H{sub 2}O{sub 2} yields and can even lead to H{sub 2}O{sub 2} …